1.
Bergman, Penny, et al.
(författare)
Age-related decline in senses and cognition: A Review
2021
Ingår i: Senses and Sciences. - : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 2284-2489. ; 8:2, s. 1264-1292
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.
2.
Elmberg, Johan, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
Potential disease transmission from wild geese and swans to livestock, poultry and humans : a review of the scientific literature from a One Health perspective
2017
Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis Open: Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial / Co-Action Publishing. - 2000-8686 .- 2000-8686. ; 7:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
There are more herbivorous waterfowl (swans and geese) close to humans, livestock and poultry than ever before. This creates widespread conflict with agriculture and other human interests, but also debate about the role of swans and geese as potential vectors of disease of relevance for human and animal health. Using a One Health perspective, we provide the first comprehensive review of the scientific literature about the most relevant viral, bacterial, and unicellular pathogens occurring in wild geese and swans. Research thus far suggests that these birds may play a role in transmission of avian influenza virus, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, at present there is no evidence that geese and swans play a role in transmission of Newcastle disease, duck plague, West Nile virus, Vibrio, Yersinia, Clostridium, Chlamydophila, and Borrelia. Finally, based on present knowledge it is not possible to say if geese and swans play a role in transmission of Escherichia coli, Pasteurella, Helicobacter, Brachyspira, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Microsporidia. This is largely due to changes in classification and taxonomy, rapid development of identification methods and lack of knowledge about host specificity. Previous research tends to overrate the role of geese and swans as disease vectors; we do not find any evidence that they are significant transmitters to humans or livestock of any of the pathogens considered in this review. Nevertheless, it is wise to keep poultry and livestock separated from small volume waters used by many wild waterfowl, but there is no need to discourage livestock grazing in nature reserves or pastures where geese and swans are present. Under some circumstances it is warranted to discourage swans and geese from using wastewater ponds, drinking water reservoirs, and public beaches. Intensified screening of swans and geese for AIV, West Nile virus and anatid herpesvirus is warranted.
3.
Lindblad, A, et al.
(författare)
Body composition and physical function in healthy community-dwelling older adults in Sweden, a cross-sectional study
2014
Ingår i: The Journal of Frailty & Aging. - 2260-1341. ; 3:1, s. 65-65
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values. We aimed to study 1) BC and physical function and 2) changes in hand-grip strength over a 4-year period in a community dwelling elderly Swedish population.Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n=51) and women (n=51) aged >83y were measured by Sit to Stand-test, hand grip strength, body height, body weight and BC using a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12).Results: Mean age 86.5 y, no age difference between sexes. Men and women performed equally well at the Sit to Stand-test. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to women of 19.5 kg. 15 % had a BMI below 22 kg/m2. According to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 64 % were assessed as having severe sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010).Conclusion: In this healthy elderly population BC and physical function was well preserved compared to previous studies, although many were classified as sarcopenic according to current cut-offs. Results from this study can be used as reference values for healthy community-dwelling elderly in high age.
4.
Nordén, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD
2014
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
RATIONALE: Anorexia or lack of appetite is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be caused or augmented by several symptoms affecting appetite and eating. We aimed to investigate and quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in patients with COPD and to explore relationships between NIS and fat free mass depletion.METHODS: The results in this cross-sectional study are based on 169 COPD patients (62 % females). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and the patients reported NIS by two newly developed questionnaires; Eating Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and Disease Related Appetite Questionnaire (DRAQ).RESULTS: Symptoms with the highest prevalence were dry mouth (71%), stomach ache (39%), pain or aches affecting appetite (36%) and constipation (35%). Problems with diarrhoea and feeling affected by smells were more severe among women compared to men (p<0.05). Thirty-six percent of the patients were depleted (FFMI < 15 kg/m² for women and FFMI < 16 kg/m² for men). Depleted patients had more NIS (p<0.05), and also rated appetite and taste of food as worse compared to non-depleted (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Nutrition impact symptoms are common in patients with COPD and depleted patients have more severe symptoms. To investigate how these symptoms are best prevented and/or managed and if NIS prevention/treatment can affect development of malnutrition in patients with COPD is a challenge for the future.
5.
Rothenberg, Elisabet, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
Body composition and hand grip strength in healthy community-dwelling older adults in sweden
2015
Ingår i: Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice. - 2273-421X. ; 4:1, s. 54-58
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Background: Longevity increases worldwide but there are few studies on body composition and hand grip strength inpopulations over 80 years. Given high prevalence of chronic disease and functional disability in octogenarians, it may be difficult todistinguish effects of ageing from those imposed by disease. The European Consensus definition of sarcopenia recommends usingboth low muscle mass and function for diagnosis.Objectives: Examine body composition and hand grip strength in a selected groupof community-dwelling older adults with high level of functional independence. In addition, longitudinal changes in handgripstrength were examined using previously collected data.Design: Cross-sectional body composition and hand grip strength witha four year retrospective analysis on previously assessed hand grip strength.Setting: Measurements were conducted by homevisits.Participants: 102 community-dwelling 83-96 year-olds, 50 % women.Measurements: Hand grip strength was registered bya dynamometer and body composition analysis using bioimpedance spectroscopy.Results: According to European Consensusdefinition, only 6/102 had normal muscle mass - no men, although 78 % of men and 40 % of women had normal muscle strength.Since previously collected data four years earlier, men had lost strength (p<0.001), while women had not (p=0.202).Conclusions: Subject characteristics and health status support well-preserved body energy, protein stores and muscle strength. Low musclemass was much more prevalent than low muscle strength. Results may give an indication of what constitutes a healthy bodycomposition in oldest old and could serve as a starting point for reference values on healthy body composition in octogenarians.
