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| 2. |
- Bådagård, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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The Gatekeeper of the ICC : Prosecutorial Strategies for Selecting Situations and Cases at the International Criminal Court
- 2017
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Ingår i: Georgetown Journal of International Law. - 1550-5200. ; 48:3, s. 639-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has a unique role in the proceedings before the Court. It is the organ primarily tasked with choosing among the numerous situations and cases under the Court’s jurisdiction. The legal criteria for situation and case selection, provided in the Rome Statute and related regulations, are relatively open as to allow the Prosecutor a considerable degree of discretion. In order to guide this discretion, the Office of the Prosecutor has developed certain policies and strategies. Prosecutorial policy and strategy stands, almost by definition, at a crossroads between law and politics. This Article identifies strategic choices of the OTP in situation and case selection and analyzes them in relation to the ICC’s objectives. There are tensions between the need for predictability and legal certainty on the one hand and for pragmatism and case-by-case flexibility on the other hand. The Article finds that the OTP is downplaying its own discretion by emphasizing the legalistic and apolitical character of its decision-making and bringing the objectives of ending impunity, preventing crimes, and providing redress to victims to the fore. The objectives of restoring peace and security and of contributing to a historical record have been secondary to the OTP’s strategic choices.
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| 3. |
- Gallmetzer, Reinhold, et al.
(författare)
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Individual Responsibility for Crimes Under International Law : The UN ad hoc Tribunals and the International Criminal Court
- 2007
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Ingår i: Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies. - : Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, The Hague. ; , s. 60-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present article concerns individual criminal responsibility under international law. It is based on a lecture at the Summer School of the Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, held by Reinhold Gallmetzer in The Hague on 5 July 2005. Reinhold Gallmetzer has turned his presentation into the present article and Mark Klamberg has written the second part on the ICC.
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| 4. |
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International Humanitarian Law and Justice : Historical and Sociological Perspectives
- 2018. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade, there has been a turn to history in international humanitarian law and its accompanying fields. To examine this historization and to expand the current scope of scholarship, this book brings together scholars from various fields, including law, history, sociology, and international relations. Human rights law, international criminal law, and the law on the use of force are all explored across the text’s four main themes: historiographies of selected fields of international law; evolution of specific international humanitarian law rules in the context of legal gaps and fault lines; emotions as a factor in international law; and how actors can influence history. This work will enhance and broaden readers’ knowledge of the field and serve as an excellent starting point for further research.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Assessment of Evidence : International Criminal Courts and Tribunals
- 2023
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Ingår i: Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law. - Oxford.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessment of evidence is necessary for any international criminal tribunal or court at various stages of the proceedings, including when issuing arrest warrants, confirming charges, determining the admissibility of evidence, and when determining whether the defendant is guilty during the final deliberations. This in the entry Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law focuses on the assessment of evidence in the later sense, ie when determining whether the defendant is guilty during the final deliberations.
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| 7. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Epistemological Controversies and Evaluation of Evidence in International Criminal Trials
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law. - Stockholm : Oxford University Press. - 9780198825203 ; , s. 450-472
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International criminal trials are normally very complex and burdened with vast amounts of evidence. Even though such trials may face distinct challenges as compared to trials in domestic settings, the challenges and process of evaluating evidence have still much in common regardless if the trial is before a domestic or international court. Many old debates on evidence that have taken place in domestic settings - and in some cases been settled - have made a comeback in the practice and scholarship on international criminal justice together with new debates. This chapter gives an account of current controversies in evaluating evidence in international criminal trials, including whether the evaluation of evidence should be subject to an intuitive holistic approach or deconstruction? Is the standard of proof for conviction subjective or objective? Is it possible and/or desirable to use mathematical methods in evaluating evidence? The chapter also covers the criticism against the “beyond reasonable doubt” standard and whether fact-finding at the international level is possible at all.
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| 8. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Exploiting legal thresholds, fault-lines and gaps in the context of remote warfare
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Handbook on Remote Warfare. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781784716981 ; , s. 186-210
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conflicts increasingly involve action at a distance as opposed to traditional battlefield engagements. Development of new weapons, modern communications and growing economic interdependence between states push national decision-makers to adopt asymmetrical strategies, overt as well as covert. States may adopt such strategies to minimize the exposure to risk of their own forces while their opponents can be easily attacked and also for the purpose of avoiding attribution and retribution. Since international law is used as a tool for legitimizing state policies—in the words of Sari—legal thresholds, fault-lines and gaps will be used by states to portray their own actions as legal or at least belonging to a grey area but never illegal. These issues have been brought to the fore not least by increased tensions between the West and Russia. Russia states in its 2014 Military doctrine that the nature and characteristics of modern warfare conflict includes, inter alia: a) [i]ntegrated use of military force, political, economic, informational and other non-military measures nature, implemented with the extensive use of the protest potential of the population, and special operations forces … h) participation in hostilities irregular armed groups and private military companies; i) the use of indirect and asymmetric methods Action; j) the use of externally funded and run political forces and social movements. Russia perceives as one of the main military dangers ‘subversive activities of special services and organizations foreign states and their coalitions against the Russian Federation’.
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| 9. |
- Klamberg, Mark
(författare)
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Fråga om tillämpning av legalitetsprincipen beträffande folkrättsbrott
- 2007
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Ingår i: Juridisk Tidskrift: vid Stockholms Universitet. ; 19:1, s. 130-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The district court of Stockholm convicted on 18 December 2006 Jackie Arklöv for a crime against international law. It was the first and, until the present date, the only time liability for an international crime has been tried before a Swedish court. This comment presents the law applied by the Court, draws attention to the principles of legality, ne bis in idem, and discusses whether a national court in a dualistic legal system can impose criminal responsibility with reference to customary international law.
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| 10. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
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Inhämtning och bearbetning av personuppgifter i samband med brottsbekämpning och försvarsunderrättelseverksamhet
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rättsinformatik. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144104935
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staten har som en av sina kärnuppgifter att värna nationell säkerhet och fysiskt skydda sina medborgare. Potentiella hot mot dessa intressen manifesteras inte enbart i form av brottslighet utan kan även handla om andra aktörers agerande inom områden som rör ekonomisk utveckling, politiskt oberoende och militär säkerhet. För att möta dessa hot inhämtar stater information som innehåller personuppgifter, och dessa uppgifter blir i allt högre utsträckning föremål för automatiserad databehandling.Texten beskriver informationsbehandling inom brottsbekämpning och underrättelseverksamhet i form av i en informationslivscykel. Därefter behandlas följande problem och utmaningar särskilt: teknikneutral lagstiftning; ändamål som styrmedel för behandling av information och personuppgiftsbehandling; prevention jämfört med reaktion; tidpunkter för och gradering av integritetsintrång; och kontrollfunktioner. Avslutningsvis presenteras två fallstudier beträffande det s.k. "Romregistret" och det s.k. "Kvinnoregistret".
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