| 1. |
- Amundin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
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| 2. |
- Radomska, Marietta, et al.
(författare)
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Doing Away with Life? : On Biophilosophy, the Non/Living, Toxic Embodiment, and Reimagining Ethics
- 2020. - 1000
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Ingår i: Art as We Don’t Know It. - Aalto : Aalto ARTS Books. ; , s. 54-63
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The question of life has been in the centre of attention since the inception of Western philosophy, including the pre-Socratics search for the essence of life to Aristitle's "psukhe" with its own capacity for self-nourishment, growth and decay and Kant's take on life as the question of the human subject engaging with life as an object of thought. Philosophical queries into the question of life also however asks what critical relations are precluded in the very classifications of what gets to count as life and not-life. Process ontological philosophies, after Canguilheim and Foucault, have reformulated the life/non-life issue on terms of ontological politics and ethics with key concepts such as "necropolitics" (Mbebe), "bare life" and "thanatopolitics" (Agamben). Bioart and feminist biophilosophy (Radomska) offers new challenges to the taken-for-granted notion of life and introduces the concept of "non/living". Examples are given from feminist environmental humanities research on toxic embodiment and from feminist science studies on laboratory practices of life and killing. A suggestion is made that these two concepts, toxic embodiment and non/living work as biophilosophical tools of analysis and exploration. This because they redirect our attention from essences and norms to processes, potentials and possibilities of living and dying in the here and now.
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| 3. |
- Cao, GuiHong
(författare)
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Comparison of China-US Engineering Ethics Educations in Sino-Western Philosophies of Technology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science and Engineering Ethics. - : Springer. - 1353-3452 .- 1471-5546. ; 22:6, s. 1609-1635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethics education has become essential in modern engineering. Ethics education in engineering has been increasingly implemented worldwide. It can improve ethical behaviors in technology and engineering design under the guidance of the philosophy of technology. Hence, this study aims to compare China-US engineering ethics education in Sino-Western philosophies of technology by using literature studies, online surveys, observational researches, textual analyses, and comparative methods. In my original theoretical framework and model of input and output for education, six primary variables emerge in the pedagogy: disciplinary statuses, educational goals, instructional contents, didactic models, teaching methods, and edificatory effects. I focus on the similarities and differences of engineering ethics educations between China and the US in Chinese and Western philosophies of technology. In the field of engineering, the US tends toward applied ethics training, whereas China inclines toward practical moral education. The US is the leader, particularly in the amount of money invested and engineering results. China has quickened its pace, focusing specifically on engineering labor input and output. Engineering ethics is a multiplayer game effected at various levels among (a) lower level technicians and engineers, engineering associations, and stockholders; (b) middle ranking engineering ethics education, the ministry of education, the academy of engineering, and the philosophy of technology; and (c) top national and international technological policies. I propose that professional engineering ethics education can play many important roles in reforming engineering social responsibility by international cooperation in societies that are becoming increasingly reliant on engineered devices and systems. Significantly, my proposals contribute to improving engineering ethics education and better-solving engineering ethics issues, thereby maximizing engineering sustainability.
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| 4. |
- Erman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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The Interdependence of Risk and Moral Theory
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice. - : SPRINGER. - 1386-2820 .- 1572-8447. ; 21:2, s. 207-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Sven Ove
(författare)
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Farmers' experiments and scientific methodology
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal for Philosophy of Science. - : SPRINGER. - 1879-4912 .- 1879-4920. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Farmers all over the world perform experiments, and have done so since long before modern experimental science and its recognized forerunners. There is a rich anthropological literature on these experiments, but the philosophical issues that they give rise to have not received much attention. Based on the anthropological literature, this study investigates methodological and philosophical issues pertaining to farmers' experiments, including the choice of interventions (work methods etc.) to be tested, the planning of experiments, and the use of control fields and other means to deal with confounding factors. Farmers' experiments have some advantages over the field trials of agricultural scientists (more replications, studies performed under the relevant local conditions), but also some comparative disadvantages (less stringent controls, less precise evaluations). The two experimental traditions are complementary, and neither of them can replace the other. Several aspects of farmers' experiments are shown to have a direct bearing on central topics in the philosophy of science.
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| 7. |
- Munter, Dan, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Coercion : Moral Assessment in the Labour Market
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 142:1, s. 59-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some libertarians argue that informed consent alone makes transactions in the labour market morally justified. In contrast, some of their critics claim that such an act of consent is no guarantee against coercion. To know whether agreements are voluntary, we need to assess the quality of the offers or the prevailing background conditions. ISCT theorists argue that it is imperative to take social norms into account when evaluating the labour market. We present a novel framework for moral assessment in the labour market, which takes consent, background conditions and norms into account, but which mainly focuses on the offers and demands made. Consent renders a transaction legitimate in the same way we regard a fair election legitimate even if we object to its outcome. For offers to be substantially justified, exploitation must be avoided and offers must give expression to the value of community. Only then they are morally justified.
