| 1. |
- Aliakbari, Massume, et al.
(författare)
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Rubisco activase A (RcaA) is a central node in overlapping gene network of drought and salinity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and may contribute to combined stress tolerance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant physiology and biochemistry (Paris). - : Elsevier. - 0981-9428 .- 1873-2690. ; 161, s. 248-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-occurrence of abiotic stresses, especially drought and salinity, is a natural phenomenon in field conditions and is worse for crop production than any single stress. Nowadays, rigorous methods of meta-analysis and systems biology have made it possible to perform cross-study comparisons of single stress experiments, which can uncover main overlapping mechanisms underlying tolerance to combined stress. In this study, a meta-analysis of RNA-Seq data was conducted to obtain the overlapping gene network of drought and salinity stresses in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), which identified Rubisco activase A (RcaA) as a hub gene in the dual-stress response. Thereafter, a greenhouse experiment was carried out using two barley genotypes with different abiotic stress tolerance and evaluated several physiochemical properties as well as the expression profile and protein activity of RcaA. Finally, machine learning analysis was applied to uncover relationships among combined stress tolerance and evaluated properties. We identified 441 genes which were differentially expressed under both drought and salinity stress. Results revealed that the photosynthesis pathway and, in particular, the RcaA gene are major components of the dual-stress responsive transcriptome. Comparative physiochemical and molecular evaluations further confirmed that enhanced photosynthesis capability, mainly through regulation of RcaA expression and activity as well as accumulation of proline content, have a significant association with combined drought and salinity stress tolerance in barley. Overall, our results clarify the importance of RcaA in combined stress tolerance and may provide new insights for future investigations.
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| 2. |
- Chawade, Aakash, et al.
(författare)
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Global expression profiling of low temperature induced genes in the chilling tolerant japonica rice jumli marshi
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:12, s. e81729-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperature is a key factor that limits growth and productivity of many important agronomical crops worldwide. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is negatively affected already at temperatures below +10°C and is therefore denoted as chilling sensitive. However, chilling tolerant rice cultivars exist and can be commercially cultivated at altitudes up to 3,050 meters with temperatures reaching as low as +4°C. In this work, the global transcriptional response to cold stress (+4°C) was studied in the Nepalese highland variety Jumli Marshi (spp. japonica) and 4,636 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed within 24 hours of cold stress. Comparison with previously published microarray data from one chilling tolerant and two sensitive rice cultivars identified 182 genes differentially expressed (DE) upon cold stress in all four rice cultivars and 511 genes DE only in the chilling tolerant rice. Promoter analysis of the 182 genes suggests a complex cross-talk between ABRE and CBF regulons. Promoter analysis of the 511 genes identified over-represented ABRE motifs but not DRE motifs, suggesting a role for ABA signaling in cold tolerance. Moreover, 2,101 genes were DE in Jumli Marshi alone. By chromosomal localization analysis, 473 of these cold responsive genes were located within 13 different QTLs previously identified as cold associated.
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| 3. |
- Lindblom, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Decision Making in Agriculture : Farmers' Lifeworld in Theory and Practice
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The challenges facing the agriculture sector are immense and a wide range of factors and demands influence it on both local and global level. Making decisions under such circumstances is a complex and delicate task in which goal conflicts cannot easily be resolved. This puts farmers in a rather difficult position as it is impossible for a single individual to make informed and appropriate decisions, which strongly emphasizes the need for an increased collaboration between farmers and other actors in the agricultural sector. This paper aims to explore in more detail farmers' lifeworld which refers to their social environment and working life. Particular focus will be on the socially situated organization of collaborative activities in farmers' lifeworld and the ways in which technologies and artifacts can be present in practical action. For instance, agricultural advisory situations can be considered complex social systems where people with different backgrounds, experiences, and expectations collaborate by means of a wide range of artifacts to develop some common understanding and shared knowledge. We suggest that theories of distributed and situated cognition and the methodologies that come with them are well suited to capture farmers' lifeworld and their daily working practices. Material from an ongoing workplace study will be used for illustration purposes to provide concrete examples.
