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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES) hsv:(Clinical Medicine) hsv:(Surgery) ;pers:(Manjer Jonas)"

Sökning: hsv:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES) hsv:(Clinical Medicine) hsv:(Surgery) > Manjer Jonas

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1.
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2.
  • Matson, Sophia, et al. (författare)
  • Nonattendance in mammographic screening: a study of intraurban differences in Malmo, Sweden, 1990-1994
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Cancer Detection and Prevention. - 0361-090X. ; 25:2, s. 132-137
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mammographic screening may reduce breast cancer mortality. Not all women, however, come for examination. The objective in this study from Malmo has been to assess extent to which the rate of nonattendance varies between residential areas with different sociodemographic profiles. The study is based on 32,605 women, 45 to 68 years old and living in 17 areas, who between 1990 and 1994 were invited to screening. Between age groups, the age-specific nonattendance rate ranged from 31% to 35 % (P < .01). The nonattendance rate was highest for women 65 years or older. Between residential areas, age-adjusted nonattendance rates ranged from 23% to 43% (P < .01). A socioeconomic score was developed to express the socioeconomic circumstances in the residential areas and ranged from -7.18 in the most deprived area to 5.01 in the least. Nonattendance covaried in an inverse fashion with the socioeconomic score (r = -0.78; P < .01). One of three women in this urban population did not accept the invitation to mammographic screening. Our conclusion is that women in areas with less favorable circumstances seem to be less willing to participate.
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3.
  • Almquist, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Reproductive history, lifestyle factors and season as determinants for serum calcium concentrations in women.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 68, s. 777-785
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. Serum calcium concentrations have been associated with the risk of malignant disease, especially breast cancer. Thus, determinants of serum calcium concentrations, with special regard to risk factors of breast cancer, are of great interest. Material and methods. Previous studies have either been small or they have not focused on reproductive factors. The present study examined serum calcium concentrations in relation to reproductive history, selected lifestyle factors and screening season in a large population-based cohort study comprising 8,114 women. ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni t-test were used for comparison of means, and logistic regression and multiple regression analysis were used to test associations. Results. Serum calcium concentrations were lower in hormone replacement therapy users versus non-users (2.321 mmol/L versus 2.364; p<0.001) and in users of oral contraceptives versus non-users (2.304 versus 2.348; p<0.001). They were higher in peri-/postmenopausal versus premenopausal women (2.357 versus 2.319; p<0.001). Overweight and obese women had higher mean calcium concentrations (2.350 and 2.355) than women with body mass index between 20 and 25 (2.342; p<0.001). Serum calcium concentrations were higher in spring and autumn than in winter (2.352 and 2.353 versus 2.343; p = 0.002). Both younger (40-45 years) (2.334; p = 0.001) and older age groups (>55 years) (2.363; p<0.001) had higher mean calcium concentrations compared to those of women aged 45-50 years (2.320), even when adjusting for menopausal status, suggesting that age has an independent influence on calcium concentrations. Conclusions. It is concluded that reproductive factors such as menopausal status, use of oral contraceptives or hormone-replacement therapy, and age, BMI and season are associated with serum calcium concentrations.
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4.
  • Borena, Wegene, et al. (författare)
  • A prospective study on metabolic risk factors and gallbladder cancer in the metabolic syndrome and cancer (Me-Can) collaborative study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2, s. e89368-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between metabolic risk factors (individually and in combination) and risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC).METHODS:The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria, and Sweden with data on 578,700 men and women. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to calculate relative risks of GBC by body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides as continuous standardised variables and their standardised sum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) z-score. The risk estimates were corrected for random error in measurements.RESULTS:During an average follow-up of 12.0 years (SD = 7.8), 184 primary gallbladder cancers were diagnosed. Relative risk of gallbladder cancer per unit increment of z-score adjusted for age, smoking status and BMI (except for BMI itself) and stratified by birth year, sex and sub-cohorts, was for BMI 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.11, 1.57) and blood glucose 1.76 (1.10, 2.85). Further analysis showed that the effect of BMI on GBC risk is larger among women in the premenopausal age group (1.84 (1.23, 2.78)) compared to those in the postmenopausal age group (1.29 (0.93, 1.79)). For the other metabolic factors no significant association was found (mid blood pressure 0.96 (0.71, 1.31), cholesterol 0.84 (0.66, 1.06) and serum triglycerides 1.16 (0.82, 1.64)). The relative risk per one unit increment of the MetS z-score was 1.37 (1.07, 1.73).CONCLUSION:This study showed that increasing BMI and impaired glucose metabolism pose a possible risk for gallbladder cancer. Beyond the individual factors, the results also showed that the metabolic syndrome as an entity presents a risk constellation for the occurrence of gallbladder cancer.
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5.
