| 1. |
- Kleppang, Annette Lovheim, et al.
(författare)
-
Electronic media use and symptoms of depression among adolescents in Norway
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library of science. - 1932-6203. ; 16:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The purpose of this study was to examine the association between electronic media use, including use of social media and gaming, and symptoms of depression, and whether gender or having friends moderated these associations. Methods This study was based on self-reported cross-sectional data from the Ungdata survey, conducted in 2018 by the Norwegian Social Research (NOVA) Institute in cooperation with seven regional drug and alcohol competence centres. The target group comprised 12,353 15-16 years old adolescents. Binominal logistic regression was used to analyse the association between electronic media use and symptoms of depression. Results The odds of having symptoms of depression were higher for those who used social media more than 3 hours per day (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.43-1.80), compared to those who used social media 3 hours or less per day. Additionally, the odds of having symptoms of depression was higher for those who used more than 3 hours on gaming per day (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.36-1.80), compared to those who used 3 hours and less on gaming per day after adjustment for potential confounders. There were no interaction effects between social media and gaming use with symptoms of depression. Neither were the associations between social media use and gaming with symptoms of depression moderated by gender or having friends. Conclusions The odds of having symptoms of depression were significantly higher for adolescents with a more frequent use of electronic media.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andrich, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Real and artificial differential item functioning
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of educational and behavioral statistics. - : American Educational Research Association (AERA). - 1076-9986 .- 1935-1054. ; 37:3, s. 387-416
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature in modern test theory on procedures for identifying items with differential item functioning (DIF) among two groups of persons includes the Mantel–Haenszel (MH) procedure. Generally, it is not recognized explicitly that if there is real DIF in some items which favor one group, then as an artifact of this procedure, artificial DIF that favors the other group is induced in the other items. Using the Rasch model for dichotomous responses as a theoretical basis, this article proves that the source of artificial DIF in the MH procedure is that estimates of the person locations are substituted for their unknown values. The article then demonstrates that the formalization of artificial DIF implies mathematically (a) a particular sequential, iterative procedure for detecting items with real DIF and for identifying a set of items that may have no DIF and (b) a resolution of the items with real DIF for quantifying the DIF on the same metric as the items showing no DIF and provides expected value curves and tests of fit for the item for each of the groups. Finally, because the source of artificial DIF in the MH procedure is the substitution of a parameter with its estimate, it is suggested that all procedures that use the substitution of an estimate for a parameter are likely to induce artificial DIF.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andrich, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Real and Artificial Differential Item Functioning in Polytomous Items
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - SAGE Publications : SAGE Publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 75:2, s. 185-207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differential item functioning (DIF) for an item between two groups is present if, for the same person location on a variable, persons from different groups have different expected values for their responses. Applying only to dichotomously scored items in the popular Mantel–Haenszel (MH) method for detecting DIF in which persons are classified by their total scores on an instrument, Andrich and Hagquist articulated the concept of artificial DIF and showed that as an artifact of the MH method, real DIF in one item favoring one group inevitably induces artificial DIF favoring the other group in all other items. Using the dichotomous Rasch model in which the total score for a person is a sufficient statistic, and therefore justifies classifying persons by their total scores, Andrich and Hagquist showed that to distinguish between real and artificial DIF in an item identified by the MH method, a sequential procedure for resolving items is implied. Using the polytomous Rasch model, this article generalizes the concept of artificial DIF to polytomous items, in which multiple item parameters play a role. The article shows that the same principle of resolving items sequentially as with dichotomous items applies also to distinguishing between real and artificial DIF with polytomous items. A real example and a small simulated example that parallels the real example are used illustratively.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Disability in Relation to Different Peer-Victimization Groups and Psychosomatic Problems
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Children & Schools. - : Oxford University Press. - 1532-8759 .- 1545-682X. ; 38:3, s. 153-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between disability, victims, perpetrators, and so-called "bully-victims" (someone reporting being both a victim and a perpetrator) of traditional, cyber, or combined victimization or perpetration and psychosomatic health among adolescents. Authors analyzed cross-sectional data from 3,820 Swedish students (ages 13 through 15) using linear and multinomial regression. The results show that students with a disability were more likely to be bully-victims and, more particularly, involved in both traditional and cyber victimization. Authors did not find any differences between adolescents with a disability and others with respect to the association between peer victimization and psychosomatic health. When developing intervention programs, schools may take a comprehensive approach due to the relatively large overlap between traditional and cyber victimization. Targeting groups with known disadvantages may also help reach out to bully-victims.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Does the association with psychosomatic health problems differ between cyberbullying and traditional bullying?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1363-2752 .- 1741-2692. ; 17:3-4, s. 421-434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between mental health problems and traditional bullying is well known,whereas the strength of the association in cyberbullying is less known. This study aimedto compare the association between mutually exclusive groups of bullying involvementand psychosomatic problems as measured by the PsychoSomatic Problems scale. Thesample comprised 3820 students (13–16 years old) in Sweden. The results indicate anassociation between bullying and psychosomatic problems, regardless of type of bullyinginvolvement. No statistically significant differences in psychosomatic problemswere found between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, either for victims or forbullies. The results do not confirm the hypothesis that the association between bullyingand mental health is stronger for cyberbullying than for traditional bullying. Anotherimportant finding is that cyberbullies seem as likely as cybervictims to be at risk formental health problems.