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| 4. |
- Lindblom, Jessica, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Lantbrukares beslutsfattande och lantbruksrådgivning : en förstudie (DEMIPROF)
- 2014
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syftet med förstudien var att minska kunskapsgapet gällande lantbrukares beslutsfattande med målet att erhålla en djupare förståelse för lantbrukarnas beslutsfattande i praktiken. Lantbrukares beslutsfattande är en process som influeras av en mängd olika faktorer och som kräver att de är insatta i många spe-cialiserade områden. Tidigare forskning inom området saknar ett helhetsperspektiv där både biologiska, tekniska, ekonomiska, etiska och sociala faktorer integreras utifrån lantbrukarnas livsvärld. Tre lantbrukare från Västsverige har ingått i studien, vilken har utförts som en multipel fallstudie, i form av arbetsplatsstudier, för att kartlägga de deltagande lantbrukarnas livsvärld, stödet från rådgivarna och diverse externa resurser t ex IT-verktyg. Denna kvalitativa forskningsdesign har resulterat i ett flertal detaljerade beskrivningar av hur val och beslut fattas på gårdsnivå än vad som är möjligt med mer kvantitativa metoder och statistisk analys av socioekonomiska variabler. Enligt forskare inom området ”farm management” saknas denna form av studier inom lantbruksdomänen och denna studie anses vara ett första steg i den riktningen. I rapporten lyfts ett antal faktorer fram gällande lantbrukarens livsvärld, rådgivningens roll samt IT-stödens inverkan och andra materiella artefakter. Rapporten presenterar en diskussion över det erhållna resultatet, olika synsätt och förklaringar till kunskap och tänkande samt ger förslag på fortsatt forskning. Rapporten avslutas med en mängd slutsatser, vilka kortfattat indikerar att lantbrukarens varande i världen är komplext och kan beskrivas som ett dynamiskt system utan tydliga linjära orsakssamband, vilket både är fascinerande och frusterande. Rådgivningstjänsten anses främst vara en stödfunktion och bollplank för mer löpande beslut gällande grödor, sprutning och gödsling medan de mer större och strategiska besluten initialt diskuteras i andra nätverk. Rådgivningen bedöms behöva utvecklas genom att gå lite mer utanför den ordinarie verksamheten och ta lite mer höjd på ett mer strategiskt plan för gården som helhet samt ytterligare ifrågasätta gängse rutiner och åtgärder.
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| 5. |
- Lindblom, Jessica, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting sustainable intensification in precision agriculture : review of decision support systems development and strategies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Precision Agriculture. - : Springer. - 1385-2256 .- 1573-1618. ; 18:3, s. 309-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision agriculture provides important issues toward a more sustainable agriculture. Many farmers have the necessary technology to operate site-specifically, but they do not use it in practice, and thus available information and communications technology(ICT) systems are not used to their full potential. This paper addresses how to reduce the so-called ‘‘problem of implementation’’, based on the knowledge that participatory approaches during the design and development process is one of the most important factors to frame technology adoption. The development of sustainable ICT systems through theories and methodologies from the fields of human computer interaction and user-centered design (UCD) is presented and an ongoing Swedish project for development of an agricultural decision support system (AgriDSS) for nitrogen fertilization is used as an example to frame the issue. The overreaching aim is to develop AgriDSSs that are sustainable in design as well as through design by stressing the importance of participatory approaches for the successful development of AgriDSSs. The Swedish project has the intention to apply a UCD approach, and some pitfalls on starting to use this way of working is identified as well as some suggestions on how to reduce them through co-learning processes. Despite the challenges presented in this paper, ICT can contribute significantly to long-term sustainable development. Thus, several competences and scientific disciplines need to act in concert to help develop a sustainable development of agriculture via a transdisciplinary approach that can make an impact on society at many levels.
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| 6. |
- Lundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Considering farmers' situated knowledge of using agricultural decision support systems (AgriDSS) to Foster farming practices : The case of CropSAT
- 2018
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Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier. - 0308-521X .- 1873-2267. ; 159, s. 9-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision agriculture is an important part of the sustainable intensification of agriculture, where information and communications technology and other technologies are necessary, but not sufficient for sustainable farming systems. The technology must fit into farmers' practice and be handled by their experienced-based, situated knowledge in order to contribute to increased sustainability in their farming. This study analysed the relationship between farmers' experience-based situated knowledge and the use of agricultural decision support systems in order to develop care by farmers in their practice. The theoretical framework of distributed cognition was used as a lens when investigating and analysing farmers' use of an agricultural decision support system called CropSAT developed for calculation of variable rate application files for nitrogen fertilisation from satellite images. In the case study, the unit of analysis was broadened to the whole socio-technical system of farmers' decision-making and learning, including other people and different kinds of tools and artefacts. The results revealed that social contexts could support farmers' development of cognitive strategies for use of agricultural decision support systems, e.g. CropSAT, and could thus facilitate decision-making and learning through development of enhanced professional vision that hopefully may increase farmers' situated knowledge and care in PA.