  • Murphy, Neil, et al. (författare)
  • Consumption of Dairy Products and Colorectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Prospective studies have consistently reported lower colorectal cancer risks associated with higher intakes of total dairy products, total milk and dietary calcium. However, less is known about whether the inverse associations vary for individual dairy products with differing fat contents. Materials and Methods: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we investigated the associations between intakes of total milk and milk subtypes (whole-fat, semi-skimmed and skimmed), yoghurt, cheese, and dietary calcium with colorectal cancer risk amongst 477,122 men and women. Dietary questionnaires were administered at baseline. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for relevant confounding variables. Results: During the mean 11 years of follow-up, 4,513 incident cases of colorectal cancer occurred. After multivariable adjustments, total milk consumption was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (HR per 200 g/day 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98). Similar inverse associations were observed for whole-fat (HR per 200 g/day 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99) and skimmed milk (HR per 200 g/day 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79-1.02) in the multivariable models. Inverse associations were observed for cheese and yoghurt in the categorical models; although in the linear models, these associations were non-significant. Dietary calcium was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (HR per 200 mg/day 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99); this association was limited to dairy sources of calcium only (HR per 200 mg/day 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99), with no association observed for non-dairy calcium sources (HR per 200 mg/day 1.00, 95% CI: 0.81-1.24). Conclusions: Our results strengthen the evidence for a possible protective role of dairy products on colorectal cancer risk. The inverse associations we observed did not differ by the fat content of the dairy products considered.
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6.
  • Beral, V., et al. (författare)
  • Ovarian Cancer and Body Size : Individual Participant Meta-Analysis Including 25,157 Women with Ovarian Cancer from 47 Epidemiological Studies
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 9:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Only about half the studies that have collected information on the relevance of women's height and body mass index to their risk of developing ovarian cancer have published their results, and findings are inconsistent. Here, we bring together the worldwide evidence, published and unpublished, and describe these relationships. Methods and Findings: Individual data on 25,157 women with ovarian cancer and 81,311 women without ovarian cancer from 47 epidemiological studies were collected, checked, and analysed centrally. Adjusted relative risks of ovarian cancer were calculated, by height and by body mass index. Ovarian cancer risk increased significantly with height and with body mass index, except in studies using hospital controls. For other study designs, the relative risk of ovarian cancer per 5 cm increase in height was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.09; p<0.001); this relationship did not vary significantly by women's age, year of birth, education, age at menarche, parity, menopausal status, smoking, alcohol consumption, having had a hysterectomy, having first degree relatives with ovarian or breast cancer, use of oral contraceptives, or use of menopausal hormone therapy. For body mass index, there was significant heterogeneity (p<0.001) in the findings between ever-users and never-users of menopausal hormone therapy, but not by the 11 other factors listed above. The relative risk for ovarian cancer per 5 kg/m(2) increase in body mass index was 1.10 (95% CI, 1.07-1.13; p<0.001) in never-users and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99; p = 0.02) in ever-users of hormone therapy. Conclusions: Ovarian cancer is associated with height and, among never-users of hormone therapy, with body mass index. In high-income countries, both height and body mass index have been increasing in birth cohorts now developing the disease. If all other relevant factors had remained constant, then these increases in height and weight would be associated with a 3% increase in ovarian cancer incidence per decade.
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7.
  • Wangefjord, Sakarias, et al. (författare)
  • Cyclin D1 expression in colorectal cancer is a favorable prognostic factor in men but not in women in a prospective, population-based cohort study.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Biology of Sex Differences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2042-6410. ; 2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is generally not considered to be a hormone-dependent malignancy, several sex-related differences in incidence, molecular characteristics and survival have been reported. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that increased exposure to female sex hormones is associated with a lower risk of CRC in women, and cyclin D1, an important downstream effector in estrogen-mediated signaling, is commonly activated in CRC. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 expression in CRC, with particular reference to sex-related differences, in tumors from a large, prospective, population-based cohort. METHODS: Using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, the fraction and intensity of cyclin D1 expression was evaluated in 527 incident CRC cases from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The χ2 and Spearman's rho (ρ) tests were used for comparison of cyclin D1 expression and relevant clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess the effect of cyclin D1 expression on cancer-specific survival (CSS) in univariate and multivariate analysis, adjusted for established prognostic factors. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 intensity was significantly lower in male compared with female CRC (P = 0.018). In the full cohort, cyclin D1 expression was associated with a significantly prolonged CSS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.69; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.96, P = 0.026) but subgroup analysis according to gender revealed a strongly accentuated prognostic effect of cyclin D1 in male CRC (HR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.74, P < 0.001), which was in contrast to female CRC, where cyclin D1 was not prognostic (HR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.78, P = 0.864) (Pinteraction = 0.024). The prognostic value of cyclin D1 was not retained in multivariate analysis, either in the full cohort or in male CRC. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin D1 expression is strongly associated with prolonged survival in male CRC. These findings not only support an important role for cyclin D1 in colorectal carcinogenesis, but also add further weight to the accumulating evidence that CRC is indeed a hormone-dependent malignancy, for which prognostic and treatment-predictive molecular biomarkers should be evaluated differently in women and men.
