| 1. |
- Liedgren Dobronravoff, Pernilla
(författare)
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Att bli, att vara och att ha varit : Om ingångar i och utgångar ur Jehovas vittnen
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation seeks to describe and investigate the entering and leaving of a highly structured and hierarchical religious community, exemplified in this case by the Jehovah's Witnesses. The respondents in this study were chosen from both active members of the Jehovah's Witnesses in Sweden and those who have left the organisation for personal reasons. Repeated interviews with ten active members of the organisation have been conducted in the course of the study and compared to equal numbers of former members. The interviews have been semi-structured to deal with questions of how a person has come into contact with the organisation; how they retrospectively experienced the process of entry; the reasons for becoming a member. Questions have also been asked about life in the organisation. The group of "exiters" have also been asked about the experience of leaving, why they wanted to leave, and how this process was started and carried out. In addition to this I have analysed a four-year diary describing the time inside and the process of leaving the organisation. This has given me an extra psychological insight into the inner experience of someone who has gone through the whole process. The analysis has been done by categorising the content of the transcribed interviews. The analysis of the diary has involved thorough reading, resulting in a division of it into four different parts, where each part has been given a certain key-word, signifying the author's emotional state when writing it. A person converting as an adult has to pass six phases before being considered a Jehovah's Witness by the organisation. These are: Contact with the Jehovah's Witnesses, studying the bible with members of the organisation, questioning, accepting, being active as publisher (spreading the belief), being baptised. For a person brought up in the organisation, the process to full membership is much shorter: Upbringing in the organisation, taking a stand on the belief, being baptised. The exit process contains of seven phases: Different levels of doubts, testing of doubts, turning points, different kinds of decisions, different steps in executing the decisions, floating, a period of emotional and cognitive consideration of membership and its experiences, relative neutrality.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The common-is-moral association is stronger among less religious people
- 2021
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Ingår i: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-9992. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questionable behaviours that are perceived as more common also tend to be judged as more morally justified. Here we explore this phenomenon in survey data from 31 countries in the European Values Study, allowing us to examine the universality of the common-is-moral association. More than 35,000 participants rated eight questionable behaviours (e.g., cheating on taxes, having casual sex) on how frequent they are and how justified they are. We estimated common-is-moral associations both across individuals for each behaviour and across behaviours within each individual; in both cases, the association tended to be positive. We further examined the hypothesis that the common-is-moral association would be stronger among less religious people, who are less likely to adopt their moral judgements from religious authorities and therefore should be more susceptible to the heuristic of using the perceived commonness of a behaviour as a guide to how it should be morally judged. Indeed, we found the common-is-moral association to be somewhat stronger among less religious people, whether the association was estimated across individuals or within individuals. We discuss alternative explanations, implications and directions for future research.
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| 3. |
- Ahmadi, Fereshteh, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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How has the University Community Been Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic? : An Iranian Survey
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sociology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-7775. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The present study, one of the first to look at COVID-19 and coping in Iran, aimed at mapping, describing and understanding the coping methods academics employ as protective resources to deal with the psychological challenges and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We specifically aimed at identifying the meaning-making coping methods used and understanding the influence of culture. The guiding research question has been: Are there differences in meaning-making coping methods by gender, age group, work/student status, and place of residence?Design: The study, which used convenience sampling, was a quantitative inquiry. It employed a modified version of the RCOPE scale among faculty/staff members and students in Iran (n = 196, 75% women).Results: The most frequently used coping method among all subgroups of the study sample was thinking that life is part of a greater whole, followed by praying to Allah/God. The least used coping methods were the negative religious ones. Gender differences were found for being alone and contemplating, stronger for men. Thinking that life is part of a greater whole was found mainly among on-campus students. Praying to Allah/God was most common among the youngest staff and students, as well as among women. Two segments of respondents were discovered-the Theists and Non-theists-where the former used more religious coping methods, were more likely to be women, older staff and students, on-campus students, married, have children, and lived in capital.Conclusions: Our conclusion is that the RCOPE methods, which include religious and spiritual meaning-making methods, are of great importance to the studied Iranian informants. However, they use some secular existential meaning-making coping strategies too. This is explained by the role of religion in the larger orientation system and frame of reference in parallel with a secular worldview. Further, a sharp distinction between religious and secular worldviews was not found, which is explained by the fact that secular norms are hardly internalized in ways of thinking in Iran.
