| 1. |
- Adiels, Emil, 1989
(författare)
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Geometry linking the art of building and the Universe: Geometric patterns on shells and grid shells
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Geometry links the art of building and the physics of space-time. Mathematical breakthroughs in geometry have led to new ways of designing our structures and our ability to visualise and describe the world, phenomena in nature and the universe. However, in contemporary architecture and structural engineering, a more profound understanding of geometry has been forgotten. This thesis aims to resurrect geometry in architecture and engineering in connection with the rapid development of new digital tools for design and production—particularly the connection between the structural action related to the design of the geometrical patterns on shells structures are treated. A brief historical overview of geometry is conducted, and with an emphasis on its applications in architecture in terms of structural design and economic production. Furthermore, the connection to a sustainable building culture from the standpoint of the Davos declaration 2018, calling for a high-quality Baukultur is investigated. The concept of Baukultur (building culture in English) defined in the Davos declaration is related to architectural quality but has a broader meaning as it concerns the final product and the associated processes and its effect in society. Moreover, the concept of craftsmanship and workshop culture is examined, and how it is already present in computer code development and contemporary innovative research cultures combining architectural design and technology. Taking departure from the 18th-century experimental scientist Joseph Plateau and the contemporary artist Andy Goldsworthy, the connection between scientific and artistic research is investigated. Four articles are included; all connected to various ways of architectural applications of geometry in the design process. The first article describes a way to interpret empirically derived brick patterns, specifically the bed joints, using differential geometry. Two methods to apply this in the design processes of new brick vaults are presented. The first is purely geometrical and can be applied on an arbitrary shape with the possibility to apply several patterns; the second is an iterative method of generating a funicular shape and its pattern simultaneously. The second and third paper describes the design and construction process of two different wooden structures built of straight planar laths. Both studies examine the possibilities of using geometry as a link between various parameters in a design process using digital tools to achieve complex forms using simple elements and production methods. The fourth paper examines an appropriate form for a shell, that can balance aesthetics, structural performance and build-ability, with a proposal for the use of surfaces with constant solid angle. In this paper, the surface was generated with a Delaunay triangulation. Thus, future studies would include incorporation of other types of patterns facilitating buildability.
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| 2. |
- Forooraghi, Melina, 1989
(författare)
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Health and Office Architecture
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The office, where many people spend most of their day, influences the health of employees, their families, communities, and society. While the body of research that relates office environment to health is growing, a question of interest for practitioners arises: how buildings should be designed and managed in order to support and promote health. This thesis adopts a salutogenic perspective in physical office environments. The salutogenic approach is an orientation toward health that focuses on the origins of health rather than on the determinants of disease. Salutogenesis indicates that the factors that create health are often different from those that cause illness. In this perspective, ‘sense of coherence’ has been found to be a resource for health promotion. However, the previous research concerning health in offices has tended to focus on the negative impacts of physical office environments (pathogenic) and less research has been carried out on the components that create and maintain health (salutogenic). The research work included two literature reviews and a mixed-method case study approach. First, health and healthy offices are studied in the context of office design approaches to explore how health is understood in the literature. Additionally, the Nordic perspective is specifically studied as a complementary setting to gain a deeper understanding of healthy office conceptualizations. While the literature provides input from the scientific perspective, the case study approach was used to explore the sense of coherence theory in an architectural context. The findings first revealed that conceptualizations of health and healthy offices were not abundant, and most approaches were limited to a pathogenic perspective. Second, design strategies were often formulated with little consideration of contextual factors. That is, no holistic office design approach was found to address all design features and health aspects. Finally, from a sense of coherence perspective, manageability and meaningfulness were the most recurrently influenced components, mainly by a sense of control, ownership, and opportunities for social interactions. Comprehensibility was also influenced, nevertheless, largely by the lack of behavioral rules and clarity. Contextual factors, such as the organizational work culture, facility management style, individual preferences, and activities were critical to elucidate the findings. To conclude, the findings highlight the need for holistic approaches that go beyond the mitigation of pathogenic aspects and promote the salutogenic resources of the physical office environment in order to strengthen employees’ sense of coherence and empower them to more positively and adaptively deal with stressors. As such, the move toward the healthy continuum in office environments involves two complementary strategies. First, modifications can be made to the office aimed at alleviating risk factors (e.g., improving air quality) and second, maximizing the presence of salutogenic resources (e.g., optimizing a sense of control).
