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Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Folkhälsovetenskap global hälsa socialmedicin och epidemiologi) > Luleå tekniska universitet

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1.
  • Sharma, Vaibhav, et al. (författare)
  • Fluorescence tagged salivary exosomes as a nano tool in early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Medicinteknikdagarna 2022: Abstracts, Sveriges Medicintekniska Förening, 2022. - : Sveriges Medicintekniska Förening.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Parkinson’s disease (PD) is generally asymptomatic at earlier stages. The pressing need is for susceptibility risk biomarkers, which can aid in better diagnosis and therapeutics and objectively serve to measure the endpoint of disease progression. The role of exosomes in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases is already reported and its cargo could be potent in playing a revolutionary role in biomarker discovery. In our study, the salivary exosomes were efficiently isolated by chemical precipitation from subjects (PD=70, healthy controls=26, and probable PD=08) followed by antibody-based validation through CD63, CD9, GAPDH, flotillin 1, L1CAM, and calnexin. Morphological characterization of the isolated exosomes through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also analyzed. The exosome quantification via fluorescence and antibody-based nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was performed. The total alpha-synuclein (α-syntotal) in salivary exosomal cargo was quantified by ELISA. The disease severity staging confirmation was done by 99mTc-TRODAT-SPECT. We observed a significant increase in total exosome concentration in PD patients to the healthy control (HC) where fluorescence-tagged exosomes were observed to be higher in PD (p<0.0001) than the HC using NTA with a sensitivity of 94.34%. These results was validated through exosomes tagged with antibody CD63 (p=0.006) with a similar sensitivity of 94.12%. We further validated our findings with the ELISA-based α-syntotal concentration in exosomes, which was observed to be higher in PD with a sensitivity of 88.24%. The striatal binding ratios in 99mTc-TRODAT-SPECT shown positive correlation with fluorescent exosomes concentration r=0.3000, α-syntotal concentration r=0.8000. In this study, conclusively we have found that the fluorescence-tagged exosomes has potential to screen the progression of disease with clinically acceptable sensitivity and can be a potent early detection method for PD.
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2.
  • Almevall, Albin Dahlin, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between everyday physical activity and morale in older adults
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Geriatric Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4572 .- 1528-3984. ; 48, s. 37-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Studies that objectively investigate patterns of everyday physical activity in relation to well-being and that use measures specific to older adults are scarce. This study aimed to explore objectively measured everyday physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to a morale measure specifically constructed for older adults. A total of 77 persons (42 women, 35 men) aged 80 years or older (84.3 ± 3.8) wore an accelerometer device for at least 5 days. Morale was measured with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS). PGCMS scores were significantly positively associated with number of steps, time spent stepping, and time spent stepping at >75 steps per minute. Sedentary behavior did not associate with PGCMS. Promoting PA in the form of walking at any intensity–or even spending time in an upright position—and in any quantity may be important for morale, or vice versa, or the influence may be bidirectional.
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3.
  • Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin, et al. (författare)
  • COVID-19 and handwashing: Implications for water use in Sub-Saharan Africa
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Water Resources and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4284. ; 36
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Because the main modes of transmission of the COVID-19 virus are respiration and contact, WHO recommends frequent washing of hands with soap under running water for at least 20 s. This article investigates how the level of concern about COVID-19 affects the likelihood of washing hands frequently in sub-Saharan Africa. We discuss the implication of the findings for water-scarce environment. The study makes use of a unique survey dataset from 12 sub-Saharan African countries collected in April 2020 (first round) and May 2020 (second round) and employs an extended ordered probit model with endogenous covariate. The results show that the level of concern about the spread of the virus increases the likelihood of washing hands with soap under running water for a minimum of 20 s at least five times a day. The increase in the probability of handwashing due to concern about COVID-19, ranges from 3% for Benin to 6.3% for South Africa. The results also show heterogeneous effects across gender- and age-groups, locality and various water sources. However, in Africa, the sustainability of the handwashing protocol could be threatened by the severe water scarcity that exists in the region. To sustain frequent handwashing, sub-Saharan Africa needs an effective strategy for water management and supply.
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4.
