| 1. |
- Alt Murphy, Margit, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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An upper body garment with integrated sensors for people with neurological disorders – early development and evaluation
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2524-4426. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To develop a novel wearable garment with integrated sensors for continuous monitoring of physiological and movement related variables to evaluate progression, tailor treatments and improve diagnosis in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and stroke. Methods: An iterative development process and evaluation of an upper body garment with integrated sensors included: identification of user needs, specification of technical and garment requirements, garment development and production as well as evaluation of garment design, functionality and usability. The project is a multidisciplinary collaboration with experts from medical, engineering, textile, and material science within the wearITmed consortium. The work was organized in regular meetings, task groups and hands-on workshops. User needs were identified using results from a mixed-methods systematic review, a focus group study and expert groups. Usability was evaluated in 19 individuals (13 controls, 6 patients with Parkinson’s disease) using semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis. Results: A prototype designed to monitor movements and heart rate was developed. The garment was well accepted by the users regarding design and comfort, although the users were cautious about the technology and suggested improvements. All electronic components passed a washability test. The most robust data was obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors while the electrodes for heart rate registration were sensitive to motion. artefacts. The algorithm development within the wearITmed consortium has shown promising results. Conclusions: The prototype was accepted by the users. Technical improvements are needed, but preliminary data indicate that the garment has potential to be used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment selection and could provide added value for monitoring seizures in epilepsy, fluctuations in PD and activity levels in stroke. Future work aims to improve the prototype further, develop algorithms, and evaluate the functionality and usability in targeted patient groups. The potential of incorporating blood pressure and heart-rate variability monitoring will also be explored.
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| 2. |
- Amer-Wåhlin, Isis, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport för EVIDIGVO
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här texten presenterar resultat från tre aktiviteter för kunskapsinsamling om implementering av digitala verktyg inom vård- och omsorg: en litteratursammanställning, en workshopserie i två delar och en enkätundersökning. Den primära målgruppen har varit verksamhetsutvecklare och projektledare i regioner och kommuner. Antalet svarande i enkätstudien var för lågt för att kunna dra några statistiska slutsatser, men resultatet kan, tillsammans med workshopserien, ändå användas för att identifiera områden där det verkar finnas utmaningar. Både litteratursammanställningen och enkätundersökningen pekar på ett behov av att utveckla strukturerade utvärderingsmodeller för implementering. Även under workshoppen diskuterades den bristande förmågan att ”samla in evidens under projektens gång”, och det fanns en önskan om att ett sådant arbetssätt skulle utvecklas. Enkäten och workshoppen pekar även på flera återkommande problem under implementeringsprojekts olika faser. I den inledande fasen efterfrågas bättre analyser och förankringsarbete. Analyser med användarfokus missas speciellt ofta, så som användarresa, hållbarhetsanalys och intressent- och behovsanalys. Även i andra ändan av processen, då system och arbetssätt ska avvecklas, finns utmaningar och förbättringsförslag, t.ex. saknas ofta beslut om utfasning av gamla lösningar, och ett förslag är att man redan när man skriver kontakt med en leverantör ska säkerställa att leverantören hjälper till med migrering vid utfasning. En annan genomgående problematik är osäkerhet, och ibland avsaknad, av roller, ansvar och kommunikation. Detta handlar om att man inte riktigt vet varför man ska göra saker, eller att verksamheten och personerna som ska göra förändringen inte är tillräckligt inblandade. Det kan också handla om att support och förvaltning inte är tillräckligt väl utvecklat, och om att man inte vet hur man kan samarbeta med leverantörer. Här identifieras även förändringsledning som ett viktigt verktyg för att underlätta en god implementering.
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| 3. |
- Bloom, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Mögel och hälsa i byggnader, en litteratursammanställning för träbyggnadsindustrin
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mikroorganismer kan växa på alla material om förutsättningarna är de rätta. Fukt är alltid den begränsande faktorn men andra faktorer, till exempel temperatur, kan påverka kritisk fuktnivå med avseende på start och etablering av mikrobiologisk påväxt. Mikrobiologisk påväxt på byggnadsmaterial är därför inte materialfråga utan snarare en hanterings- eller byggnadsteknisk fråga. 2009 konstaterar WHO i sin rapport Guidlines for indoor air quality att negativa hälsoeffekter motverkas effektivast genom att fukt och mikrobiella skador på och i byggnader förhindras. Nya studier har adderats sedan 2009 och ett antal vetenskapligt granskade artiklar i ämnet har publicerats. I arbetet med denna sammanställning har ingen artikel påträffats som motstrider den idag, på empiri, grundade uppfattningen att fukt och mögelskador i byggnader kan påverka innemiljön. En påverkan som i sin tur kan leda till negativa hälsoeffekter för människor. I nordiska länder så är det vanligast att fukt- och mögelskador finns inuti konstruktioner. För trähus som ofta är konstruerade av flera olika byggnadsmaterial finns en problematik som dels uppstår genom att mikroorganismer kan växa på dessa material dels genom att det finns risk att emissioner från påväxten sprids till innemiljön. För att bättre förstå när och hur människor exponeras för dessa ämnen behövs mer kunskap inhämtas om: - Hur och när emissioner från skador inuti konstruktioner når innemiljön. - Emissionernas sammansättning. - Skador på trä och hälsa specifikt - Kunskap om mögelarter och deras förekomst på olika byggnadsmaterial inklusive trä. - Vilka åtgärder behöver sättas in för att förhindra att påväxt uppstår vid fukt- och vattenskador (tid, temperatur, material mm)?