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| 3. |
- Geib, Jonathan, 1979
(författare)
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Separations in Multivocality: Reconfiguring Dialogue through Design
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis takes an artistic research approach concerned with the designer's agency within processes of public space. It traverses contexts of urbanism, urban design, architecture, art, design and participatory processes but also draws from other fields. It aims to reconfigure a view commonly held in applications of dialogue and participation, particularly in urban development, that dialogue is a face-to-face process which should converge towards a single consensus. Instead, dialogue can be understood to happen both directly and indirectly in dynamic processes involving converging (connecting) and diverging (separating) forces which together produce multivocality, or the coexistence of a collective voice with multiple articulated voices. In critical response to the monovocality of our post-political, post-Fordist context, and to similarly monovocal communitarian or cosmopolitan alternatives, the emphasis here is on mechanisms of separation for their capacity to structure the differentiation required by multivocality. The most immediate question is how the designer can structure, negotiate and navigate the dynamics of separation and connection, articulating and disarticulating voices in order to enable, protect, amplify or produce new multivocality.I experimented with and experienced these dynamics through my primary case study, Ett skepp kommer lastat. . . (2015-2016), a project I initiated in collaboration with the Frölunda Cultural Center and the Gothenburg Cultural Department, with the support of Chalmers Architecture and TRADERS. It involved eight groups of children and youth from three schools and inquired into the theme 'neighbors' from artistic, cultural, urban and architectural perspectives through a constellation of participatory workshops integrated with an exhibition.
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| 4. |
- Hällgren, Nina, 1977-
(författare)
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Designing with Urban Sound : Exploring methods for qualitative sound analysis of the built environment
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The licentiate thesis Designing with Urban Sound explores the constitution and qualitative characteristics of urban sonic space from a design-oriented and practice-based perspective. The act of lifting forth and illuminating the interaction between architecture, the creation of sound and a sonic experience aims to examine and develop useful tools and methods for the representation, communication and analysis of the exterior sonic environment in complex architectural spaces. The objective is to generate theoretical and practical knowledge within the field of urban sound planning and design by showing examples of different and complementary ways of communicating and analyzing sound than those which are commonly recognized.
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| 5. |
- Kapur, Jyoti, 1973-
(författare)
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Smells: olfactive dimension in designing textile architecture
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Designing with non-visual attributes challenges ways of representation. This research explores methods for designing with invisible materiality within the research practice, as well as ways of representation through textiles when designing spaces. Exploring textiles and smells within a space, the research program investigates spatial interactions.This research focuses on designing embodied experiences using tangible materials as expressions of smells. Through the spatial installations and performances Sight of smell, Touch of smell, and Smell, space, and body movement, haptics were explored as one of the methods of interaction with smells through textiles.Through the sense of touch, this research also investigates ways of revealing, activating, and disseminating smells within a space. Smells were purposely added through the methods of dyeing, coating, and printing to the textile materials that did not inherently embody any smells, As a result, tactile surfaces create non-visual expressions of smell. Further ideas of research in this area would explore another perspective of designing with smells in spaces. As an example, by designing textiles being smell absorbers, dividers, and re ectors, could compliment the spatial concepts and deals with the already existing smells in a living environment.In this licentiate thesis thinking through the olfactive dimension to design textiles is not only novel for the textile design eld; but also, its proposal for application in the spatial design is quite unique, and o ers a new dimension for spatial design.
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| 6. |
- Magnusson, Frans, 1981
(författare)
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Realtime & Development - modes of knowing design computation in architectural practice
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines theoretical, methodological and organisational implications of design computation for architectural practice - from an insider perspective. It also proposes a conceptual model for knowing within this practice, in an approach that interrelates theory and actionable knowledge. Dsearch is a research & development network focused on the introduction of design computation at White arkitekter, a large Scandinavian architectural firm with over 900 employees.The research studies Dsearch from an insider perspective, providing a description and discussion of an organisational entity involved in the paradigmatic shift towards computationally augmented design thinking - design computation - in architectural practice. This entails the introduction of new tools, methods and competencies.This thesis contributes to the knowledge in architectural design computation practice, conceptualising documented methodology so as to establish a deeper theoretical understanding. Reciprocally it provides the wider field of design theory with insights into the problems and methods that occur in design computation in architectural practice.It also proposes a conceptual model for how to attain and share knowledge in an architectural practice augmented by design computation. This model articulates Realtime and Development as two approaches to time that are distinguished by design computation.The model builds on practical experience intertwined with notions from cognitive science, philosophy of the mind, design methodology, action research, and management- and learning-theory.
