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Fear and Loathing in the North. Jews and Muslims in Medieval Scandinavia and the Baltic Region
- 2015
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Due to the scarcity of sources regarding actual Jewish and Muslim communities and settlements, there has until now been little work on either the perception of or encounters with Muslims and Jews in medieval Scandinavia and the Baltic Region. The volume provides the reader with the possibility to appreciate and understand the complexity of Jewish?Christian?Muslim relations in the medieval North. The contributions cover topics such as cultural and economic exchange between Christians and members of other religions; evidence of actual Jews and Muslims in the Baltic Rim; images and stereotypes of the Other. The volume thus presents a previously neglected field of research that will help nuance the overall picture of interreligious relations in medieval Europe.
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- Adams, Jonathan, 1971-
(author)
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Birgitta and Bernard : Five Old Swedish Fragments in the Danish National Archives
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Danish National Archives in Copenhagen houses several thousand manuscript fragments, the remains of numerous works that were cut up and used in the bindings of later books. The majority of these fragments are written in Latin, Middle Low German, or Danish, although a few in Old Swedish also survive. Five of these Old Swedish fragments are published and discussed in this article. They contain parts of two of St Birgitta’s Revelations (Liber Caelestis) and of St Bernard’s A Rule of Good Life (Ad sororem modus bene vivendi in christianam religionem), known in Old Swedish as Ett gudhelikt lifwærne. The Birgittine texts are from an early stage of the retranslation process when compared to other extant versions and include several unique wordings that demonstrate the specific use of the original manuscript in a monastic environment. The Bernard fragments are one of just two extant versions and appear to predate the version in Stockholm, Royal Library, A 9; as such, they are an important witness to the propagation of the saint’s writings in Sweden.
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- Adams, Jonathan, 1971-
(author)
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Birgitta and Bernard : Two Saints and Five Old Swedish Fragments in the Danish National Archives
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Scandinavian Studies. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2191-9399 .- 2191-9402. ; 47:2, s. 263-290
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Danish National Archives in Copenhagen houses several thousand manuscript fragments, the remains of numerous works that were cut up and used in the bindings of later books. The majority of these fragments are written in Latin, Middle Low German, or Danish, although a few in Old Swedish also survive. Five of these Old Swedish fragments are published and discussed in this article. They contain parts of two of St Birgitta’s Revelations (Liber Caelestis and Revelationes Extravagantes) and of St Bernard’s A Rule of Good Life (Ad sororem modus bene vivendi in christianam religionem). The Birgittine texts are from an early stage of the retranslation process when compared to other extant versions and include several unique wordings that demonstrate the specific use of the original manuscript in a monastic environment. The Bernard fragments are one of just two extant versions and may predate the version in Stockholm, Royal Library, A 9; as such, they are an important witness to the propagation of the saint’s writings in Sweden.
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- Adams, Jonathan, 1971-
(author)
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Fjerne spejle : Jøder og muslimer i østnordisk litteratur
- 2015
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In: Årsskrift for Det Unge Akademi. - København : Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. ; , s. 10-13
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- De fleste studier om jøder, muslimer og kristne i middelalderens Europa fokuserer på de områder, hvor de levede sammen. Behandlingen af de ikke-kristne i de komplekse spændinger mellem kirken og de sekulære myndigheder danner kernen i disse studier, som fx sigter på at undersøge de spontane udbrud af antijødisk vold i dele af Central- og Vesteuropa eller virkeligheden bag den fredelige sameksistens, ”convivencia”, i Spanien. Følgerne af bl.a. korstogene, pesten, økonomisk nedtur samt politisk og social uro i disse områder regnes som de vigtigste faktorer i de skiftende forhold mellem de tre grupper naboer. Forholdene påvirkede også de skriftlige fremstillinger, da litteratur i middelalderen ligesom nu var et af de vigtigste midler, hvorved man udtrykte sin verdensopfattelse og skabte mening og struktur i det omkringliggende samfund. Disse tekster giver en et vigtigt indblik i, hvordan kristne europæere tænkte og hvad der optog dem.