  • Amuakwa-Mensah, Franklin, et al. (författare)
  • Stockpiling and food worries: Changing habits and choices in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0038-0121 .- 1873-6041. ; 82 A
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Albeit, governments have instituted strong containment measures in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns of continuous local spread and economic impact of the virus are impacting global food chains and food security. This paper investigates the effect of concern about the i) local spread and ii) economic impact of COVID-19, on the change in the amount of food and necessities bought in twelve Sub-Sahara African countries. In addition, we examine if these effects are channeled through food worries. The study uses a unique survey dataset by GeoPoll collected in April 2020 (first round) and May 2020 (second round) and employs a multinomial logit and generalized structural equation models. We find significant effect of concern about COVID-19 on change in the package size of food and necessities bought, which is heterogeneous across gender group and rural-urban divide. Our results reveal that concerns of COVID-19 might be promoting stockpiling behavior among females and those with no food worries (due to having sufficient money or resources). This if not properly managed could in the medium to long-term affect the food supply chain, food waste and exacerbate food worries problem especially for already food deprived homes. We discuss the policy implications.
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5.
  • Andersson, Maria, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Moral Distress, Health and Intention to Leave: Critical Care Nurses’ Perceptions During COVID-19 Pandemic
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Sage Open Nursing. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 2377-9608. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Moral distress increases the risk that critical care nurses will lose the ability to provide quality nursing care.Aims: To describe person-related conditions and perceptions of moral distress, health and intention to leave among critical care nurses in intensive care units, and to examine the relationship between person-related conditions, moral distress, health and intention to leave.Method: Cross-sectional, with 220 critical care nurses in 15 Swedish ICUs, and data gathered via a self-reported questionnaire.Results: Highest moral distress scores were reported in futile care and poor teamwork and 21% reported entertaining an intention to leave. Self-reported health was lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic and 4.1% reported pronounced exhaustion disorder. Self-reported health, reduced capacity to tolerate demands under time pressure, emotional instability or irritability, physical weakness, or being more easily fatigued and with decreased well-being were factors that had a relationship with futile care. Sleeping problems and intention to leave had a relationship with poor teamwork.Conclusions: Different strategies are needed to reduce moral distress and the leadership is crucial for managing crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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6.
  • Backman, Helena, et al. (författare)
  • Decreased COPD prevalence in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundCOPD has increased in prevalence worldwide over several decades until the first decade after the millennium shift. Evidence from a few recent population studies indicate that the prevalence may be levelling or even decreasing in some areas in Europe. Since the 1970s, a substantial and ongoing decrease in smoking prevalence has been observed in several European countries including Sweden. The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors for COPD in the Swedish general population. A further aim was to estimate the prevalence trend of COPD in Northern Sweden from 1994 to 2009.MethodsTwo large random population samples were invited to spirometry with bronchodilator testing and structured interviews in 2009–2012, one in south-western and one in northern Sweden, n = 1839 participants in total. The results from northern Sweden were compared to a study performed 15 years earlier in the same area and age-span. The diagnosis of COPD required both chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and the presence of respiratory symptoms, in line with the GOLD documents since 2017. CAO was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70, with sensitivity analyses based on the FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN) criterion.ResultsBased on the fixed ratio definition, the prevalence of COPD was 7.0% (men 8.3%; women 5.8%) in 2009–2012. The prevalence of moderate to severe (GOLD ≥ 2) COPD was 3.5%. The LLN based results were about 30% lower. Smoking, occupational exposures, and older age were risk factors for COPD, whereof smoking was the most dominating risk factor. In northern Sweden the prevalence of COPD, particularly moderate to severe COPD, decreased significantly from 1994 to 2009, and the decrease followed a decrease in smoking.ConclusionsThe prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the prevalence of moderate to severe COPD was particularly low. The decrease follows a major decrease in smoking prevalence over several decades, but smoking remained the dominating risk factor for COPD.
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7.
