| 1. |
- Hansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Working memory and novel word learning in children with hearing impairment and children with specific language impairment
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. - : Wiley. - 1368-2822 .- 1460-6984. ; 39:3, s. 401-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Working memory is considered to influence a range of linguistic skills, i.e. vocabulary acquisition, sentence comprehension and reading. Several studies have pointed to limitations of working memory in children with specific language impairment. Few studies, however, have explored the role of working memory for language deficits in children with hearing impairment. Aims: The first aim was to compare children with mild-to-moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment, children with a preschool diagnosis of specific language impairment and children with normal language development, aged 9-12 years, for language and working memory. The special focus was on the role of working memory in learning new words for primary school age children. Methods & Procedures: The assessment of working memory included tests of phonological short-term memory and complex working memory. Novel word learning was assessed according to the methods of Gilbertson and Kamhi ( 1995). In addition, a range of language tests was used to assess language comprehension, output phonology and reading. Outcomes & Results: Children with hearing impairment performed significantly better than children with a preschool diagnosis of specific language impairment on tasks assessing novel word learning, complex working memory, sentence comprehension and reading accuracy. No significant correlation was found between phonological short-term memory and novel word learning in any group. The best predictor of novel word learning in children with specific language impairment and in children with hearing impairment was complex working memory. Furthermore, there was a close relationship between complex working memory and language in children with a preschool diagnosis of specific language impairment but not in children with hearing impairment. Conclusions: Complex working memory seems to play a significant role in vocabulary acquisition in primary school age children. The interpretation is that the results support theories suggesting a weakened influence of phonological short-term memory on novel word learning in school age children.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ibertsson, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Vowel spaces in Swedish children with cochlear implants.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 123:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzed vowel productions of Swedish children with cochlear implants, capitalizing on the rich vowel system of Swedish with nine vowels. Minimal word pairs were used as linguistic material. A group of 12 children with CI (mean age 184 months, range 144-229 months), and a group of children with normal hearing (mean age 105 months, range 103-118 months) were recruited. The age at implantation of the CI was 79 months (range 31-155 months). The first two formants were measured for each vowel. To estimate the vowel space, the average Euclidean distance in the F1-F2 plane between each vowel and the mean first and second formant frequencies of all the vowels was calculated for each child. The results show a significantly smaller vowel space for the children with a cochlear implant. However, there was no overall significant correlations between the vowel space and measures of speech recognition and vowel production in the CI group. Although the present results show that speech recognition ability affects intelligibility and vowel production, the vowel space may not be a suitable measure for assessing speech production in this population. [Work supported by the Sunnderdahl Disability Foundation.].
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lucero, J, et al.
(författare)
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Measures of articulatory variability in VCV sequences
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acoustics Research Letters Online. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1529-7853. ; 6:2, s. 80-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional data analysis is used to examine articulatory variability across repetitions in normal speech, under different movement constraints. A temporal normalization technique is applied to align trajectories of lips, jaw, and tongue in vowel-consonant-vowel sequences. Next, an index of amplitude variability is computed, defined as the mean standard deviation between peak velocities of the consonantal closure by the active articulator, in each VCV sequence. The results show that articulatory variability varies as a function of both the phonetic requirements of the consonant and the biomechanical characteristics of the articulatory structures involved.
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| 6. |
- Lyberg Åhlander, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Speaker's Comfort in Teaching Environments: Voice Problems in Swedish Teaching Staff.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0892-1997. ; 25, s. 430-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to examine how a group of Swedish teachers rate aspects of their working environment that can be presumed to have an impact on vocal behavior and voice problems. The secondary objective was to explore the prevalence of voice problems in Swedish teachers. METHOD: Questionnaires were distributed to the teachers of 23 randomized schools. Teaching staff at all levels were included, except preschool teachers and teachers at specialized, vocational high schools. The response rate was 73%. RESULTS: The results showed that 13% of the whole group reported voice problems occurring sometimes, often, or always. The teachers reporting voice problems were compared with those without problems. There were significant differences among the groups for several items. The teachers with voice problems rated items on room acoustics and work environment as more noticeable. This group also reported voice symptoms, such as hoarseness, throat clearing, and voice change, to a significantly higher degree, even though teachers in both groups reported some voice symptoms. Absence from work because of voice problems was also significantly more common in the group with voice problems-35% versus 9% in the group without problems. CONCLUSION: We may conclude that teachers suffering from voice problems react stronger to loading factors in the teaching environment, report more frequent symptoms of voice discomfort, and are more often absent from work because of voice problems than their voice-healthy colleagues.
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| 7. |
- Lyberg Åhlander, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers' Voice Use in Teaching Environments: A Field Study Using Ambulatory Phonation Monitor.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4588 .- 0892-1997. ; 28:6, s. 5-841
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case-control designed field study examines the vocal behavior in teachers with self-estimated voice problems (VP) and their age- and school-matched voice healthy (VH) colleagues. It was hypothesized that teachers with and teachers without VP use their voices differently regarding fundamental frequency, sound pressure level (SPL), and in relation to the background noise.
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| 8. |
- Löfqvist, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Control of oral closure in lingual stop consonant production
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 111:6, s. 2811-2827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous work has shown that the lips are moving at a high velocity when the oral closure occurs for bilabial stop consonants, resulting in tissue compression and mechanical interactions between the lips. The present experiment recorded tongue movements in four subjects during the production of velar and alveolar stop consonants to examine kinematic events before, during, and after the stop closure. The results show that, similar to the lips, the tongue is often moving at a high velocity at the onset of closure. The tongue movements were more complex, with both horizontal and vertical components. Movement velocity at closure and release were influenced by both the preceding and the following vowel. During the period of oral closure, the tongue moved through a trajectory of usually less than I cm; again, the magnitude of the movement was context dependent. Overall, the tongue moved in forward-backward curved paths. The results are compatible with the idea that the tongue is free to move during the closure as long as an airtight seal is maintained. A new interpretation of the curved movement paths of the tongue in speech is also proposed. This interpretation is based on the principle of cost minimization that has been successfully applied in the study of hand movements in reaching.
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| 9. |
- Löfqvist, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Development of speech motor control: Lip movement variability.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 130:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined variability of lip movements across repetitions of the same utterance as a function of age in Swedish speakers. Subjects were 37 typically developed Swedish children and adults (19 females, 18 males, aged 5-31 yr). Lip movements were recorded during 15-20 repetitions of a short Swedish phrase using articulography, with a sampling rate of 200 Hz. After correction for head movements, the kinematic records were expressed in a maxilla-based coordinate system. Movement onset and offset of the utterance were identified using kinematic landmarks. The Euclidean distance between receivers on the upper and lower lips was calculated and subjected to functional data analysis [Ramsay etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 3718-3727 (1996)] to assess both temporal and spatial variabilities. Results show a decrease in both indices as a function of age, with a greater reduction of amplitude variability. [Work supported by grant 349-2007-8695 from the Swedish Research Council.].
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| 10. |
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