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| 7. |
- Miedema, Elke, 1985
(författare)
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HEALTH PROMOTION AND HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE - Conceptualizations of Health Promotion in relation to Healthcare Building Design
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Today's healthcare system is under development and reorienting and adapting to embrace a person centred and holistic perspective on health, including a focus on health promotion. This reorientation results in changes in the healthcare models, processes as well as it sets new requirements for healthcare building design. A vast majority of research has been devoted to the relation between inpatient healthcare building design and individual health, e.g. how our hospitals affects treatments and patient outcomes. Less attention has been paid to the relation between outpatient healthcare building design and public or population health and wellbeing, e.g. healthcare in the community to lessen the load on large hospitals. At the same time as the aforementioned development is happening there is a growing body of research emphasizing the importance of the built environment for public health. Objective: This licentiate thesis aim to explore conceptualizations of health promotion in the context of outpatient healthcare building design, the aim is to enable a broader platform to enable incorporation of several health promotion perspectives into future healthcare building design. The main research question is: How is health promotion conceptualized in the context of outpatient healthcare building design? In addition, several other questions emerged in the research process: What aspects of building design result in health-promoting building design? How is health-promoting building design conceptualized in the literature and in practice? What tools and outcomes are referred to when evaluating health-promoting building design? Methods: The research included two studies with an explorative approach: a scoping review and a content analysis of interviews. Results: The results present different conceptualizations of health promotion in the context of healthcare building design. In addition, the results provide an interpretation of health-promoting building design. The results also relate to health promotion strategies, perspectives on health-promoting building design and some aspects of building design that can contribute to, or prevent, health promotion. Discussion: The discussion emphasizes challenges related to developing health-promoting building design, such as vague and contradicting definitions and interpretations of core concepts as health promotion and itís interpretation in the built environment. In addition, the discussion highlights the challenges associated with evaluating health-promoting building design. Conclusions: Health promotion perspectives, have been shown to influence healthcare building design through altered implications for the built environment. As shown, healthcare building design thus seems to have the opportunity to promote the health and wellbeing of patients, staff, visitors and the community. However, the vocabulary used to address health promotion, the different perspectives and health-promotion is weak and inconsistent. The thesis therefore proposed definitions for health promotion and health-promoting building design, that might guide future research and discussions on health promotion vocabulary. Future research should focus on developing the health-promoting building design vocabulary, collecting examples of health-promoting building design, relating health promotion theory to existing architecture theory, and methods and outcomes to evaluate health-promotion building design.
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| 8. |
- Morichetto, Hanna, 1973
(författare)
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Bostad, atmosfär och välbefinnande: Mot en ökad förståelse kring sambanden mellan hälsa och bostadens arkitektur
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Current research within healthcare architecture has shown that how our built environments are designed affects our capacities for healing. However, far less is explored, developed and known in the field of residential architecture and how it influences well-being. In the light of the growing knowledge of how spaces influence our emotions and physical reactions we need to know more about how residential spaces act upon our abilities to heal and to improve our health conditions. This licentiate thesis recognizes this need, and intends to explore how residential architectural design contribute to residents' sense of wellbeing and health. As a tool to understand the interplay between human beings and the built environment, the concept of Atmosphere is used, which has been proposed as a way to describe architectural quality. In case study 1 and 2, this concept is adopted to perform a semantic concept analysis with a subsequent contextual concept determination through a theoretical study of an unbuilt apartment. The results from these analyses form part of the theoretical basis for case study 3 where deep interviews are conducted with residents in order to explore and to analyze connections between residential architecture and health. The thesis recognizes the growing body of knowledge in particular within neurosciences concerning attributes critical for our perception and spatial orientation and their physiological and emotional effects. It also recognizes a spectrum of theories related to health. The concluding analysis focuses on identifying and developing concepts that describe aspects of residential architecture of significant importance for residents' sense of wellbeing while using results from the conducted deep interviews and applying various other theoretical perspectives on health.The thesis suggests Atmosphere could be regarded as a protector of wellbeing. The surrounding building envelope and the various spatial layers of the home are of particular interest in shaping conditions for creating an environment that promotes wellbeing. Different phenomena, tools and spatial properties are put forward as suggestions of how these aspects could be integrated in residential design.The results of the research are intended to provide a better understanding of the connections between residential architecture, atmosphere, wellbeing and health. This knowledge should be implemented in future residential architectural design processes.