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| 4. |
- Axelson, Tomas, Docent religionssociologi, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Religions – a Janus-Faced Phenomenon in Local Politics : A Swedish Interreligious council and Participants’ Views on Religions as a Possible Asset for Societal Cohesion in the Local Community
- 2020
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Ingår i: Interreligious Studies and Intercultural Theology. - : Equinox Publishing. - 2397-3471 .- 2397-348X. ; 4:2, s. 224-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Religions can facilitate cohesion, belonging and feelings of safety or can underpin tensions, separatism or terrorism. This has led local, national and international policymakers to use inter-religious councils to overcome local conflicts by facilitating dialogue. Sweden has a growing number of inter-religious councils around the country. This article focuses on the inter-religious council in Midtown. The aim is (1) to describe how politicians, civil servants and religious leaders as participants in the council express their expectations on the Midtown inter-religious council, and (2) to analyse these accounts in the light of ongoing research and European examples of inter-religious dialogue. Data have been collected via interviews and participant observation, and analysed through two critical lenses, one focusing on social cohesion, the other on fears of militant religious extremism. Results show that members of the Midtown council view religions as constituting possible obstacles but mainly as an important asset in a process of developing a cohesive society.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ingrid, Snellman, 1949-
(författare)
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Den mänskliga professionaliteten : En filosofisk undersökning av det autentiska mötets betydelse för patientens välbefinnande
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The following study is based on observations made in practical medical and nursing care. A practical medical and nursing care problem is introduced, in which an imbalance is shown between the expectations on medical and nursing staff expressed by the patient and the fact that the medical and nursing staff has not had the opportunity to develop the ability to notice and meet the expectations of the patient. In order to solve the above-mentioned complex, practical medical and nursing care problem, it is essential to analyse such terms as: ‘authentic encounter’, ‘health’, ‘emotion’ and ‘personhood’ in order, thereby, to define the necessary conditions for a patient-carer encounter in which the independence and dignity of the patient is respected and active participation in the patient’s own health status is facilitated. In order for the patient’s independence and dignity to be respected, the following conditions for the authentic encounter are discussed. One such fundamental condition for the authentic encounter is Martin Buber’s modified I-Thou relation, the characteristics of which are mutuality, acceptance and confirmation. The ability of medical and nursing staff to create such an encounter based on these characteristics is also emphasised in order to safeguard the dignity of the patient. In addition to the modified I -Thou relation, a number of other prerequisites are discussed, attention to which is essential when creating an authentic encounter. One such condition is the view of health held by the carer. A review of various perspectives on health shows that an individual oriented, social approach is applicable since the outlook on humankind characterising such an approach is that of seeing the patient as a freely acting being with abilities of his own. Another condition for the authentic encounter is the interactive attitude described by Martha Nussbaum, which stresses the importance of getting to know one’s own emotions by accepting them but also by trusting others. Finally, the concept of personhood is discussed in order to clarify a further condition for the authentic encounter, namely, that the carer show consideration for the patient as the person she or he actually is. Making this possible demands a non-static conception of personhood, the fundamental idea of which is that the encounter takes place on the basis of the patient’s abilities and resources.