  • Backman, Helena, et al. (författare)
  • Increased prevalence of allergic asthma from 1996 to 2006 and further to 2016 : results from three population surveys
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 47:11, s. 1426-1435
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundDuring the latter half of the 20th century, the prevalence of asthma and many other allergic diseases has increased. Information on asthma prevalence trends among adults after 2010, especially regarding studies separating allergic asthma from non-allergic asthma, is lacking.ObjectiveThe aim was to estimate prevalence trends of current asthma among adults, both allergic and non-allergic, from 1996 to 2016.MethodsThree cross-sectional samples from the same area of Sweden, 20-69 years, participated in surveys with the same questionnaire in 1996 (n=7104 participants, 85% response rate), 2006 (n=6165, 77%) and 2016 (n=5466, 53%), respectively. Allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (ARC) was used as a marker for allergic sensitization to define allergic asthma.ResultsThe prevalence of current asthma increased from 8.4% (95% CI: 7.8-9.0) in 1996 to 9.9% (95% CI: 9.2-10.6) in 2006 and 10.9% (95% CI: 10.1-11.7) in 2016 (P<.001). Allergic asthma increased from 5.0% (95% CI: 4.5-5.5) in 1996 to 6.0% (95% CI: 5.4-6.6) in 2006 and further to 7.3% (95% CI: 6.6-8.0) in 2016 (P<.001), while the prevalence of non-allergic asthma remained stable around 3.4%-3.8%. The increase in current asthma was most pronounced among women and among the middle-aged. Physician-diagnosed asthma, asthma medication use and ARC also increased significantly, while the prevalence of symptoms common in asthma such as wheeze and attacks of shortness of breath decreased slightly or was stable. The prevalence of current smoking decreased from 27.4% in 1996 to 12.3% in 2016.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe prevalence of allergic asthma increased from 1996 to 2006 and further to 2016, while the prevalence of non-allergic asthma remained on a stable prevalence level. The prevalence of symptoms common in asthma decreased slightly or was stable despite a substantial decrease in the prevalence of current smoking. Clinicians should be aware that the previously observed increase in prevalence of allergic asthma is still ongoing.
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8.
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9.
  • Backman, Helena, et al. (författare)
  • Severe asthma : A population study perspective
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 49:6, s. 819-828
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundSevere asthma is a considerable challenge for patients, health care professionals and society. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of severe asthma according to modern definitions of which none based on a population study.ObjectiveTo describe characteristics and estimate the prevalence of severe asthma in a large adult population‐based asthma cohort followed for 10‐28 years.MethodsN=1006 subjects with asthma participated in a follow‐up during 2012‐14, when 830 (mean age 59y, 56% women) still had current asthma. Severe asthma was defined according to three internationally well‐known criteria: the ATS workshop definition from 2000 used in the US Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP), the 2014 ATS/ERS Task force definition and the GINA 2017. All subjects with severe asthma according to any of these criteria were undergoing respiratory specialist care, and were also contacted by telephone to verify treatment adherence.ResultsThe prevalence of severe asthma according to the three definitions was 3.6% (US SARP), 4.8% (ERS/ATS Taskforce), and 6.1% (GINA) among subjects with current asthma. Although all were using high ICS doses and other maintenance treatment, >40% had uncontrolled asthma according to the asthma control test. Severe asthma was related to age >50 years, nasal polyposis, impaired lung function, sensitization to aspergillus, and tended to be more common in women. Further, neutrophils in blood significantly discriminated severe asthma from other asthma.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSevere asthma differed significantly from other asthma in terms of demographic, clinical and inflammatory characteristics, results suggesting possibilities for improved treatment regimens of severe asthma. The prevalence of severe asthma in this asthma cohort was 4‐6%, corresponding to approximately 0.5% of the general population.
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10.
  • Banna, Md. Hasan Al, et al. (författare)
  • A Hybrid Deep Learning Model to Predict the Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health from Social Media Big Data
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 11, s. 77009-77022
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is provoking a prevalent consequence on mental health because of less interaction among people, economic collapse, negativity, fear of losing jobs, and death of the near and dear ones. To express their mental state, people often are using social media as one of the preferred means. Due to reduced outdoor activities, people are spending more time on social media than usual and expressing their emotion of anxiety, fear, and depression. On a daily basis, about 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are generated on social media. Analyzing this big data can become an excellent means to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on mental health. In this work, we have analyzed data from Twitter microblog (tweets) to find out the effect of COVID-19 on people’s mental health with a special focus on depression. We propose a novel pipeline, based on recurrent neural network (in the form of long short-term memory or LSTM) and convolutional neural network, capable of identifying depressive tweets with an accuracy of 99.42%. Preprocessed using various natural language processing techniques, the aim was to find out depressive emotion from these tweets. Analyzing over 571 thousand tweets posted between October 2019 and May 2020 by 482 users, a significant rise in depressing tweets was observed between February and May of 2020, which indicates as an impact of the long ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation.
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