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- Backe-Forsberg, Yvonne, 1946-
(författare)
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Crossing the Bridge : An Interpretation of the Archaeological Remains in the Etruscan Bridge Complex at San Giovenale, Etruria
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis discusses the archaeological remains in the Etruscan bridge complex, found during the excavations at San Giovenale in 1959–1963, and 1999. The aim has been to reach a holistic perspective of the bridge complex with the bridge seen as a link between topography, economy, social relationships, politics, symbols and ritual, reflecting its importance for the whole community at San Giovenale and its surroundings. Situated at the border between the two largest city-states Tarquinia and Caere, the site seems to have been an important middle range transit town for foreign ideas, goods and people. The character of the remains and the various levels of contextual analyses made it possible to distinguish five distinctive functions for the structures at the bridge over the Pietrisco. From a more generalised point of view these suggested that specialized functions may be divided into practical, social and symbolic functions and these aspects have been of help in identifying an object or a structure. Besides practical functions of everyday use, economic and strategic functions have also been considered. These functions were more or less in use contemporaneously, at least during several hundred years, from about the middle of the 6th down to the first century B.C. Pottery and small finds show that some activity has taken place at the site from the 9th century. Features of continuity, such as in the choice of crossing, the direction of the bridge construction after its destruction, the architectural ground-plans, the use of basins and a well, pottery fabrics of local and Greek imports and shapes, as well as changes in ground-plans, slight changes in the environment due to water erosion, earth-quakes and slides, have been observed. The physical as well as the liminal boundary between land and water as well as between man and spirits was accentuated by the tufa building, the water installations, and the road at the northern abutment. The thesis raises the hypothesis that the Etruscans believed that a crossing of a river via a bridge could violate the spirits of nature on land and in the water and therefore special rites were needed to restore the balance between nature and man before entering the bridge in order to reach safely at the other side of the ravine. The bridge itself can be seen as sacred, a liminal area where time and space do not exist and a place where it is easy to gain contact with the supernatural world.
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| 2. |
- Gerding, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The stone doors of the Erechtheion
- 2014
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Ingår i: ΛΑΒΡΥΣ : studies presented to Pontus Hellström - studies presented to Pontus Hellström. - 0346-6442 .- 0346-5462. - 9789155488314 ; 35, s. 251-269
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Lars, 1957-
(författare)
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Hut Architecture, 10th cent.-730 BCE
- 2017
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Ingår i: Etruscology. - Boston/Berlin : Walter de Gruyter. - 9781934078488 ; , s. 723-738
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Labraunda 2011 : A preliminary report on the Swedish excavations with an appendix by R. Hedlund
- 2012
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Ingår i: Opuscula. - Stockholm : Svenska Institutet i Athen och Svenska Institutet i Rom. - 2000-0898. ; 5, s. 49-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main goals of the 2011 campaign were the excavation of the Kepez tower, the West Church and the necropoleis. The tower of Kepez was excavated and black-gloss pottery indicates a date in the 3rd century BC. The 2011 excavations in the West Church uncovered three Late Roman and Byzantine building phases. Among the finds from Late Antiquity was a well-preserved glass lamp with a Greek inscription and a marble figurine, possibly representing an apostle or a saint. The excavations in the necropolis uncovered eleven tombs in the Area 5B, located along the Sacred Way, completing the excavation initiated in 2010. New tombs were discovered in the territory east and south of the sanctuary. Finally, the three stone sarcophagi inside the Built Tomb were moved in order to facilitate complete excavation and the cleaning of all the interior space of this monumental tomb. The conservation of architectural marble was continued and included the conservation of an Ionic column capital and an anta capital from Andron B. Thomas Thieme and Pontus Hellstrom prepared the publication of the andrones.
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
- Roos, Paavo, et al.
(författare)
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Göktepe in Caria
- 2014
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Ingår i: Labrys: Studies presented to Pontus Hellström. - 0346-6442 .- 0346-5462. - 9789155488314 ; :35, s. 497-505
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Roos, Paavo, et al.
(författare)
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The stadion at Labraunda
- 2011
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Ingår i: Labraunda and Karia : Proceedings of the International Symposium commemorating sixty years of Swedish Archaeological work in Labraunda - Proceedings of the International Symposium commemorating sixty years of Swedish Archaeological work in Labraunda. - 0346-6442. - 9789155479978 ; 32, s. 257-266
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Rystedt, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Looking (again) at the grave stelai of Smyrna
- 2014
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Ingår i: LABRYS : Studies presented to Pontus Hellström - Studies presented to Pontus Hellström. - 0346-6442 .- 0346-5462. - 9789155488314 ; 35, s. 289-299
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
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| 10. |
- Tobin, Fredrik, 1980-
(författare)
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The Chamber Tombs of San Giovenale and the Funerary Landscapes of South Etruria
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is the first comprehensive examination of the Etruscan chamber tombs at San Giovenale. By compiling all the published data and conducting a field survey, 290 tombs have now been documented at the site. Of these, 224 have never before been published. The primary purpose of the study is to examine three aspects of the chamber tombs: their architecture, the traces of activities connected with them, and their relationship with the landscape.By comparing the architecture of these 290 tombs to those found at other sites in south Etruria, rough dates can be assigned to them. The earliest securely dated tombs belong to the 7th century BC and the latest to the 4th century BC. The tombs provide evidence that San Giovenale was not abandoned around 500 BC, as some scholars have claimed. The architecture also provides insight into how the tombs were used. Modifications made to the tombs reveal that they were revisited and modified for new uses over several generations, which is confirmed by the already-published pottery. Ramps and stairs leading up to the top of the tombs suggest that activities took place not only inside the chamber but also outside.An analysis of the location of the tombs demonstrates that the earliest ones were positioned on topographically privileged spots such as the edges of plateaus and the tops of hillocks. From the 6th century BC onward, they are also found further down the slopes of the ravines. From as early as the 7th century BC, many different locations at the site were used for burials concurrently. Moreover, the largest tombs are not found grouped together at one location, but rather are scattered among the necropoleis. This spatial organization is likely the result of different families or groups of families each using their own location to bury their dead.
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