| 1. |
- Zimmerman Nilsson, Marie-Helene, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Gender-equal options for musical becomings in the future music classroom : A pilot study exploring “thinking outside the box”
- 2022
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In: International Journal of Education & the Arts. - Boston : Penn State Libraries Open Publishing. - 1529-8094. ; 23, s. 1-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gender inequality is a problem in western music education, but efforts to solve this problem in practice have thus far been insufficient. By adopting a post-human theoretical framework, this pilot study explores how music practitioners’ visions of a gender-equal classroom can be used to question, reverse, and reconstruct gendered traditions within music as an educational field. The aim is to increase knowledge about how gender-equal options for musical becomings could be realized in the future music classroom. As there is a lack of post-human studies in music education inspired by an explorative design, the current project offers a new methodological approach. The findings reveal entanglements of gender-equal identities through diverse socio-material and material representations. This gives recognition to the students in representing identity and gender, genre and style, enabling liquid selfimages and identities to be shaped and re-shaped seamlessly
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| 2. |
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Ant Colony Optimization and Evolutionary Algorithms Applied to Jazz Solo Improvisation
- 2010
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Editorial proceedings (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper describes an experiment of using a variant of the TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) of ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) and automatic fitness in the evolutionary algorithm to create jazz improvisation solos. It is a sub-project of our overall EJI (Evolutionary Jazz Improvisation) project, where we try to explore the inner nature of jazz music and model jazz improvisation solos and jazz harmony in the computer by means of evolutionary algorithms, swarm theory, chaos theory, neural networks, memetics and other kinds of heuristics
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| 3. |
- Bäckman, Kjell, 1949-
(author)
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Automatic Fitness in generative jazzimprovisation
- 2008
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In: Proc. of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC) 2008, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 2008.. - Belfast : ICMC. ; , s. 1--
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent work by the author has revealed the need for an automatic fitness function in the evolutionary algorithm for generation of jazz solos. A computer based automatic fitness function enables greater populations and a great number of generations within a manageable time. This paper describes how the automatic fitness function is implemented using score calculation based on specific events recognized in the solo line and alignment to different optimal intensity curves.
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| 4. |
- Bäckman, Kjell, 1949-
(author)
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Automatic jazz harmony evolution
- 2009
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In: SMC. - Porto. - 9789899557765 ; , s. 349-354
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Jazz harmony has during jazz history mainly been functionally based on principles of tonality derived from the classical and romantic periods of the 18th and 19th centuries. In the Evolutionary Jazz Harmony project we introduced a functionless harmony system that impacted the musical feeling in jazz compositions to imitate the harmonic feeling in an avant-garde way. The main features of that new harmony system were chords not built on any specific base note and not necessarily connected to the major/minor concept. In this project we introduce an automatic evaluation of the produced harmony sequences that both looks at each individual chord and the chord progression. A population of chord progressions is evaluated and the highest ranked ones will most likely be used for breeding of the offspring. This project is one of the sub-projects of the EJI (Evolutionary Jazz Improvisation) project, where we explore various aspects of jazz music; improvised solo, harmony, tune creation, algorithmic creation of piano, bass and drum accompaniment, communication between instruments etc. The results have been evaluated by a live jazz group consisting of professional jazz musicians.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bäckman, Kjell, 1949-
(author)
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Evolutionary jazz improvisation : A New Jazz Improvisation and Harmony System
- 2009
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In: Performa '09. - Aveiro : Universidade de Aveiro.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Jazz harmony has during the jazz history mainly been functionally based on principles of tonality derived from classical and romantic periods of the 18th and 19th centuries. By means of computer based evolutionary principles we introduce a function-less harmony system that somewhat changes the musical feeling in jazz compositions to more imitate the harmonic feeling of early experiments made in the 1950’s by advanced and new-thinking jazz musicians like Ornette Coleman, Cecil Taylor, Don Cherry and others. Experiments have also been made during the 60’s and 70’s by e.g. Herbie Hancock, Miles Davies and fusion musicians Brecker Brothers. Not to mention all experiments in the classical music domain during the entire 20th century from Schoenberg and onwards. However, from the last quarter of the 20th century a stagnation of the harmonic development in jazz has ensued, and nothing harmonically essential has occurred. The Evolutionary Jazz Improvisation project is an attempt to break the ice and open new dimensions to harmonic thinking. In addition to new types of harmonies, the new harmony system also forms the basis for scale construction to be used by the jazz musician when performing a solo. This new harmony and scale system has proved to be a musically interesting platform at exploration of new harmonic areas. The main features of this system are chords not built on any specific base note, chords that should be regarded as harmonic spectrums, and scales of a new kind based on the harmonic spectrums.
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| 7. |
- Bäckman, Kjell, 1949-, et al.
(author)
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Generative Jazz Improvisation
- 2008
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In: EvoWorkshops 2008. ; , s. 371-380
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes a system developed to create computer based jazz improvisation solos. The generation of the improvisation material uses interactive evolution, based on a dual genetic representation: a basic melody line representation, with energy constraints ("rubber band") and a hierarchic structure of operators that processes the various parts of this basic melody. To be able to listen to and evaluate the result in a fair way, the computer generated solos have been imported into a musical environment to form a complete jazz composition. The focus of this paper is on the data representations developed for this specific type of music. This is the first published part of an ongoing research project in generative jazz, based on probabilistic and evolutionary strategies.
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