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- Blomberg, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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The role of affective meaning, semantic associates, and orthographic neighbours in modulating the N400 in single words
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Mental Lexicon. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1871-1340 .- 1871-1375. ; 15:2, s. 161-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The N400 has been seen to be larger for concrete than abstract words, and for pseudowords than real words. Using a word vector analysis to calculate semantic associates (SA), as well as ratings for emotional arousal (EA), and a measure of orthographic neighbourhood (ON), the present study investigated the relation between these factors and N400 amplitudes during a lexical decision task using Swedish word stimuli. Four noun categories differing in concreteness: specific (squirrel), GENERAL (animal) emotional (happiness) and abstract (tendency) were compared with pseudowords (danalod). Results showed that N400 amplitudes increased in the order emotional < abstract < GENERAL < specific < PSEUDOWORD. A regression analysis showed that the amplitude of the N400 decreased the more semantic associates a word had and the higher the rating for emotional arousal it had. The N400 also increased the more orthographic neighbours a word had. Results provide support for the hierarchical organisation of concrete words assumed in lexical semantics. They also demonstrate how affective information facilitates meaning processing.
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- Ambrazaitis, Gilbert, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Word prominence ratings in Swedish television news readings : Effects of pitch accents and head movements
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody. - : International Speech Communication Association. - 2333-2042. ; , s. 314-318, s. 314-318
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prosodic prominence is a multimodal phenomenon where pitch accents are frequently aligned with visible movements by the hands, head, or eyebrows. However, little is known about how such movements function as visible prominence cues in multimodal speech perception with most previous studies being restricted to experimental settings. In this study, we are piloting the acquisition of multimodal prominence ratings for a corpus of natural speech (Swedish television news readings). Sixteen short video clips (218 words) of news readings were extracted from a larger corpus and rated by 44 native Swedish adult volunteers using a web-based set-up. The task was to rate each word in a clip as either non-prominent, moderately prominent or strongly prominent based on audiovisual cues. The corpus was previously annotated for pitch accents and head movements. We found that words realized with a pitch accent and head movement tended to receive higher prominence ratings than words with a pitch accent only. However, we also examined ratings for a number of carefully selected individual words, and these case studies suggest that ratings are affected by complex relations between the presence of a head movement and its type of alignment, the word's F0 profile, and semantic and pragmatic factors.
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- Wengelin, Åsa, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing writers’ typing while visually attending the emerging text: a methodological approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: Reading and writing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-4777 .- 1573-0905. ; 37, s. 265-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about writers’ eye movements and their effects on the writing process, and its product—the finally edited text—is still limited. Previous research has demonstrated that there are differences between reading texts written by someone else and reading one’s own emerging text and that writers frequently look back into their own texts (Torrance et al. in Psychol Res Psychologische Forschung 80(5):729–743, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-015-0683-8). For handwriting, Alamargot et al. (Writing and cognition: research and applications. Elsevier Science, pp 13–29, 2007) found support that these lookbacks could occur in parallel with transcription, but to our knowledge this type of parallel processing has not been explored further, and definitely not in the context of computer writing. Considering that language production models are moving away from previous sequential or serial models (e.g., Levelt in Speaking from intentions to articulation. MIT Press, 1989) towards models in which linguistic processes can operate in parallel (Olive in J Writ Res, 2014. https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2014.06.02.4), this is slightly surprising. In the present paper, we introduce a methodological approach to examine writers’ parallel processing in which we take our point of departure in visual attention rather than in the keystrokes. Capitalizing on New ScriptLog’s feature to link gaze with typing across different functional units in the writing task, we introduce and describe a method to capture and examine sequences of typing during fixations, outline how these can be examined in relation to each other, and test our approach by exploring typing during fixations in a text composition task with 14 competent adult writers.
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- Hjortdal, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Phonetic and phonological cues to prediction : Neurophysiology of Danish stød
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Phonetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0095-4470. ; 94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A corpus study and a combined behavioural and neurophysiological study tested how phonetic and phonological features of the Danish creaky voice feature ‘stød’ influence predictive processing. Being associated with certain word endings, stød and its modal voice counterpart non-stød can cue upcoming speech. Stød has two phases. The first shows phonetic differences in pitch while the second, characterised by creaky voice, has been interpreted as the phonological stød proper. Participants listened to nouns cross-spliced between the two stød phases and between stem and a following singular or plural suffix. Suffixes invalidly cued by phonological stød or non-stød showed longer response times and N400 and P600 effects, the former suggesting that stød/non-stød are becoming grammaticalized as singular and plural morphemes. Even subtle phonetic differences preceding stød proper increased response times, but N400 and P600 amplitudes were not significantly increased. Results suggest predictive use of both phonetic and phonological features, but that phonological stød cues override phonetic cues. The corpus study indicated that word beginnings with stød are less frequent and have fewer possible continuations than non-stød. Stød yielded increased negativity 280–430 ms after stød proper onset, which might be interpreted as a pre-activation negativity for the more predictively useful cue.
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