| 1. |
- Engelsen Etterlin, Pernille, et al.
(författare)
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Osteochondrosis, Synovial Fossae, and Articular Indentations in the Talus and Distal Tibia of Growing Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars
- 2017
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Ingår i: Veterinary pathology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-9858 .- 1544-2217. ; 54:3, s. 445-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Articular osteochondrosis (OC) often develops in typical locations within joints, and the characterization of OC distribution in the pig tarsus is incomplete. Prevalence of OC is high in domestic pigs but is presumed to be low in wild boars. Postmortem and computed tomography (CT) examinations of the talus and distal tibia from 40 domestic pigs and 39 wild boars were evaluated for the locations and frequencies of OC, synovial fossae, and other articular indentations, and frequency distribution maps were made. All domestic pigs but only 5 wild boars (13%) had OC on the talus. In domestic pigs, OC consistently affected the axial aspect of the medial trochlea tali in 11 (28%) joints and the distomedial talus in 26 (65%) joints. In wild boars, all OC lesions consistently affected the distomedial talus. On the articular surface of the distal tibia, all domestic pigs and 34 wild boars (87%) had synovial fossae and 7 domestic pigs (18%) had superficial cartilage fibrillation opposite an OC lesion (kissing lesion). Other articular indentations occurred in the intertrochlear groove of the talus in all domestic pigs and 13 wild boars (33%) and were less common on the trochlea tali. The prevalence of tarsal OC in wild boars is low. In domestic pigs and wild boars, OC is typically localized to the distomedial talus and in domestic pigs also to the medial trochlea tali. Further investigations into the reasons for the low OC prevalence in wild boars may help in developing strategies to reduce OC incidence in domestic pigs.
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| 2. |
- Risling, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms of blast induced brain injuries
- 2008
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Ingår i: 38th NeuroSience Conference, Washington Convention Center, November 15–19, Washington DC, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Be circular – Från rötrester av svartvatten och köksavfall till flytande gödselmedel
- 2024
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Effektiv användning av ändliga resurser är ett av de främsta målen för en hållbar utveckling. I ett kretsloppsperspektiv skulle näringsrikt avloppsvatten och näring fastlagd i köksavfall kunna bli till flytande gödselmedel till hobbyodlare. Vår utgångspunkt var sidoströmmar från biogasproduktion, både svartvatten (d.v.s. toalettvatten) och den flytande fraktionen av köksavfall. I ett Partnerskap Alnarp projekt mellan SLU, AlnarpFoodTech Ek. för. och RecoLab vid NSVA i Helsingborg undersökte vi bland annat förbättringsområden för att ta fram en tillförlitlig och säker växtnäringsprodukt.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Emmoth, Eva
(författare)
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Virus inactivation : evaluation of processes used in biowaste management
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Animal by-products (ABP) Category 3 includes hatchery waste, and also slaughterhouse waste and manure, aimed for use in biogas production. In order to be used as fertilisers, they must be sanitised to reduce pathogenic microorganisms. The initial European regulations regarding processing standards for ABP intended for use in e.g. biogas plants (EC No. 1774/2002) stipulated thermal treatment at 70°C for 60 min. A subsequent amendment (EC No. 208/2006) stated that a validated treatment process may be used if it can show a reduction in thermo-resistant viruses of at least 3 log10, whenever deamed a risk. Thermal treatments of biogas substrate at 70°C and at 55°C, using porcine parvovirus and swine vesicular disease virus, were performed. As a chemical sanitisation process regarding hatchery waste, ammonia inactivation was tested using the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N1 and the low pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N3. Models for other avian pathogenic ssRNA viruses were bovine parainfluenza virus 3, feline calicivirus and feline coronavirus. As possible indicators for monitoring virus inactivation, bacteriophages MS2, ΦX174, and 28b were evaluated. Thermal treatment at 70°C for 60 min inactivated porcine parvovirus by 2.6 log10, while phage 28b was unaffected. Swine vesicular disease virus was undetectable after 30 min. Using too thermostable viruses as models for sufficient virus reduction in thermal treatments regarding Category 3 ABP materials and manure intended for biogas or composting plants, according to EU regulations, would make demands on other time-temperature combinations very strict. All viruses tested were efficiently inactivated by ammonia treatment in hatchery waste, while phage ΦX174 proved too conservative to be used as indicator. Using phage MS2 as a stable indicator to monitor a 3 log10 reduction of ssRNA virus showed that addition of 0.5% w/w ammonia is required, followed by storage for at least 31 h at ≥14°C. In case of an outbreak of e.g. avian influenza, storage for two days at the same conditions was estimated.
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| 6. |
- Fakhrzadeh, Azadeh, et al.