|
|
| 9. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hur mår barn och ungdomar i Sverige? : Analys av den officiella bilden, mediebilden och bilden från forskningen
- 2010
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De senaste 20 åren har den det blivit vanligt att tidningsrubriker möter oss med ”Larmrapporter” om ungas psykiska ohälsa. Frågorna har fått allt större utrymme i samhällsdebatten både medialt och politiskt. I folkhälsopropositionen från 2008 framhålls det att barn och ungdomar är en av de viktigaste målgrupperna och psykisk hälsa ett av de mest angelägna satsningsområdena inom folkhälsopolitiken. Föreliggande rapport tar sin utgångspunkt i en till synes generell uppfattning om att barn och unga mår allt sämre psykiskt. Här presenteras och beskrivs den bild som förmedlas av ohälsan och hur förändringen över tid sett ut. Tre samhälliga aktörer; Riksdag, regering och de myndigheter som arbetar med dessa frågor, dagspress och forskning analyseras utifrån deras ställningstagande till barns och ungdomars psykiska hälsa med avseende på trender, sociodemografiska samt regionala skillnader, och vilka källor detta kommer ifrån. Underlaget till analysen med avseende på den mediala bilden har samlats in genom en systematisk genomgång av tidningsartiklar från åren 1988 till 2008 via två elektroniska databaser. Den officiella bilden har beskrivits utifrån olika dokument från myndigheter. För att få underlag till forskningen har vetenskapligt publicerade artiklar, epidemiologiska studier och så kallad ”grå litteratur” använts. Resultatet visar att överensstämmelsen mellan den officiella bilden, mediebilden och bilden från forskningen är påfallande stor, men att bilderna är långt ifrån identiska. Källorna som används visar sig återkomma och tenderar att cirkulera runt bland aktörerna. Resultatet visade också att flickor och unga kvinnor var de grupper som belyses mest, oavsett år. Etnicitet och regionala skillnader diskuteras i princip inte över huvud taget. Underlaget från forskningen har visat sig vara mycket tunt och det råder brist på epidemiologiska data. Dock pekar mycket på att svenska ungdomar i det stora hela mår bra men att självupplevd stress och psykisk ohälsa blivit vanligare särskilt bland flickor och unga kvinnor. Det är viktigt att reflektera över begrepp och uttryck i mätningar som jämförs över ett 20-års perspektiv - hur tidsbundna är dessa och överensstämmer innebörden, över en tidslinje på tjugo år? Vare sig medias bilder eller de officiella bilderna kan påstås vara fabricerade konstruktioner, utan baseras mer eller mindre på rapporter som forskare och utredare publicerat. Omvänt kan sägas att den officiella bilden och mediebilden också kan antas spegla det som inte publicerats liksom de svarta hålen i forskningen.
|
|
| 10. |
- Beckman, Linda, 1980-
(författare)
-
Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying among Swedish Adolescents : Gender differences and associations with mental health
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to study the differences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents, focusing on gender, psychosomatic problems, and disability, and to gain insight into health staff’s experience of bullying in schools.The four studies in this thesis were based on surveys undertaken among 3,800 adolescents in Grades 7, 8 and 9 in Sweden, as well as focus groups of 16 people consisting of school social workers and school nurses.While almost no gender differences were found among traditional victims, Study I showed that girls were more likely than boys to be cybervictims. Boys were more likely than girls to be traditional bullies, while girls were equally as likely as boys to be cyberbullies. Study II showed that psychosomatic problems were associated with being a victim, a bully or a bully-victim. Cyberbullying showed no stronger association with psychosomatic problems than traditional bullying. Study III: Three main categories emerged from school health staff’s experience: 1) “Anti-bullying team”; 2) “Working style”; and 3) “Perspectives on bullying”. The last two each comprised two sub-categories: “Team member”/“Single worker”; and “Contextual perspective”/“Individual-oriented perspective”. Study IV showed that, regardless of gender and grade, students with a disability were more likely to be bully-victims and, more particularly, bully-victims involved in both traditional bullying and cyberbullying. No differences between disabled adolescents and others were found with respect to the association between bullying and psychosomatic health.The results show that some adolescents are more likely to experience higher levels of psychosomatic health problems than others. They also show that some adolescents are more likely to be involved in bullying, either as victims, bullies or bully-victims. This thesis also discusses contextual and individual approaches adopted by schools in preventing bullying.
|
|