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8.
  • Borena, Wegene, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term temporal trends in cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0043-5325 .- 1613-7671. ; 121:19-20, s. 623-630
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Metabolic factors such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia have consistently been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. There is also growing evidence that these factors are linked to cancer incidence and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term trends in major metabolic risk factors in three large cohorts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 239,602 individuals aged 25-64 years participating in health examinations between 1976 and 2005 were used to estimate prevalence and trends in five risk factors. RESULTS: Irrespective of geographic location, individual metabolic risk factors showed divergent trends across the observation period. Whereas obesity and hyperglycemia in men increased by a per decade ratio of 1.54 (95% CI: 1.42-1.66) and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.49-1.76), respectively, and in women by 1.48 (95% CI: 1.41-1.56) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.57-1.75), hypertension decreased by 0.71 (95% CI: 0.68-0.74) in men and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79-0.86) in women. Dyslipidemia increased from the 1970s to the 1980s but declined in the succeeding decade. A combination of three or more of these risk factors increased significantly in men by a ratio of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) per decade and in women by 1.20 (95% CI: 1.15-1.27). CONCLUSION: The study shows that individual metabolic risk factors followed divergent trends over the period of three decades even though the combination of three or more risk factors used as a proxy for the metabolic syndrome appeared to be stable over the last two of the decades. The two key components of the syndrome, namely BMI and glucose levels, increased significantly and deserve professional attention.
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9.
  • Johansen, Dorthe, et al. (författare)
  • Different Markers of Alcohol Consumption, Smoking and Body Mass Index in Relation to Risk of Pancreatic Cancer. A Prospective Cohort Study within the Malmö Preventive Project.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 9:5, s. 677-686
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Aim: The association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer is not clear. This study investigates different prediagnostic measurements of alcohol consumption, a laboratory marker (gamma-glutamyltransferase; gamma-GT), and a score measuring alcohol addiction (Mm-MAST), in relation to the risk of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the study investigated whether smoking and alcohol consumption interact with each other, or if the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with these factors is modified by obesity or weight gain. Methods: A cohort of 33,346 subjects provided prediagnostic information on the above factors. During a mean follow-up of 22.1 years, 183 cases of pancreatic cancer occurred. Cox's analysis yielded relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The highest gamma-GT quartile was associated with a high risk of pancreatic cancer (RR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.34-3.44), and this association was even stronger in subjects that reported a previous weight gain (RR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.29-10.09). A high Mm-MAST score was also associated with pancreatic cancer (p = 0.02). Current smoking was associated with pancreatic cancer (RR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.60-3.43), and obese smokers had an even higher risk (RR = 7.45, 95% CI = 1.65-33.64). Conclusion: High alcohol intake is associated with subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer and this risk may be higher following weight gain. The risk associated with smoking may be even higher in obese subjects. and IAP.
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10.
  • Johansen, Dorthe, et al. (författare)
  • Pre-Diagnostic Levels of Anionic Trypsinogen, Cationic Trypsinogen, and Pancreatic Secretory Trypsin Inhibitor in Relation to Pancreatic Cancer Risk.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 10:2-3, s. 229-237
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Aims: Experimental studies have suggested that trypsinogen may enhance tumor progression and that the ratio between anionic trypsinogen and cationic trypsinogen (HAT/HCT) and between the sum of trypsinogens and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) ((HAT + HCT)/PSTI) are disturbed in patients with pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate if pre-diagnostic levels of these parameters are associated with subsequent pancreatic cancer risk. Methods: A total of 33,346 subjects participated in a health screening programme in Malmö, Sweden. Pancreatic cancer cases (n = 84) were matched to three controls each. HAT, HCT and PSTI were analyzed in pre-diagnostic serum samples. Odds ratios for pancreatic cancer were calculated using logistic regression and were then stratified for other risk factors. Results: In the main analysis, a statistically significant association between the ratio between HAT/HCT and pancreatic cancer was observed for all, for the crude OR and for the ORs adjusted for sex, BMI or Helicobacter pylori. When stratified for sex, statistically significant associations were found for females in the crude OR and for the ORs adjusted for time to analysis, BMI, alcohol consumption or H. pylori. There was a positive association between the ratio of HAT/HCT to pancreatic cancer in the intermediate/high alcohol consumption group and subjects with a BMI <25. The sum of trypsinogens showed a similar pattern, but was only of borderline significance in the intermediate/high alcohol consumption group. Conclusion: Our hypothesis predicted an increased risk for pancreatic cancer related to an imbalance between trypsin activity and trypsin inhibition capacity. The findings concerning the ratio of HAT/HCT are in line with this. The results related to analyses stratified for other risk factors should be considered as mainly explorative. and IAP.
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