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Bodil, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Light my fire but don't choke on the smoke: Wellbeing and pollution from fireplace use in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fireplaces are popular in Northern Europe. However, particle emissions from fireplaces have been identified as an environmental problem and a health problem. User behaviors affect particle emissions and the success of particle reducing technologies to a large extent. This interdisciplinary study aims to investigate why and how people use their fireplaces, including what emotions people associate with fire, and their interest in learning more about fire making and changing behavior related to fire making. It does so by applying an emotion regulation model in a novel way. In total, 146 Swedish individuals owning a fireplace (the majority had wood stoves, a few had tiled stoves, boilers or other types of fireplaces) participated in an online questionnaire about motives, behaviors, knowledge, and interest in learning and changing behavior. The most common motives for using a fireplace in this sample were complementary heating and “cozy fire making”. Our results suggest that watching a fire can aid in regulating emotions from unpleasant stress towards joy and provide a pleasant atmosphere for socialization, and that wood fuel may be a preferred complementary energy choice because it provides beautiful light, comfortable warmth, beautiful design and safety. People reporting emotional motives for using a fireplace also reported an interest in changing behavior. © 2020
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| 5. |
- Nyberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Eating Difficulties, Nutrition, Meal Preferences and Experiences Among Elderly : A Literature Overview From a Scandinavian Context
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Research. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1927-0887 .- 1927-0895. ; 4:1, s. 22-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of malnutrition increases with ageing, resulting in poorer health and higher risk of disease. Eating difficulties are important risk factors for malnutrition. Moreover, independence in relation to food and meals is highly rated by the elderly and has been associated with health and well-being. The purpose of this literature overview was to provide insights into nutritional status, food choice and preferences as well as the meal situations of home-living elderly (65+) people with motoric eating difficulties focusing on Scandinavia. The overall aim is to support independence and to prevent malnutrition. Nutritional status in the elderly was found to be negatively influenced by motoric eating difficulties including problems with manipulating food on the plate and transporting food to the mouth. Motoric eating difficulties may result in practical simplifications such as use of pre-prepared meals, less advanced cooking, and omission of certain meal constituents in order to avoid e.g. mismanagement and spillage. Eating difficulties are often accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame. Choosing smaller portions, reducing the number of eating episodes and not cooking independently have been associated with a higher risk of malnutrition. The nutritional effects of eating difficulties may be exacerbated by diminished chemosensory functions. Furthermore, both past and present food preferences should be considered in order to meet nutritional needs and meal satisfaction. Development of refined and socially accepted eating aids, in combination with tasty and nutritious products, is important in order to promote healthy and independent living among home-living elderly with motoric eating difficulties.
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| 6. |
- Olofson, Jan Yngve, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory symptoms and peripheral airways disease in a cross-sectional study on a random population sample
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 2:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Respiratory symptoms are associated with spirometry results but more strongly with smoking history, suggesting that alterations in the lung other than those revealed by spirometry contribute to cause symptoms. Smoking may cause obstruction of peripheral airways that is poorly detected by spirometry. The slope of phase III of the single-breath nitrogen (N2) test detects smoking-induced alterations in smokers before spirometry is impaired. The aim of the present investigation was to study the association between respiratory symptoms and the slope of phase III adjusting for spirometry results and smoking history. Design: Single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: University hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. Participants: A random population sample of 430 elderly men. Methods: The presence of seven different respiratory symptoms were analysed by a multiple logistic regression model in relation to spirometry results, smoking history (pack-years) and the slope of phase III in a population sample of 430 elderly men, age span 50-67 years. Furthermore, smoking normalised values of the slope of phase III were calculated and differences between subjects reporting/not reporting symptoms were tested. Results: The presence of some cough symptoms was significantly associated with a steep slope of phase III also when adjusting for spirometry results and smoking history. Furthermore, smoking normalised slope of phase III was significantly steeper among subjects with cough symptoms compared to those without cough symptoms. Conclusions: Cough symptoms may be an effect of abnormalities in peripheral airways at least among elderly men.
