| 1. |
- Bergkvist, C., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls is associated with increased risk of stroke in women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : WILEY. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 276:3, s. 248-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The potentially beneficial effects of fish consumption on stroke may be modified by major food contaminants in fish. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in particular are proposed to play a role in the aetiology of stroke. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary PCB exposure and stroke risk with the intake of long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids and fish consumption. Design. The prospective population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort was examined. It was comprised of 34 591 women free of cardiovascular diseases and cancer at baseline in 1997 and followed up for 12 years. Validated estimates of dietary PCB exposure were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of stroke were ascertained through register linkage. Results. During 12 years of follow-up (397 309 person-years), there were 2015 incident cases of total stroke (1532 ischaemic strokes, 216 intracerebral haemorrhages, 94 subarachnoid haemorrhages and 173 unspecified strokes). Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR), controlled for known stroke risk factors and fish consumption, were 1.67 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-2.17] for total stroke, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.19-2.17) for ischaemic stroke and 2.80 (95% CI, 1.42-5.55) for haemorrhagic stroke for women in the highest quartile of dietary PCB exposure (median 288 ng day(-1)) compared with women in the lowest quartile (median 101 ng day(-1)). Conclusion. Dietary exposure to PCBs was associated with an increased stroke risk in women, especially haemorrhagic stroke. The results provide important information regarding the risk-benefit analysis of fish consumption, particularly for cerebrovascular disease prevention.
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| 2. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Cerebral Amyloid-β Aggregation With Cognitive Functioning in Persons Without Dementia.
- 2018
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 75:1, s. 84-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early event in Alzheimer disease (AD). Understanding the association between amyloid aggregation and cognitive manifestation in persons without dementia is important for a better understanding of the course of AD and for the design of prevention trials.To investigate whether amyloid-β aggregation is associated with cognitive functioning in persons without dementia.This cross-sectional study included 2908 participants with normal cognition and 4133 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from 53 studies in the multicenter Amyloid Biomarker Study. Normal cognition was defined as having no cognitive concerns for which medical help was sought and scores within the normal range on cognitive tests. Mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed according to published criteria. Study inclusion began in 2013 and is ongoing. Data analysis was performed in January 2017.Global cognitive performance as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and episodic memory performance as assessed by a verbal word learning test. Amyloid aggregation was measured with positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and dichotomized as negative (normal) or positive (abnormal) according to study-specific cutoffs. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between amyloid aggregation and low cognitive scores (MMSE score ≤27 or memory z score≤-1.28) and to assess whether this association was moderated by age, sex, educational level, or apolipoprotein E genotype.Among 2908 persons with normal cognition (mean [SD] age, 67.4 [12.8] years), amyloid positivity was associated with low memory scores after age 70 years (mean difference in amyloid positive vs negative, 4% [95% CI, 0%-7%] at 72 years and 21% [95% CI, 10%-33%] at 90 years) but was not associated with low MMSE scores (mean difference, 3% [95% CI, -1% to 6%], P=.16). Among 4133 patients with MCI (mean [SD] age, 70.2 [8.5] years), amyloid positivity was associated with low memory (mean difference, 16% [95% CI, 12%-20%], P<.001) and low MMSE (mean difference, 14% [95% CI, 12%-17%], P<.001) scores, and this association decreased with age. Low cognitive scores had limited utility for screening of amyloid positivity in persons with normal cognition and those with MCI. In persons with normal cognition, the age-related increase in low memory score paralleled the age-related increase in amyloid positivity with an intervening period of 10 to 15 years.Although low memory scores are an early marker of amyloid positivity, their value as a screening measure for early AD among persons without dementia is limited.
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| 3. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology in persons without dementia: a meta-analysis.
- 2015
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Ingår i: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 313:19, s. 1924-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early pathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD), starting decades before dementia onset. Estimates of the prevalence of amyloid pathology in persons without dementia are needed to understand the development of AD and to design prevention studies.
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| 4. |
- Discacciati, A., et al.
(författare)
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Coffee consumption and risk of localized, advanced and fatal prostate cancer : a population-based prospective study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 24:7, s. 1912-1918
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The epidemiological evidence on possible relationships between coffee consumption and prostate cancer (PCa) risk by subtype of the disease (localized, advanced) and fatal PCa risk is limited.Materials and methods: A population-based cohort of 44 613 Swedish men aged 45-79 years was followed up from January 1998 through December 2010 for incidence of localized (n = 2368), advanced (n = 918) and fatal (n = 515) PCa. We assessed the associations between coffee consumption and localized, advanced and fatal PCa risk using competing-risk regressions. We examined possible effect modification by body mass index (BMI).Results: For localized PCa, each one cup increase in daily coffee consumption was associated with a 3% reduced risk [sub-hazard ratio (SHR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-0.99]. For advanced and fatal PCa, we found a non-significant inverse association; each one cup increase was associated with a 2% reduced risk of advanced [SHR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.95-1.02)] and fatal PCa [SHR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.93-1.03)]. We observed evidence of effect modification by BMI for localized PCa (P-interaction = 0.03); the inverse association was stronger among overweight and obese men (BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)) compared with normal-weight men (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)).Conclusions: We observed a clear inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of localized PCa, especially among overweight and obese men.
