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- Lantz, Björn, 1967
(författare)
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Giles Land – a mystery for S.A. Andrée and other early Arctic explorers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Polar Research. - : Norwegian Polar Institute. - 1751-8369 .- 0800-0395. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After the initial discovery of Giles Land (Kvitøya, Svalbard) by Cornelis Giles in 1707, it was most likely never seen by anyone again until 1876. During this lengthy period, Giles Land evolved into an enigma as various explorers and cartographers came to very different conclusions about its probable location, character or even existence. In 1897, when the engineer Salomon August Andrée tried to return over the ice after his failed attempt to reach the North Pole in a balloon, he passed through an area approximately 160 km north of Kvitøya where Giles Land was indicated on his map. Andrée searched for it, but there was no land in sight. The main reason why Giles Land was erroneously positioned too far north was due to a conjecture by a German cartographer August Petermann in 1872. While there was some distrust of Petermann’s conjecture at the time, many also believed it. The erroneous understanding that Giles Land was in the far north was only finally dismissed in the 1930s. This article examines how this misunderstanding regarding the identity and location of Giles Land could arise and become entrenched.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Claes, 1973
(författare)
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Paleolithic Punctuations and Equilibria: Did Retention Rather Than Invention Limit Technological Evolution?
- 2011
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Ingår i: PaleoAnthropology. - 1545-0031. ; , s. 243-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the ability to add knowledge and the ability to retain knowledge are both (trivially) preconditions of cumulative evolution, the latter has so far been largely neglected in cultural evolution. As we here focus on the ability of cultures to retain a long-term memory, what emerges is that the propensity for introducing error in information transmission between generations strictly bounds the volume of information that can be stably maintained over time. What is argued and demonstrated here is how this phenomenon could provide key insights about tempo and mode in Paleolithic technological evolution. The application of this patch to the basic Darwinian frameworkcauses its predictions to shift in an interesting way: 1) a large and growing body of archaeological finds that seemoutright mysterious today begin to make theoretical sense, and, 2) the importance and role of cognitive capabilitieschanges considerably as the ability to learn and teach (rather than to invent and comprehend) is emphasized.
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| 5. |
- Åberg, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Rising Seas: Facts, Fictions and Aquaria
- 2017
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Ingår i: Curating the Future: Museums, Communities and Climate Change.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Curating the Future: Museums, Communities and Climate Change explores the way museums tackle the broad global issue of climate change. It explores the power of real objects and collections to stir hearts and minds, to engage communities affected by change. Museums work through exhibitions, events, and specific collection projects to reach different communities in different ways. The book emphasises the moral responsibilities of museums to address climate change, not just by communicating science but also by enabling people already affected by changes to find their own ways of living with global warming. There are museums of natural history, of art and of social history. The focus of this book is the museum communities, like those in the Pacific, who have to find new ways to express their culture in a new place. The book considers how collections in museums might help future generations stay in touch with their culture, even where they have left their place. It asks what should the people of the present be collecting for museums in a climate-changed future? The book is rich with practical museum experience and detailed projects, as well as critical and philosophical analyses about where a museum can intervene to speak to this great conundrum of our times. Curating the Future is essential reading for all those working in museums and grappling with how to talk about climate change. It also has academic applications in courses of museology and museum studies, cultural studies, heritage studies, digital humanities, design, anthropology, and environmental humanities.
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| 6. |
- Akallah, Jethron Ayumbah, et al.
(författare)
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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES
- 2024
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Ingår i: Icon (London, England). - 1361-8113. ; 29:1, s. 9-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global developments influence the concepts and content of scholarly research. The article aims to make these influences visible by analysing changes in the ideas and concepts of the history of technology. Thus, the paper presents different approaches to, and topics of, the history of technology, as developed by nine researchers, embedded in their characteristic cultures of scholarship all over the world. In doing so, the paper contributes to a transnational comparison of methodologies and contents of the history of technology. It also reflects on how the history of technology sees itself as an academic discipline and how it contributes to ongoing discourses on broader societal challenges.
