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Sökning: hsv:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES) hsv:(Clinical Medicine) hsv:(Surgery) > Humaniora

  • Resultat 1-10 av 31
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1.
  • Klintö, Kristina, et al. (författare)
  • Reliability of data on percent consonants correct and its associated quality indicator in the Swedish cleft lip and palate registry
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Data in national health care quality registries must be valid and reliable in order to enable open comparisons of results. Aim: To assess the reliability of data on percent consonants correct (PCC) and its associated quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants in the Swedish quality registry for patients born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) registry. Methods: Six independent speech-language pathologists re-assessed the audio recordings of 96 five-year-olds with PCC data in the CLP registry. Target consonants of a single-word picture-naming test were phonetically transcribed, and PCC was calculated. The reliability of PCC data was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The reliability of the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants was assessed with point-by-point percentage agreement and Cohen’s kappa. Results: Intra- and inter-judge agreement for PCC was excellent with ICCs above 0.9, and so was the agreement of data from the CLP registry and the six judges' re-assessments. The percentage agreement between all judges and the CLP registry for the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants was poor (67%). However, in 88% of the cases, results from four judges and the CLP registry agreed, corresponding to good agreement. The mean of all kappa values for six judges and the CLP registry corresponded to good agreement (0.72). Conclusions: The results indicate the PCC data in the CLP registry and the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants to be reliable. When differences in outcome between treatment centres are detected, the raw data collected should always be re-examined before drawing definitive conclusions.
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2.
  • Antonsson, Malin, 1986, et al. (författare)
  • Post-surgical effects on language in patients with presumed low-grade glioma
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314. ; 137:5, s. 469-480
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: Low-grade glioma (LGG) is a slow-growing brain tumour often situated in or near areas involved in language and/or cognitive functions. Thus, language impairments due to tumour growth or surgical resection are obvious risks. We aimed to investigate language outcome following surgery in patients with presumed LGG, using a comprehensive and sensitive language assessment. Materials and methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients with presumed LGG were assessed preoperative, early post-operative, and 3 months post-operative using sensitive tests including lexical retrieval, language comprehension and high-level language. The patients’ preoperative language ability was compared with a reference group, but also with performance at post-operative controls. Further, the association between tumour location and language performance pre-and post-operatively was explored. Results: Before surgery, the patients with presumed LGG performed worse on tests of lexical retrieval when compared to a reference group (BNT: LGG-group median 52, Reference-group median 54, P = .002; Animals: LGG-group mean 21.0, Reference-group mean 25, P = 001; Verbs: LGG-group mean 17.3, Reference-group mean 21.4, P = .001). At early post-operative assessment, we observed a decline in all language tests, whereas at 3 months there was only a decline on a single test of lexical retrieval (Animals: preoperative. median 20, post-op median 14, P = .001). The highest proportion of language impairment was found in the group with a tumour in language-eloquent areas at all time-points. Conclusions: Although many patients with a tumour in the left hemisphere deteriorated in their language function directly after surgery, their prognosis for recovery was good.
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3.
  • Blomstedt, Patric (författare)
  • Dental surgery in ancient Egypt
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of the history of dentistry. - : American academy of the history of dentistry. - 1089-6287. ; 61:3, s. 129-142
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many different surgical procedures have over the years been attributed to the ancient Egyptians. This is also true regarding the field of dental surgery. The existence of dentists in ancient Egypt is documented and several recipes exist concerning dental conditions. However, no indications of dental surgery are found in the medical papyri or in the visual arts. Regarding the osteological material/mummies, the possible indications of dental surgery are few and weak. There is not a single example of a clear tooth extraction, nor of a filling or of an artificial tooth. The suggested examples of evacuation of apical abscesses can be more readily explained as outflow sinuses. Regarding the suggested bridges, these are constituted of one find likely dating to the Old Kingdom, and one possibly, but perhaps more likely, dating to the Ptolemaic era. Both seem to be too weak to have served any possible practical purpose in a living patient, and the most likely explanation would be to consider them as a restoration performed during the mummification process. Thus, while a form of dentistry did certainly exist in ancient Egypt, there is today no evidence of dental surgery.
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4.
  • Hariz, Marwan, et al. (författare)
  • Judith Balkányi-Lepintre (1912–1982) : first woman neurosurgeon, first woman war neurosurgeon, and first woman pediatric neurosurgeon in France
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery. - : American Association of Neurological Surgeons. - 0022-3085 .- 1933-0693. ; 136:5, s. 1465-1469
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, a series of historical reports portrayed the first women neurosurgeons in various countries. One such woman, a pioneer on many levels, remained unrecognized: Judith Balkányi-Lepintre. She was the first woman neurosurgeon in France, the first woman war neurosurgeon for the French Army, and the first woman pediatric neurosurgeon in France. Born in 1912 to a Hungarian Jewish family, she graduated with honors from medical school in Budapest in 1935, then moved to Paris where she started neurosurgical training in 1937 at L’Hôpital de la Pitié under the mentorship of Clovis Vincent, the founder of French neurosurgery. Shortly after marrying a French colleague in 1940, she had to escape the Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo) in Paris and ended up in Algeria, where she joined the French Army of De Gaulle. As a neurosurgeon, she participated in the campaigns of Italy and France between 1943 and 1945. After the war, she returned to work at La Pitié Hospital. In 1947, she defended her doctoral thesis, “Treatment of cranio-cerebral wounds by projectiles and their early complications.” Soon thereafter, she joined Europe’s first dedicated children’s hospital, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades in Paris, and contributed to the establishment of pediatric neurosurgery in France. She remained clinically and academically active at Necker until her death in 1982 but was never promoted.