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| 7. |
- Liedgren, Pernilla, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies among young Jehovah’s Witnesses in compulsory school in Sweden, age 13-15, a case-study
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal for the Study of New Religions. - UK : Equinox Publishing. - 2041-9511 .- 2041-952X. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated how young teenagers, as members of a strong religious organization, dealt with the school situation and the encounter with mainstream culture taking place at school during the final years in Swedish primary school (age 13-15 years). The purpose was to explore possible strategies that members of a minority group, in this case the Jehovah’s Witnesses, developed in order to deal with a value system differing from that of the group. We interviewed eleven former members of the Jehovah’s Witnesses about their final years in compulsory Swedish communal school. The ages of the interviewees ranged between 24 and 46 years, and the interviewed group comprised six men and five women. Nine of the eleven interviewees had grown up in the countryside or in villages. All but two were ethnic Swedes. The time that had passed since leaving the movement ranged from quite recently to 20 years. The results revealed three strategies; Standing up for Your Beliefs, Escaping, and Living in Two Worlds. The first two strategies are based on a One-World View, and the third strategy, Living in Two Worlds, implies a Two-World View, accepting to a certain extent both the Jehovah’s Witnesses outlook as well as that of ordinary society. The strategy Standing up for Your Beliefs can be described as straightforward, outspoken, and bold; the youngsters did not show any doubts about their belief. The second subgroup showed an unshakeable faith, but suffered psychological stress since their intentions to live according to their belief led to insecurity in terms of how to behave, and also left them quite isolated. These people reported more absence from school. The youngsters using the strategy Living in Two Worlds appeared to possess the ability to sympathize with both world views, and were more adaptable in different situations.
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| 8. |
- Lindenfors, Patrik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Demokratins evolution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Gaudeamus. - : Stockholms universitets studentkår. - 0016-5247. ; :1, s. 14-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Malmsten, Kersti, 1947-
(författare)
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Reflective assent in basic care : A study in nursing ethics
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study discusses nursing ethics in relation to basic care. The practice of basic care andrelated knowledge are often understood as tacit knowledge, a kind of familiarity-knowledgethat often has been neglected by philosophical scrutiny.The main aim of the study is to present an alternative approach to principle-based ethicsthat dominate text-books in medical and nursing ethics. It is suggested that nurses' unique experiences of basic care contain cognitive significance. Bodily knowledge and consentgiving plays a central role in this study. It recognises autonomy as a fragile ability of patients in intimate situations, defined by Josalyn Lawler.Central concepts in the study are the principle of informed consent and the reconstructedprinciple of reflective assent. The alternative approach to nursing ethics that is presented in this study examines communicative ethics, feminist ethics, and virtue ethics. The evaluation of the discourse ethics of Jürgen Habermas has resulted in a further development from ideal speech-acts to include bodily communication. The feminist contribution is new insights of how oppressive structures work on practices of basic care. A feminine approach to ethics, as presented by Nel Noddings, is rejected as too powerless to advance the autonomous status of nursing ethics. A post-structural approach of Marie Fortune is presented as a better alternative. A neo-Aristotelian approach to virtue ethics is used to explore which character-traits nurses need to develop in practice for being able to empower patients and themselves.From the philosophical framework set by Charles Taylor, in dialogue with other philosophers as Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Levinás, Knud Ejler Lögstrup, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Donald Schön, six nursing values are affirmed as irreducibly social values. These are induced from the practice of basic care as being particularly essential in this thesis. Additionally six virtues are connected to these values. Embodiment-Sensuality, Reciprocity-Loyalty, Interdependent Autonomy-Openness, Consolation-Courage, Maintaining Human Dignity-Fairness, and Empowerment-Solidarity.
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| 10. |
- Roxberg, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Catastrophe, its Survivors, Job and the Universal Features of Suffering : A Theoretical Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of religion and health. - New York, NY : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-4197 .- 1573-6571. ; 53:4, s. 1257-1266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this theoretical article is to discuss the existential and universal feature of suffering-as illustrated by Job's suffering in the Book of Job in the Bible and by the survivors of the 2004 Asian tsunami catastrophe-and to highlight its significance for health care. Further, the study is aiming at contributing to health professionals' understanding of patients' suffering. The sources are narratives, comprising Job's book, TV interviews 1 year after the tsunami catastrophe and the survivors' autobiographies. The methodological approach is a philosophical analysis. The existential, universal, ontological and epistemological aspects of suffering are carefully scrutinized to unveil the universal and existential versus culture-specific features of suffering. Based on the results, the authors' recommendations are (1) a holistic concept of the patient and health care has to seriously consider suffering in all its complexity because when a person is in pain, it is not his/her body but the whole person as a unity of body, psyche and spirit that suffers and (2) suffering should be seen as the most central concept of health care, which should provide treatment for physical pain and all dimensions of suffering: physical, social, mental and spiritual aspects.
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