(författare)
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New computerized staging method to analyze mink testicular tissue in environmental research
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 36:1, s. 156-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Histopathology of testicular tissue is considered to be the most sensitive tool to detect adverse effects on male reproduction. When assessing tissue damage, seminiferous epithelium needs to be classified into different stages to detect certain cell damages; but stage identification is a demanding task. The authors present a method to identify the 12 stages in mink testicular tissue. The staging system uses Gata-4 immunohistochemistry to visualize acrosome development and proved to be both intraobserver-reproducible and interobserver-reproducible with a substantial agreement of 83.6% (kappa=0.81) and 70.5% (kappa=0.67), respectively. To further advance and objectify this method, they present a computerized staging system that identifies these 12 stages. This program has an agreement of 52.8% (kappa 0.47) with the consensus staging by 2 investigators. The authors propose a pooling of the stages into 5 groups based on morphology, stage transition, and toxicologically important endpoints. The computerized program then reached a substantial agreement of 76.7% (kappa=0.69). The computerized staging tool uses local ternary patterns to describe the texture of the tubules and a support vector machine classifier to learn which textures correspond to which stages. The results have the potential to modernize the tedious staging process required in toxicological evaluation of testicular tissue, especially if combined with whole-slide imaging and automated tubular segmentation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:156-164.
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| 7. |
- Granberg, Fredrik
(författare)
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Next-generation sequencing workflows in veterinary infection biology: towards validation and quality assurance
- 2016
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Ingår i: Revue Scientifique et Technique- Office International des Epizooties. - : O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health). - 0253-1933 .- 1608-0637. ; 35, s. 67-81
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advancements in DNA sequencing methodologies and sequence data analysis have revolutionised research in many areas of biology and medicine, including veterinary infection biology. New technology is poised to bridge the gap between the research and diagnostic laboratory. This paper defines the potential diagnostic value and purposes of next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications in veterinary infection biology and explores their compatibility with the existing validation principles and methods of the World Organisation for Animal Health. Critical parameters for validation and quality control (quality metrics) are suggested, with reference to established validation and quality assurance guidelines for NGS-based methods of diagnosing human heritable diseases. Although most currently described NGS applications in veterinary infection biology are not primary diagnostic tests that directly result in control measures, this critical reflection on the advantages and remaining challenges of NGS technology should stimulate discussion on its diagnostic value and on the potential to validate NGS methods and monitor their diagnostic performance.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson Lindsjö, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Preprocessing by Sequence-Independent, Single-Primer Amplification (SISPA) on Metagenomic Detection of Viruses
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11, s. S227-S234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compared to routine diagnostics, screening for pathogens in outbreak situations, with or without intentional release, poses demands on the detection technology to not only indicate the presence of already known causative agents but also novel and unexpected pathogens. The metagenomic approach to detecting viral pathogens, using unbiased high-throughput sequencing (HTS), is a well-established methodology with a broad detection range and wide applicability on different sample matrices. To prepare a sample for HTS, the common presequencing steps include homogenization, enrichment, separation (eg, magnetic separation), and amplification. In this initial study, we explored the benefits and drawbacks of preprocessing by sequence-independent, single-primer amplification (SISPA) of nucleic acids by applying the methodology to artificial samples. More specifically, a synthetic metagenome was divided into 2 samples, 1 unamplified and 1 diluted, and amplified by SISPA. Subsequently, both samples were sequenced using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM), and the resulting datasets were analyzed by using bioinformatics, short read mapping, de novo assembly, BLAST-based taxonomic classification, and visualization. The results indicate that even though SISPA introduces a strong amplification bias, which makes it unsuitable for whole-genome sequencing, it is still useful for detecting and identifying viruses.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive, automatically updated fungal ITS sequence dataset for reference-based chimera control in environmental sequencing efforts
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microbes and Environments. - 1342-6311 .- 1347-4405. ; 30:2, s. 145-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is the most commonly chosen genetic marker for the molecular identification of fungi in environmental sequencing and molecular ecology studies. Several analytical issues complicate such efforts, one of which is the formation of chimeric—artificially joined—DNA sequences during PCR amplification or sequence assembly. Several software tools are currently available for chimera detection, but rely to various degrees on the presence of a chimera-free reference dataset for optimal performance. However, no such dataset is available for use with the fungal ITS region. This study introduces a comprehensive, automatically updated reference dataset for fungal ITS sequences based on the UNITE database for the molecular identification of fungi. This dataset supports chimera detection throughout the fungal kingdom and for full-length ITS sequences as well as partial (ITS1 or ITS2 only) datasets. The performance of the dataset on a large set of artificial chimeras was above 99.5%, and we subsequently used the dataset to remove nearly 1,000 compromised fungal ITS sequences from public circulation. The dataset is available at http://unite.ut.ee/repository.php and is subject to web-based third-party curation.
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