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| 7. |
- Pendrill, Leslie
(författare)
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How to calibrate a questionnaire: quality-assuring categorical data with psychometric measurement theory
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Measurements in the social sciences – with ‘instruments’ such as questionnaires, ability tests, – in education, healthcare and so on, need metrological quality assurance. A patient, for instance, expects the same quality of care wherever and whenever provided. This is a challenge since the usual tools of statistics do not always work on the categorical scales typical of such measurements. Modelling a measurement system where the instrument is a human being, and where the output is a performance metric, i.e., how well the set-up performs an assessment, appears to be a way forward. This BEMC Colloquium will present the necessary tools, such as psychometric Rasch measurement theory, and will be followed by a hands-on workshop where you yourselves can analyse cases such as (i) the Quality of the BEMC Colloquium Series and (ii) a Healthy Lifestyle.
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| 8. |
- Pendrill, Leslie, et al.
(författare)
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Restitution of ability and difficulty from decision-making : The metrology of human-based perceptions
- 2018
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Ingår i: <em>Measurement at the Crossroads: History,philosophy and sociology of measurement</em>. - Paris.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fundamental reappraisal of metrology, beyond superficial analogies with traditional measurement instruments, is needed if ordinal properties – such as ‘counted fractions’ (bounded by zero and one), performance metrics for ability tests, customer satisfaction, etc - are to be included in an extended quantity calculus for a new SI. Regarding a human being (or other ‘probe’) as a Measurement Instrument with Rasch measurement theory (i.e., postulating a Generalised Linear Model link function z = θ – δ, of a ‘probe’ attribute θ and a ‘target’ attribute δ) not only handles ordinal properties of the measurement system response, Psuccess, but also attribute separability in restitution; essential to underpinning measurement traceability and uncertainty. Examples from person-centred care (e.g., of Alzheimer ’s disease patients) will demonstrate causal Rasch models relating task difficulty and patient ability to explanatory variables such as test sequence entropy and brain atrophy, thereby enabling novel certified reference materials for traceability.
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| 9. |
- Sieber, Arne Santa, et al.
(författare)
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Compact recreational rebreather with innovative gas sensing concept and low work of breathing design
- 2013
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Ingår i: Marine Technology Society journal. - : Marine Technology Society Inc.. - 0025-3324 .- 1948-1209. ; 47:6, s. 27-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recreational rebreathers are increasingly popular, and recreational diver training organizations now routinely offer training for rebreather diving. Few rebreathers on the market, however, fulfill the criteria of a dedicated recreational rebreather. These remain based on traditional sensor technology, which may be linked to rebreather use having an estimated 10 times the risk of mortality while diving compared with open circuit breathing systems. In the present work, a new recreational rebreather based on two innovative approaches is described. Firstly, the rebreather uses a novel sensor system including voltammetric and spectroscopic validation of galvanic pO2 sensor cells, a redundant optical pO2 sensor, and a two-wavelength infrared pCO2 sensor. Secondly, a new breathing loop design is introduced, which reduces failure points, improves work of breathing, and can be mass fabricated at a comparatively low cost. Two prototypes were assembled and tested in the laboratory at a notified body for personal protective equipment before both pool and sea water diving trials. Work of breathing was well below the maximum allowed by the European Normative. These trials also demonstrated that optical pO2 sensors can be successfully employed in rebreathers. The pCO2 sensor detected pCO2 from 0.0004 to 0.0024 bar. These new approaches, which include a new concept for simplified mechanical design as well as improved electronic control, may prove useful in future recreational diving apparatus.
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| 10. |
- Sieber, Arne Santa, et al.
(författare)
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Head-up display system for closed circuit rebreathers with antimagnetic wireless data transmission
- 2013
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Ingår i: Marine Technology Society journal. - : Marine Technology Society Inc.. - 0025-3324 .- 1948-1209. ; 47:6, s. 42-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rebreather divers use LED-based head-up displays (HUD) as a primary display and warning device for the partial pressure of O2 in the breathing loop. Such devices are usually mounted on the mouthpiece of the rebreather in the field of vision of the diver. LED-based HUDs are simple devices and can be designed so that they are easy to understand but have limited information content. Few alphanumeric or graphical screen-based HUDs have been developed in the past. Connecting such a device to a rebreather requires cable links, which divers dislike, and increases the risk of entanglement. State-of-the-art wireless data transmission uses ultrasonic waves or lowfrequency electromagnetic waves; the former is not silent, and the latter achieves only very low data transmission rates of a few bytes per second and does not meet the antimagnetic standards required by military divers. The present paper describes a novel HUD system that incorporates a simple LED-based primary HUD along with an advanced secondary head-up diving computer with a micro organic LED screen. An optical infrared data transmission system is used to transmit all rebreather relevant data fromthe primary to the secondary device. One prototype of the system was manufactured and successfully tested in the laboratory according to relevant European standards as well as during several dives in fresh and sea water.
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