6.
Rothenberg, Elisabet, 1960-
(författare)
Body composition and physical function in healthy community-dwelling older adults in Sweden : a cross-sectional study
2014
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Background: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values. We aimed to study 1) BC and physical function and 2) changes in hand-grip strength over a 4-year period in a community dwelling elderly Swedish population.Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n=51) and women (n=51) aged >83y were measured by Sit to Stand-test, hand grip strength, body height, body weight and BC using a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12).Results: Mean age 86.5 y, no age difference between sexes. Men and women performed equally well at the Sit to Stand-test. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to women of 19.5 kg. 15 % had a BMI below 22 kg/m2. According to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 64 % were assessed as having severe sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010).Conclusion: In this healthy elderly population BC and physical function was well preserved compared to previous studies, although many were classified as sarcopenic according to current cut-offs. Results from this study can be used as reference values for healthy community-dwelling elderly in high age.
7.
8.
Stiernman, Mia, et al.
(författare)
Scores of the cleft hearing, appearance and speech questionnaire (CHASQ) in Swedish participants with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and a control population
2021
Ingår i: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - Lawrence : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; 58:3, s. 347-353
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether there was any difference in scores of the Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (CHASQ) between patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) and a control population. The second aim was to compare CL/P and control population scores in this study with a British norm CL/P population.DESIGN: Single-site, cross-sectional study with an age-matched control population.SETTING: Participants were recruited from a hospital, a school, and a sports club. They answered the CHASQ in the hospital or at home.PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-four participants with CL/P (7-19 years of age) and a control population of 56 participants without CL/P (9-20 years of age).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: CHASQ.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction with cleft-related features between the CL/P and the control population. Participants with CL/P were significantly more satisfied with non-cleft-related features than the control population. Cleft Hearing, Appearance and Speech Questionnaire scores were also similar to earlier established British normative data of a CL/P population.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that children and young people with CL/P were as satisfied with their appearance, hearing, and speech as children and young people without CL/P. Swedish CHASQ scores were also similar to British scores.
9.
Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
Long-term outcome for ADL following the health-promoting RCT-Elderly persons in the risk zone
2013
Ingår i: The Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press. - 0016-9013 .- 1758-5341. ; 53:4, s. 654-663
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Purpose: To examine independence in activities of daily living (ADL) at the 1- and 2-year followups of the health-promoting study Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone. Design and Method: A randomized, three-armed, single-blind, and controlled study. A representative sample of 459 independent and community-dwelling older adults, 80 years and older, were included. A preventive home visit was compared with four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings including a follow-up home visit. Results: Analysis showed a significant difference in favor of the senior meetings in postponing dependence in ADL at the 1-year follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-3.10) and also in reducing dependence in three (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.86) and four or more ADL (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.72) at the 2-year follow-up. A preventive home visit reduced dependence in two (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24-0.68) and three or more ADL (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.17-0.80) after 1 year. Implications: A long-term evaluation of Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone showed that both senior meetings and a preventive home visit reduced the extent of dependence in ADL after 1 year. The senior meetings were superior to a preventive home visit since additional significant effects were seen after 2 years. To further enhance the long-term effects of the senior meetings and support the process of self-change in health behavior, it is suggested that booster sessions might be a good way of reinforcing the intervention.
10.
Nilsson, Maria H, et al.
(författare)
Fatigue in Parkinson's Disease: Measurement Properties of a Generic and a Condition-specific Rating Scale.
2013
Ingår i: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6513 .- 0885-3924. ; 46:5, s. 737-746
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
CONTEXT: High-quality fatigue rating scales are needed to advance the understanding of fatigue and determine the efficacy of interventions. Several fatigue scales are used in Parkinson's disease, but few have been tested using modern psychometric methodology (Rasch analysis). OBJECTIVES: To examine the measurement properties of the generic Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale and the condition-specific 16-item Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS-16) using Rasch analysis. METHODS: Postal survey data (n=150; 47% women; mean age 70 years) were Rasch analyzed. The PFS-16 scores were tested according to both the original polytomous and the suggested alternative dichotomized scoring methods. RESULTS: The PFS-16 showed overall Rasch model fit, whereas the FACIT-F showed signs of misfit, which probably was the result of a sleepiness-related item and mixing of positively/negatively worded items. There was no differential item functioning by disease duration but by fatigue status (greater likelihood of needing to sleep or rest during the day among people classified as nonfatigued) in the PFS-16 and FACIT-F. However, this did not impact total score-based estimated person measures. Targeting and reliability (≥0.86) were good, but the dichotomized PFS-16 showed compromised measurement precision. Polytomous and dichotomized PFS-16 and FACIT-F scores identified six, three, and four statistically distinct sample strata, respectively. CONCLUSION: We found general support for the measurement properties of both scales. However, polytomous PFS-16 scores exhibited advantages compared with dichotomous PFS-16 and FACIT-F scores. Dichotomization of item responses compromises measurement precision and the ability to separate people, and should be avoided.
