| 1. |
- Nadeau, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Protein quality of grass silage as affected by silage additives and its effects on dairy cow performance
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 93, s. 206-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of improved protein quality of grass silage by additive use on dairy cow intake and performance. Grass from the first regrowth was wilted to 33% DM before being precision chopped and treated with the inoculant Kofasil Duo (Lactobacillus plantarum/Lactobacillus buchneri, 200,000 cfu/g) or with the chemical additive Kofasil Ultra K (sodium nitrite, hexamine, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and sodium propionate, 2 L/T, Addcon Europe GmbH), which were compared with a control without additive. The forage was ensiled in hard-pressed round bales before being fed to 48 dairy cows (150 DIM) in a continuous trial for 9 wk using 8 cows per treatment. Cows were blocked according to breed, parity, DIM and milk yield. The silage contained 15% CP, 47% NDF, 3.3% WSC, 8.2% lactic acid, 2.1% acetic acid and 0.25% NH3-N of DM with minor differences between treatments. Rumen undegradable protein (RUP) of the silage at 5% passage rate was 22, 23 and 24% of CP for control (C), inoculant (I) and salt-based (S) additive, respectively. Diets were isonitrogenous (15.1% of DM) and isoenergetic (11.4 MJ/kg DM) varying in RUP (4.7% (high) and 2.5% (low) of DM). Concentrate UDP was 2.9 and 8.6% of DM. Dietary forage proportion of the TMR was 58% of DM. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with RUP, silage and week as fixed factors and block as a random factor. High RUP diet had higher milk yield than low RUP diet (29.4 vs. 27.9 kg; P < 0.05). The DM intake was not affected by RUP and silage treatment. Yields of milk and ECM were higher for the I and S diets than for the C diet at low RUP (28.9 vs. 26.0 kg milk, P < 0.01; 30.6 vs. 27.1 kg ECM, P < 0.001) whereas there was no effect of additive treatment in the high RUP diet. Milk fat and protein did not differ between silage treatments. Feed efficiency was higher for the I and S diets than for the C diet at the low RUP (1.6 vs. 1.3 kg of ECM/kg DM intake, P < 0.001) but not at the high RUP. The increased milk yield and feed efficiency when fed a diet with low RUP can partly be explained by increased RUP of the I and S silages.
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| 6. |
- Mattsson, Eskil, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon stock and tree diversity of dry-zone homegardens in southern Sri Lanka
- 2014
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts - World Congress on Agroforestry.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tropical homegardens hold a large potential for climate change mitigation and adaptation due to their multi-functional role in providing income and ecosystem services while decreasing pressure on natural forests. However, there is still lack of quantitative data on homegardens and their landscape potential for carbon sequestration services. In this study, tree diversity and above-ground biomass carbon of woody species was estimated on dry-zone homegardens in the dry south-eastern part of Sri Lanka. A total of 45 homegardens were sampled on size, floristic composition of trees, diameter at breast height (GBH) and height of trees. In total, 4278 trees were sampled and 82 different tree species were recorded. The Shannon Wiener index used to evaluate biodiversity ranged from 0.76–3.01 with a mean value of 2.05. Using allometric models, we find a mean above-ground biomass stock of 13 Mg carbon (C) ha-1 with a large range among homegardens (1–56 Mg C ha-1, n=45) due to a variation of tree diversity, species and composition between individual homegardens. Per unit area basis, mean above ground carbon stock was higher in small homegardens (<0.2 ha, 26 Mg C ha-1, n=11) than medium (0.4–0.8 ha, 9 Mg C ha-1 n=27) and large (>1 ha, 8 Mg C ha-1, n=7) homegardens due to a higher tree density. The results show a vast heterogeneity in terms of carbon and biological diversity within the dry zone homegardens; results that will contribute to closing the knowledge gap of the less studied dry-zone homegarden systems and their functions in storing carbon and providing multi-functional benefits to its users. The results are also useful for whether homegardens should directly or indirectly be considered to be included as an activity within Sri Lanka’s newly commenced UN-REDD National Programme.
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| 7. |
- Mogren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Placed Nitrogen Starter Fertilizer Strategy for Field Grown Iceberg Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 936, s. 299-304
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) has been shown to be a potential source of nitrogen (N) leaching to ground water. Growers are concerned that reduced levels of N will lead to reduced yield and lowered quality. Experiments with a wide range of N levels the previous season showed that placed N fertilizer at planting had potential to reduce total N levels needed. This project was designed to verify these findings with use of commercially used, and lower, levels on N. The N content in the lettuce dry material at harvest and the N content in the soil profile (N-min) at several stages during the season were studied. By using placed starter N fertilizer, the total amount of N applied could be reduced by more than 25% without loss in yield or lowered quality. By using this strategy the risk of N leaching from the field could be significantly reduced at planting, during growth and after harvest.
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| 9. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Forest Observatories Network : A MAPE-K Architecture Based Approach for Detecting and Monitoring Forest Damage
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Conference Digital solutions for detecting and monitoring forest damage.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forests are essential for life, providing various ecological, social, and economic benefits worldwide. However, one of the main challenges faced by the world is the forest damage caused by biotic and abiotic factors. In any case, the forest damages threaten the environment, biodiversity, and ecosystem. Climate change and anthropogenic activities, such as illegal logging and industrial waste, are among the principal elements contributing to forest damage. To achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to forests and climate change, detecting and analyzing forest damages, and taking appropriate measures to prevent or reduce the damages are essential. To that end, we envision establishing a Smart Forest Observatories (SFOs) network, as shown below, which can be either a local area or a wide area network involving remote forests. The basic idea is to use Monitor, Analyze, Plan, Execute, and Knowledge (MAPE-K) architecture from autonomic computing and self-adaptive software systems domain to design and develop the SFOs network. The SFOs are planned to collect, analyze, and share the collected data and analysis results using state-of-the-art methods. The principal objective of the SFOs network is to provide accurate and real-time data to policymakers and forest managers, enabling them to develop effective policies and management strategies for global forest conservation that help to achieve SDGs related to forests and climate change.
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| 10. |
- Carvalho, Ricardo, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Household Bioenergy Transitions with Alternative Biomass Feedstocks and Technologies: An Integrated System to Mitigate Environmental Risks in Western Kenya
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Kenya, over 50% of the total primary energy consumption is from traditional solid-fuel cooking, being this a major cause of deforestation and household air pollution (HAP). Western Kenya has an agricultural biofuel feedstock of over 1.9 million Mt, which could be processed to supply cookstoves with crop-residue pellets and improved wood fallows. The sociotechnical viability of two novel bioenergy value chains were analysed using the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning system. Three scenarios of transition to efficient cookstoves and decentralized biofuel and electricity production systems were tested. In the “Optimal scenario”, the current feedstock in the Kisumu and Siaya counties could satisfy over 80% of the cooking energy demand by 2030. Here, the net greenhouse gas emissions from charcoal production and HAP could be reduced by 87% to 12.6 thousand Mt CO2e. Further work should integrate socioeconomic indicators reflecting additional local/regional stakeholders´ collaboration channels (cost-effective) to support the bioenergy transitions.
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