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| 7. |
- Lundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Motivations and needs for adoption of the agricultural decision support system CropSAT in advisory services
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agricultural Extension. - : EScience Press. - 2311-8547 .- 2311-6110. ; , s. 71-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents several strategies employed by advisors in relation to the use of a Swedish agricultural decision support system (AgriDSS) called CropSAT, which is free to use and funded by the Swedish Board of Agriculture. The research questions for the study were: How is extension affected and possibly altered when provided with CropSAT? 2) How can advisory strategies in relation to PA technology use be categorised? Fourteen crop production advisors were interviewed, and the collected data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed four different extension strategies in relation to CropSAT use: 1) I do not use it, 2) I use it if I have to, 3) I use it myself and tell the farmer how to fertilise, and 4) I use it with the farmer. The obtained results indicate that the strategies selected by the advisors varied based on the requests and needs of farmers, the advisors’ personal interests and competences, CropSAT functionality, and uncertainty about how to use it in practice. When using an AgriDSS such as CropSAT in advisory situations, the complexity increases because there are more parameters to consider, and thus it could be experienced as more difficult to make proper decisions. As a result of the combination of technology and agronomy, the advisors requested more support. We argue that this request must be met by research, the authorities and the companies responsible for developing the AgriDSS. We claim that in order to increase the use of AgriDSS to optimise crop treatment at the right time and on the smallest possible scale, there is a need for a change in mind-set by among both advisors and farmers in order to increase sustainability in agriculture.
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| 8. |
- Lundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Some considerations about the development and implementation process of a new agricultural decision support system for site-specific fertilization
- 2015
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Ingår i: Precision agriculture ’15. - Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086862672 - 9789086868148 ; , s. 437-444
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision agriculture provides important routes toward a more sustainable agriculture. Many farmers have the necessary technology to operate site-specifically, but they do not use it in practice, and available IT systems are not used to their full potential. This paper discusses how to reduce the so-called ‘implementation problem’ in order to improve the ongoing development process of a webbased fertilization project in Sweden. The intention of the project is to apply a participatory design approach, and some pitfalls on starting to use this approach in the development and implementation process are identified as well as some suggestions on how to reduce them.
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| 9. |
- Piikki, Kristin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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The open-top chamber impact on vapour pressure deficit and its consequences for stomatal ozone uptake
- 2008
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 42:26, s. 6513-6522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in open-top chambers (OTCs) was analysed in relation to time of day and ambient meteorology. Effects of observed VPD differences (ΔVPD) between OTCs and the ambient air (AA) on stomatal conductance (gs) were simulated using 10 model functions from the literature. The dataset originated from 17 OTC crop experiments performed in Belgium, Germany and Sweden. ΔVPD is the resulting difference between the OTC effect on es(T), which is the temperature-dependent saturation pressure of water vapour and the OTC effect on ea, which is the prevailing partial pressure of water vapour in the air (ΔVPD = Δes(T) − Δea). Both Δes(T) and Δea were positive during daylight hours. ΔVPD was small in comparison and sensitive to changes in Δes(T) or Δea. ΔVPD was negative between 07:30 and 10:30 and positive thereafter with a maximum at 20:30 (local time). The positive afternoon ΔVPD was due to an early decrease in Δea, probably caused by ceased transpiration, while the positive Δes(T) persisted throughout the evening, most likely because of restrained cooling in the OTCs. Both the negative morning ΔVPD and the positive evening ΔVPD were more pronounced during clear, warm and dry weather. Circumstances when VPD had a stronger limiting effect on gs inside the OTCs compared to in the ambient air coincided with high ambient ozone concentrations ([O3]). Calculated wheat O3 uptake over an [O3] threshold of 40 nmol mol−1 was reduced by 8.7% in OTCs, assuming that VPD was the only factor limiting gs and that gs was the only resistance for O3 uptake. VPD is one factor of considerable importance for gs and the OTC impact on VPD may contribute to an underestimation of O3 effects expressed in relation to the external O3 exposure.
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| 10. |
- Rahman, Motiur, et al.
(författare)
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A Biotechnological Approach for the Production of Red Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii Bolus)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nova Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences. - Canada : Nova Explore Publications. - 2292-793X .- 2292-793X. ; 2:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An in vitro propagation of a red Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) variety was achieved by culturing flower bud, leaf segments and flower stalk segments of 80 days old field grown plants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration (1.0-6.0 mg/l) of 6-benzyl adenine (BA) in combination with single concentration (1.0 mg/l) of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Lower concentration of BA (1.0 and 2.0 mg/l) with NAA induced the explants to form callus. On the other hand when the explants were cultured in higher concentration (5.0 mg/l) of BA produced shoots and 5.0 mg/l BA with 1.0 mg/l NAA was found to be the best for shoot proliferation of the three explants optimum response was obtained from flower buds. Further multiplication of shoots occurred upon transfer of shoot clumps to BA containing MS medium. Regenerated shoots were rooted in MS medium with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3-buteric acid (IBA) and maximum frequency (81%) of rooting with highest number (4) of roots per shoot was achieved in MS medium fortified with 0.3 mg/l IBA. The rooted shoots were acclimatized and successfully established in soil under natural environment with maximum 84% survivability.
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