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| 9. |
- Ollár, Anita, 1989
(författare)
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Spatial Design for Circularity - Exploring Spatial Aspects in Housing Design with Focus on the Kitchen
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The building industry and especially multiresidential buildings are responsible for a large portion of environmental impact, energy use and resource exploitation. Hence, there is a need to shift towards more sustainable design solutions for such buildings, which might be achieved by adopting circular economy strategies. This thesis develops knowledge on how to formulate solutions for circular housing design by analysing problematics connected to one important function of dwellings, the kitchen. This part of the home is subject to frequent renovations and extensive material flows driven by regulations, design trends and end-user preferences. Previous research has investigated kitchen-related issues in connection with circularity, including resource use, furniture design or food waste. However, there has been little investigation in connection with the spatial design of kitchens despite earlier studies indicating the importance of spatial configurations to a sustainable built environment. Therefore, this Licentiate thesis explores the spatial design of the kitchen with the aim of increasing circularity in residential building design. To understand the complex sociomaterial phenomenon regarding kitchens, this thesis reports on two studies. Study 1 examines the social agencies through investigating the value chain of kitchens. Taking a qualitative approach, this study aims to understand stakeholder perspectives on how kitchens are commissioned, designed, built, delivered, and installed. This is followed up by Study 2, which explores the material agencies by evaluating the adaptive capacities of 3,624 kitchens in contemporary apartments. The goal was to summarise current design strategies regarding kitchens and investigate the opportunities that adaptable spatial design presents to circular housing design. The results showed that spatial design is one important factor in connection with circularity. In both studies, spatial qualities and characteristics were identified as enablers in achieving a circular housing design and built environment. The design of spatial characteristics, such as room size, room typology, kitchen typology, windows and infrastructures might enable more adaptability of dwellings which, in turn, would support less frequent, low-impact alterations of the room. The main contribution of this thesis is in recognising those spatial characteristics which are important to consider when creating a future circular kitchen design. These characteristics need to be detailed and it is important that upcoming studies further investigate end-user perspectives. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the ongoing development of a circular building industry by presenting knowledge on circular opportunities for the built environment and highlighting adaptable spatial design as an important factor in circular housing design.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Jens, 1985
(författare)
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In conversation with simulation: The application of numerical simulation to the design of structural nodal connections
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis explores methods for integration of structural analysis, design and production in a digital design environment. The somewhat ambiguous title implies the ambition to make such integration in relation to the explorative phase of the design process which is described by Donald Schön as having a conversational character. A conversation between the designer and the representation by the means of the tool. The tool is in this context a simulation and instead of exploring the potential of automatic optimisation, the simulation is used for designer driven exploration. The aim of the thesis is to give an overview of how this type of integration is currently being approached and to contribute with new tools and methods in that pursuit. The motivation behind the work is to lower the threshold for the application of structural analysis in early-stage design, with an ambition of architectural qualities and resource efficiency in mind. An overview of the historical context is portrayed with broad brush strokes, followed by a more precise account of the mathematical and physical context, which is complemented by an attempt to describe how our tools and roles tend to interplay in the composition of the design process. Methods such as the finite element method, isogeometric analysis, smoothed particle hydrodynamics and peridynamics, including their related geometrical representations are introduced in relation to this context. A variety of production techniques are also discussed in relation to material mechanical properties for conventional building materials such as steel, concrete and wood. The method development is approached through the use of numerical and physical experiments which are applied for design of material-efficient structural components, with a particular design process perspective. The nodal connection is chosen as an application because it combines geometrical and structural complexity in an element that is of crucial importance for a holistic spatial setting, while often being produced in a material inefficient way, with poor attention to detail. The three articles that are included follow a trajectory from large to small, from the holistic to the particular. The first article is a description of the computational design work with the roof for the new international airport of Mexico City. The second article aims to address one of the challenges that were faced in that project with material inefficiency for nodal connections, with a critical perspective on optimisation. The final article presents an extension/modification for the peridynamics theory enabling variable particle sizes and an irregular particle distribution through the introduction of a concept called force flux density . The development is motivated by limitations found in the present theory through numerical experiments. The method enables simulation of phenomena such as brittle fracture, for which correlation with Griffith's theory of fracture is shown. Further work includes an extension of the force flux method from 2D to 3D, including calibration of material a model for 3D printed steel. Other possibilities involve the exploration of how such a method can adapt to the various stages of the design process, where requirements of accuracy, speed and interactivity will vary.
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