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5.
  • Molnar, Petra (författare)
  • Extramasticatory dental wear reflecting habitual behavior and health in past populations
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 15:5, s. 681-689
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In skeletal remains, teeth are valuable sources of information regarding age, diet, and health. Dental wear is especially helpful in reconstructions of dietary patterns in populations of varying subsistence. In past societies, teeth have also been used as a third hand or as a tool. The present article examines this type of dental wear and traits attributed to habitual behavior during prehistoric and historic times. Terminology and classification of habitual dental wear are described mainly by appearance, for instance, notching, grooving, cuts, scrapes, and polished surfaces, and their characteristics are illuminated by different case studies. Secondary health effects caused by the extramasticatory use of teeth, such as periapical lesions, tilting, skeletal changes at the temporomandibular joint, chipping, and antemortem tooth loss are also examined. During the examination of extramasticatory dental wear, information should be recorded on morphology, size, frequency, intensity, and location within the dental arch, as well as descriptions and detailed photographic documentation. The advantage of using a low-to medium-resolution microscope in all dental examination is emphasized. By categorizing the wear marks, characteristics are emphasized rather than an exact causing agent. In this way, tentative analogies for the origin of different extramasticatory wear, and consequently for human behavior in the past, can be avoided.
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6.
  • Selvaggi, Gennaro, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Ethical Considerations in Surgery for Single-suture Craniosynostosis.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Journal of craniofacial surgery. - 1049-2275 .- 1536-3732. ; 34:7, s. 1922-1926
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) describes the premature fusion of one cranial suture, which restricts cranial growth and consequently results in unaffected regions presenting a compensatory expansion. Surgery can redistribute intracranial volume, reduce the risk of elevated intracranial pressure, and improve head shape, potentially leading to improved neurocognitive function and social acceptance. However, there is limited evidence that surgery for SSC improves neurocognitive function and social acceptance. Given the inherent surgical risks and uncertainty of outcomes, the conditions under which this surgery should be allowed remain uncertain. Here, we discuss ethical questions regarding the permissibility of surgery, value of neurocognitive function and social acceptance, research ethics associated with SSC, patient autonomy and parental roles, and the process of recommending surgery and obtaining consent. Because surgery for SSC has become a routine procedure, its practice now presents a relatively low risk of complications. Furthermore, having acquired an understanding of the risks associated with this surgery, such knowledge fulfils the principle of non-maleficence although not beneficence. Thus, we advocate that surgery should only be offered within Institutional Review Board-approved research projects. In these situations, decisions concerning enrollment in scientific research involves health care providers and parents or guardians of the child, with the former acting as gate-keepers upon recognition of a lack of coping skills on the part of the parent or guardian in dealing with unforeseen outcomes. To minimize associated surgical risks and maximize its benefits, there exists a moral obligation to refer patients only to highly specialized centers.
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7.
  • Sjöberg, Rickard L (författare)
  • Free will and neurosurgical resections of the supplementary motor area: a critical review
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 163:5, s. 1229-1237
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Research suggests that unconscious activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) precedes not only certain simple motor actions but also the point at which we become aware of our intention to perform such actions. The extent to which these findings have implications for our understanding of the concepts of free will and personal responsibility has been subject of intense debate during the latest four decades.Methods: This research is discussed in relation to effects of neurosurgical removal of the SMA in a narrative review.Results: Removal of the SMA typically causes a transient inability to perform non-stimulus-driven, voluntary actions. This condition, known as the SMA syndrome, does not appear to be associated with a loss of sense of volition but with a profound disruption of executive function/cognitive control.Conclusions: The role of the SMA may be to serve as a gateway between the corticospinal tract and systems for executive function. Such systems are typically seen as tools for conscious decisions. What is known about effects of SMA resections would thus seem to suggest a view that is compatible with concepts of personal responsibility. However, the philosophical question whether free will exists cannot be definitely resolved on the basis of these observations.
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8.
  • Sjöberg, Rickard L (författare)
  • Påverkar den supplementära motorarean den fria viljan?
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; :15-16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Inom neurovetenskapen dök det för cirka 40 år sedan upp en teori om att det område som kallas supplementära motorarean skulle fatta besluten åt oss – och att den fria viljan på så sätt egentligen inte skulle existera. Men riktigt så enkelt är det inte, visar nya undersökningar. 
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