| 1. |
- Patrik, Baard
(författare)
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Biocentric individualism and biodiversity conservation: An argument from parsimony
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Values. - : White Horse Press. - 0963-2719 .- 1752-7015. ; 30, s. 93-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that holistic ecocentrism unnecessarily introduces elements to explain why we ought to halt biodiversity loss. I suggest that atomistic accounts can justify the same conclusion by utilising fewer elements. Hence, why we ought to preserve biodiversity can be made reasonable without adding elements such as intrinsic values of ecosystems or moral obligations to conserve collectives of organisms. Between two equally good explanations of the same phenomenon, the explanation utilising fewer elements, which speaks in favour of atomistic accounts, will be the better one.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Blennow, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding risk in forest ecosystem services: implications for effective risk management, communication and planning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Forestry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0015-752X .- 1464-3626. ; 87, s. 219-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncertainty, insufficient information or information of poor quality, limited cognitive capacity and time, along with value conflicts and ethical considerations, are all aspects that make risk management and risk communication difficult. This paper provides a review of different risk concepts and describes how these influence risk management, communication and planning in relation to forest ecosystem services. Based on the review and results of empirical studies, we suggest that personal assessment of risk is decisive in the management of forest ecosystem services. The results are used together with a review of different principles of the distribution of risk to propose an approach to risk communication that is effective as well as ethically sound. Knowledge of heuristics and mutual information on both beliefs and desires are important in the proposed risk communication approach. Such knowledge provides an opportunity for relevant information exchange, so that gaps in personal knowledge maps can be filled in and effective risk communication can be promoted.
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| 4. |
- Hansson, Sven Ove
(författare)
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Farmers' experiments and scientific methodology
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal for Philosophy of Science. - : SPRINGER. - 1879-4912 .- 1879-4920. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Farmers all over the world perform experiments, and have done so since long before modern experimental science and its recognized forerunners. There is a rich anthropological literature on these experiments, but the philosophical issues that they give rise to have not received much attention. Based on the anthropological literature, this study investigates methodological and philosophical issues pertaining to farmers' experiments, including the choice of interventions (work methods etc.) to be tested, the planning of experiments, and the use of control fields and other means to deal with confounding factors. Farmers' experiments have some advantages over the field trials of agricultural scientists (more replications, studies performed under the relevant local conditions), but also some comparative disadvantages (less stringent controls, less precise evaluations). The two experimental traditions are complementary, and neither of them can replace the other. Several aspects of farmers' experiments are shown to have a direct bearing on central topics in the philosophy of science.
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| 5. |
- Olwig, Kenneth
(författare)
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HEIDEGGER, LATOUR AND THE REIFICATION OF THINGS : THE INVERSION AND SPATIAL ENCLOSURE OF THE SUBSTANTIVE LANDSCAPE OF THINGS – THE LAKE DISTRICT CASE
- 2013
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 95, s. 251-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Thing” has undergone reification, and it has done so together with its linguistic “conjoined twin” – “landscape”. Whereasthingonce was the name for meetings where people assembled to treat commonthings that matter, things, in the modern sense, have become physical objects (things as matter). Likewise, landscape's meaning has been reified from being a polity constituted by commonthingmeetings treating substantivethings that matter, to becoming a spatial assemblage of physicalthings as matter. To fully grasp the contemporary meaning of both things and landscape it is necessary to understand the way in which those meanings are the intertwined outcome of a process of revolutionary inversion, or turning inside–out, by which the meaning of things has been spatialized, enclosed, individualized, privatized, scaled and reified as a constituent of the mental and social landscape of modernity. The potentiality of the concept of thing lies, it will be argued, in its continued containment of older, subaltern meanings that can work to empower an alternative “non-modern” understanding of things along the lines of, but distinct from, Bruno Latour's notion ofDingpolitik, which will be termed “thingpolitics” here. This argument is analysed in relation to Martin Heidegger's concept of the “thing”, and exemplified by the mandate of the European Landscape Convention, and the modern planning usage of Landscape Character Assessment and Ecosystem Services, as applied to England's Lake District.
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| 6. |
- Torpman, Olle
(författare)
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Libertarianism, Climate Change, and Individual Responsibility
- 2022
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Ingår i: Res Publica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1356-4765 .- 1572-8692. ; :28, s. 25-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much has been written about climate change from an ethical view in general, but less has been written about it from a libertarian point of view in particular. In this paper, I apply the libertarian moral theory to the problem of climate change. I focus on libertarianism's implications for our individual emissions. I argue that (i) even if our individual emissions cause no harm to others, these emissions cross other people's boundaries, (ii) although the boundary-crossings that are due to our 'subsistence emissions' are implicitly consented to by others, there is no such consent to our 'non-subsistence emissions', and (iii) there is no independent justification for these emissions. Although offsetting would provide such a justification, most emitters do not offset their non-subsistence emissions. Therefore, these emissions violate people's rights, which means that they are impermissible according to libertarianism's non-aggression principle.
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| 7. |
- Torpman, Olle
(författare)
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The Case for Emissions Egalitarianism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-2820 .- 1572-8447. ; 22:3, s. 749-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a fixed limit on the greenhouse gas emissions that the atmosphere can absorb before triggering dangerous climate changes. One of the debates in climate ethics concerns how the available emissions should be divided between people. One popular answer, sometimes called Emissions Egalitarianism (EE), proposes a distribution of emissions permits that gives everyone an equal per capita share of the atmospheric absorptive capacity. However, several debaters have objected to EE. First, it has been argued that there is no principled reason to accept EE, since it cannot be justified on the basis of any moral theory. Second, it has been argued that there is neither any pragmatic reason to accept EE, since it is impracticable, politically unfeasible, and fails to reach its goal. This paper defends EE against these objections. First, it shows that EE can be justified on libertarian, utilitarian, and fairness grounds, respectively. Second, it shows that EE is neither more impracticable, nor more politically unfeasible, than its rivals. It also argues that EE does not fail to reach its goal. Consequently, there is a case to be made for EE.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Ethics of Population Policies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy (CRISPP). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-8230 .- 1743-8772.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Moula, Payam, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating ethical tools
- 2015
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Ingår i: Metaphilosophy. - : Wiley. - 0026-1068 .- 1467-9973. ; 46:2, s. 263-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviews suggestions for how ethical tools are to be evaluated and argues that the concept of ethical soundness as presented by Kaiser etal. (2007) is unhelpful. Instead, it suggests that the quality of an ethical tool is determined by how well it achieves its assigned purpose(s). Those are different for different tools, and the article suggests a categorization of such tools into three groups. For all ethical tools, it identifies comprehensiveness and user-friendliness as crucial. For tools that have reaching a decision in a democratic context as a main purpose, it identifies transparency, guiding users toward a decision and justification of the decision-supporting mechanism. For tools that aim to engage the public, it identifies procedural fairness as essential. It also notes that the scope of use for ethical tools is limited to the same moral community, and that this feature is frequently overlooked.
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| 10. |
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