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| 8. |
- Wikman-Svahn, Per, 1972-
(författare)
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Ethical Aspects of Radiation Risk Management
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on the assumption that the intersection of moral philosophy and practical risk management is a rewarding area to study. In particular, the thesis assumes that concepts, ideas, and methods that are used in moral philosophy can be of great benefit for risk analysis, but also that practices in risk regulation provide a useful testing ground for moral philosophical theories. The thesis consists of an introduction and five articles.Article I is a review article on social and ethical aspects of radiation protection related to nuclear power generation. The paper concludes that four areas of social and ethical issues stand out as central: The first is uncertainty and the influence of value judgments in scientific risk assessments. The second is the distributions of risks and benefits between different individuals, in both space and time. The third is the problem of setting limits when there is no known level of exposure associated with a zero risk. The fourth is related to stakeholder influence and risk communication.Article II discusses ethical issues related to the proposal that doses (or risks) below a certain level should be excluded from the system of radiation protection, without any regard for the number of people exposed. Different arguments for excluding small radiation doses from regulation are examined and a possible solution to the problem of regulating small risks is proposed in the article: Any exclusion of small doses (or risks) from radiation protection ought to be based on a case-by-case basis, with the condition that the expected value of harm remains small.Article III examines what makes one distribution of individual doses better than another distribution. The article introduces a mathematical framework based on preference logic, in which such assessments can be made precisely in terms of comparisons between alternative distributions of individual doses. Principles of radiation protection and from parallel discussions in moral philosophy and welfare economics are defined using this framework and their formal properties analyzed.Article IV argues that the ethical theory of “responsibility-catering prioritarianism” is well positioned to deal with the reasonable requirements in an ethical theory of risk. The article shows how responsibility-catering prioritarianism can be operationalized using a prioritarian social welfare function based on hypothetical utilities. For this purpose, a hypothetical utility measure called ‘responsibility-adjusted utility’ is proposed, which is based on the utility that would normally be expected given circumstances outside of the control of the individual.Article V was written as a response to the Fukushima disaster. Several authors have called the Fukushima disaster a ‘black swan.’ However, the article argues that the hazards of large earthquakes and tsunamis were known before the accident, and introduces and defines the concept of a ‘black elephant,’ as (i) a high-impact event that (ii) lies beyond the realm of regular expectations, but (iii) is ignored despite existing evidence.
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| 9. |
- Alsanius, B. W., et al.
(författare)
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Reflection on reflection in action : A case study of growers conception of irrigation strategies in pot plant production
- 2009
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Ingår i: AI & Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655. ; 23:4, s. 545-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A case study of growers conception of irrigation strategies indicates that pot plant growers in Scandinavia base their management approaches on experientially based art. The study also indicates that there is a gap between experientially based art and available greenhouse technology. In order to standardize production and produce quality, both the grower's experience and available technology should be taken into account. In order to achieve this, the present study proposes to arrange reflection on reflection in action with a group of growers by means of the dialogue seminar method. The concept of reflection on reflection in action is novel to horticultural practice. Therefore, we suggest future inter- and multidisciplinary research within this domain.
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| 10. |
- Ratkić, Adrian
(författare)
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Avvikelsens konst : metod och analogiskt tänkande
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna avhandling presenteras en fallstudie vars studieobjekt är dialogseminariemetoden tillämpad inom forskarprogrammet KTH Advanced Programmein Reflective Practice. Dialogseminariemetoden kan ses som ett sätt att iscensätta dialog genom en systematiserad och disciplinerad procedur.Metoden utvecklades i Bo Göranzons och Maria Hammaréns samarbete med företaget Combitech Systems, mellan 1996 och 1999, i syfte att underlätta reflektion kring erfarenhetsgrundad kunskap. Sedan dess har metoden tillämpats i en rad andra situationer och i olika syften.Varför är just denna metod värd att studera? Enligt min mening löper många trådar från forskningsområdet yrkeskunnande och teknologis nu tjugoåriga metodutveckling ihop i dialogseminariemetoden. Inte minst uttrycker metoden en genomtänkt hållning i frågan om vad som förbinder litteratur, filosofi, idéhistoria och konst med yrkeskunnande och vetenskap.Denna hållning uttrycks i sättet att föra dialog; olika teman utforskas i samtalet genom associativa förbindelser, utvikningar och avvikelser. Detta kallas för analogiskt tänkande, till skillnad från tänkande som bygger på induktion eller deduktion. Att tänka analogiskt innebär att reflektera kring likheter och skillnader mellan olika företeelser. Analogiskt tänkande dominerar i omdöme och handling och är av stor betydelse i bland annat utvecklingsprojekt,inom konstnärligt arbete, all slags problemlösning, samt de faser i forskningsarbetet som kräver uppfinningsrikedom och fantasi.Dialogseminariemetoden utgör ett exempel på det som filosofen Tore Nordenstam kallar ”tillämpad humaniora”, och min beskrivning av hur metoden använts vid KTH kan ses som ett inlägg i den offentliga diskussionenom humanioras plats inom högre utbildningen.
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