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- Adams, Jonathan, 1971-
(author)
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The Revelations of St Birgitta : A Study and Edition of the Birgittine-Norwegian Texts, Swedish National Archives, E 8902
- 2015
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In The Revelations of St Birgitta: A Study and Edition of the Birgittine-Norwegian Texts, Swedish National Archives, E 8902, Jonathan Adams offers a detailed analysis of the manuscript and its contents as well as a new edition of this puzzling text. The Birgittine-Norwegian texts are very distinctive from the main Birgittine vernacular corpus of literature and have taxed scholars for decades as to why and for whom they were written.The linguistic study of the manuscript is combined with contextual and historical information in order to reinforce the arguments made and offer explanations within a cultural context. This provides a welcome new dimension to earlier research that has otherwise been pursued to a large degree within a single academic discipline. CONTENTS Table of contentsList of FiguresList of TablesAcknowledgementsList of Abbreviations I Background 1 St Birgitta and her Revelations1.1 Why St Birgitta?1.2 The life of St Birgitta1.3 The Revelations of St Birgitta (Latin tradition)1.4 The Revelations of St Birgitta (Swedish tradition)1.5 This book 2 Textual history of the vernacular Scandinavian manuscripts2.1 Extant Swedish manuscripts2.1.1 Swedish retranslation2.2 Other Scandinavian manuscripts2.2.1 Old Danish2.2.2 Middle Norwegian2.3 Summary 3 Birgitta and Norway3.1 Towards Nordic union in the fourteenth century: Royalty and the nobility3.2 Birgitta’s own personal contacts with Norway3.3 Birgitta’s family connections with Norway3.4 The Birgittine Movement in Norway and Munkeliv3.5 Summary 4 Summary of previous research into the manuscript4.1 Gustaf E. Klemming4.2 Robert Geete4.3 Knut B. Westman4.4 Vilhelm Gödel4.5 Salomon Kraft4.6 Marius Sandvei4.7 Didrik Arup Seip4.8 Elias Gustaf Adolf Wessén4.9 Lars Wollin4. 10 Lennart Moberg4.11 Hans Torben Gilkær4.12 General evaluation of earlier theories II Manuscript 5 Manuscript description5.1 Date and origin5.2 Provenance5.3 Contents5.4 Make-up and description5.4.1 Foliation5.4.2 Materials and dimensions5.4.3 Quiring5.4.4 Ruling and pricking5.4.5 Catchwords5.5 Script5.5.1 Scribal characteristics5.5.2 Abbreviations5.5.3 Punctuation5.5.4 Hyphenation and Word Division5.5.5 Spacing5.5.6 Rubrics and Guide Letters5.5.7 Marginal Notes5.6 Binding5.7 Damage5.8 Scribal error III Language 6 Lexicon: idiosyncracies, foreign influence, and dialectal forms6.1 Hapax Legomena6.1.1 *drøvuker6.1.2 *iakilse and *iatilse6.1.3 *nidherflytilse6.1.4 *solbadh6.1.5 *spailse6.1.6 *søkiarinna6.1.7 *unsæld6.1.8 *urfamse/orfamse6.1.9 Distribution6.1.10 Discussion6.2 Middle Low German loanwords6.2.1 Unbound Morphemes6.2.2 Bound Morphemes6.2.3 Summary6.3 Latin words and phrases in E 89026.3.1 Adjectives and Common Nouns6.3.2 Proper Nouns6.4 Vadstenaspråk-like, Östgötska, and Danish features 7 Language mixture in medieval Scandinavian manuscripts7.1 Causes of Swedish influence on Norwegian in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries7.1.1 Early definitions7.1.2 The problem of defining “norm” in the context of Old Norwegian 7.1.3 Internal causes of mixture7.1.4 External causes of mixture7.1.5 A diglossic situation in late medieval Norway?7.2. Intentional types of language mixture in medieval Scandinavian manuscripts7.2.1 Terminology7.2.2 Summary7.3 Causes of unintentional language mixture (“interference”) in medieval Scandinavian manuscripts7.3.1 Scribe’s own idiolect7.3.2 Scribe’s own dialect7.3.3 Dialect of the original7.3.4 Dialect of the area7.3.5 Norm of the genre7.3.6 Norm of the scriptorium7.3.7 Audience7.3.8 Summary7.4 Concluding remarks 8 Analysis of language mixture in E 89028.1 The use of statistics in literary research8.2 The diagnostic test features for E 8902 8.2.1 Diagnostic test feature A: Progressive i-mutation8.2.2 Diagnostic test feature B: Itacism8.2.3 Diagnostic test feature C: Diphthongisation8.2.4 Diagnostic test feature D: Monophthongisation8.2.5 Diagnostic test feature E: Vowel merger8.2.6 Diagnostic test feature F: Elision8.2.7 Diagnostic test feature G: Dental assimilation8.2.8 Diagnostic test feature H: First person singular pronoun8.2.9 Diagnostic test feature I: Relative particle8.2.10 Diagnostic test feature J: Anglo-Saxon letter forms8.3 Statistical procedure8.3.1 Total number of occurrences and proportion8.3.2 Rate of occurrence8.3.3 Ellegård’s distinctiveness ratio8.3.4 Testing for significance8.3.5 Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient8.3.6 Summary8.4 Language mixture8.4.1 Findings of the statistical analysis of language mixture8.5 Miscellaneous south-eastern Norwegian Forms8.5.1 The intrusive svarabhakti vowel8.5.2 Metaphony8.5.3 Metathesis of “vr”8.6 Summary of hand mixture types8.6.1 Hand 18.6.2 Hand 28.6.3 Hand 38.6.4 Hand 48.7 Summary of linguistic analysis 9 Conclusion9.1 Summary of aims, methods, and findings9.2 Writing E 8902 9.2.1 Scribes9.2.2 Language9.2.3 Place of composition9.2.4 The manuscript’s place in the Swedish tradition9.3 Contents and audience IV Edition 10 Text and commentary10.1 Editorial procedure10.2 Transcription 11 Commentary, references, and indexes11.1 Commentary and references11.2 Index of names and places in E 8902 BibliographyIndex
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