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| 7. |
- Dussauge, Isabelle, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Precursors of the IT Nation : Computer use and control in swedish society, 1955–1985
- 2011
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Ingår i: 3rd IFIP WG 9.7 Conference on History of Nordic Computing, HiNC 2010. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9783642233142 - 9783642233159 - 9783642270192 ; , s. 425-432, s. 425-432
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a presentation of a research project that aims at writing the history of computing in Sweden in the mainframe age from a user perspective. Rather than beginning with the history of hardware, this project takes as its point of departure the way in which actors in different sectors of society used computer technology in order to achieve a higher degree of control over crucial processes, whether through electronic data processing systems, process control or technical/scientific computation.
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| 8. |
- Ekberg, Kristoffer, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A Question of Utter Importance: The Early History of Climate Change and Energy Policy in Sweden, 1974–1983
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and History. - 1752-7023 .- 0967-3407. ; 29:3, s. 399-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies early arguments in Sweden for combating climate change. We show how scientific results in relation to climate change entered the political sphere as part of the debate on energy in the 1970s, a process we propose to name energysation. We argue that the use of climate science by pro-nuclear political actors served as a way of maintaining a course set by a high-energy society while simultaneously trying to outmanoeuvre the growing environmental anti-nuclear and low-energy movement. When the pro-nuclear power side met with resistance, this led to a displacement of climate change knowledge away from the realm of the national political sphere and specific energy forms, a process we conceptualise as de-energysation. By highlighting conflicts and the political framings of climate change in the early years 1974–1983, we suggest that the history of these frames influences current delay in climate change mitigation and limits the range of actions and ways of addressing the ongoing climate emergency.
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| 9. |
- Ekberg, Kristoffer, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Petrocultural reactions - the campaign against Swedish Royal Dutch Shell in the 1990s
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1996, May first was declared Send Shell to hell day on internet forums and in radical press. The Swedish autonomous movement followed suit under the name of “Snäckjägarna” (The Shell hunters). Following 6 months of momentum build-up, around 100 protest actions against Swedish Shell gas stations took place in the period May to November 1996. These ranged from graffiti to bomb threats and arsons. The actions followed international calls to question Shell on the company´s activities in Nigeria and especially its eventual complicity in the death sentence of the “Ogoni nine” the previous year. In this paper both the campaign with resulting actions as well as the response to it in the form of strategies from the Swedish branch of Shell is analysed in order to shed light on how oil dependency was negotiated and challenged on a scale from the local gas station to the networks of global fossil capitalism. The paper draws on material from the RD Shell’s Swedish archives, the Swedish Security Service (SÄPO), as well as social movement sources and brings together petrocultural research with research on social movements and especially the field focusing on anti-corporate and “private” politics.(Dixon, 2016; Baron, 2003; Mannheim, 2000) By contrasting the campaign against Shell with the actions taken by Shell to mitigate the protests we follow the contentious repertoires of both parties as a relational process. (Tilly & Tarrow, 2007). The campaign against Shell could be described as an important event in the rise of the alter-globalisation movement where multinational corporations came in the crosshairs of radical groups. The period also saw the rise of the CSR perspective as a way for corporations to deal with social and environmental demands from consumers. The period further coincides with oil and gasoline becoming a more contested fuel with the second IPCC report clearly attributing a large part of global warming to anthropogenic causes, and climate change becoming a more debated subject in the preparations for the Kyoto meeting 1997. The campaign against Shell made questions of environmental justice and the dependency on networks of oil extraction visible for consumers in Sweden and around world. Importantly for this panel this meant a focus beyond strict geopolitical or energy security reasons. Instead the paper highlights issues of justice and environment in the transnational infrastructure providing fossil fuels to a non-extractive nation and its highly car dependant population. The extraction of oil in Nigeria and the dependence on this oil for consumption in Western countries like Sweden was not only an issue of energy security but also became one of moral and environmental concern during the early 1990s. How different actors responded and acted considering this development is therefore of crucial importance for understanding current and possible future campaigns against fossil fuel operations.
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