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| 5. |
- Kaluza, J., et al.
(författare)
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Diet quality and mortality : a population-based prospective study of men
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 63:4, s. 451-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: To study quality of diet in relation to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Subjects/Methods: The population-based prospective Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) included 40 837 men, 45-79 years of age, who filled in a FFQ (96 food items) and were CVD- and cancer-free at baseline. Quality of diet was assessed by Recommended Food Score (RFS) based on 36 items and Non-Recommended Food Score (Non-RFS) based on 16 items. Cox's proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality and 95% confidence intervals (Cls). Multivariate HRs for RFS and Non-RFS were adjusted for age, education, physical activity, martial status, self-perceived health status, smoking status, dietary supplements use, WHR, alcohol use, intake of energy and mutually adjusted. Results: Between 1998 and 2005, 4501 deaths from all-causes were registered. Between 1998 and 2003, there were 1394 CVD and 759 cancer deaths. High RFS (>= 28) compared with low (<= 20) was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% Cl: 0.71-0.91; P-value for trend < 0.0001) and CVD mortality (HR: 0.71; 95% Cl: 0.54-0.93; P-value for trend = 0.003). In contrast, men with high Non-RFS (>= 5) had higher risk of all-cause (HR: 1.21; 95% Cl: 1.09-1.34; P-value for trend = 0.001) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.27; 95% Cl: 1.05-1.54; P-value for trend 0.07) compared to those with low Non-RFS (<= 2 items). No significant associations with cancer mortality were observed. Conclusions: Both measures of diet quality, RFS and Non-RFS, showed statistically significant associations with all-cause and CVD mortality (recommended foods inversely while nonrecommended foods positively), but not with cancer mortality.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Michels, K B, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of variety of healthy foods and mortality in women
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Obstet & Gynecol Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 31:4, s. 847-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To assess the overall influence of diet on health and disease in epidemiological studies, the habitual diet of the study participants has to be captured as a pattern rather than individual foods or nutrients. The simplest way to describe dietary preferences is to separate foods considered beneficial to health from foods considered to promote disease, and separate individuals on the basis of their regular consumption of these foods. Methods We used data from 59 038 women participating in the prospective Mammography Screening Cohort in Sweden to investigate the influence of variety of healthy and less healthy foods on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results Women who followed a healthy diet defined as consumption of a high variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grain breads, cereals, fish, and low fat dairy products had a significantly lower mortality than women who consumed few of these foods (3710 deaths total). Women who reported regularly consuming 16-17 healthy foods had a 42% lower all-cause mortality (95% CI: 32-50%) compared to women reporting consumption of 0-8 healthy foods with any regularity (P for trend <0.0001). For each additional healthy food consumed the risk of death was about 5% lower (95% CI: 4-6%). Cardiovascular mortality was particularly low among women who reported consuming a high variety of healthy foods. A less healthy diet defined as consumption of a high variety of red meats, refined carbohydrates and sugars, and foods high in saturated or trans fats was not directly associated with a higher overall mortality. However, women who reported consuming many less healthy foods were significantly more likely to die from cancer than those who consumed few less healthy foods. Conclusions A healthy diet can affect longevity. It appears more important to increase the number of healthy foods regularly consumed than to reduce the number of less healthy foods regularly consumed.
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| 8. |
- Newby, P K, et al.
(författare)
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Early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors as predictors of body mass index and obesity among older women
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer United State Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 29:9, s. 1084-1092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine whether early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors were associated with body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SUBJECTS: In all, 18 109 healthy women who participated in the Swedish Mammography Cohort aged 49-83 y. MEASUREMENTS: Early anthropometric (birthweight and body shape at age 10 y) and reproductive ( age at menarche, age at the birth of the first child, and parity) variables were our predictors and current BMI, overweight ( BMI 25-29.99 kg/m(2)), and obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) were our outcomes. RESULTS: In multivariate-adjusted polytomous logistic regression analysis, risk of overweight and obesity increased with increasing body shape at age 10 y and decreased with increasing age at menarche and age at first birth (P for trend < 0.0001). A U-shaped relation with birthweight was observed. In our tests for effect modification of the relation with overweight/obesity (ow/ob; BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)), we detected significant interactions between body shape at 10 y and age ( P < 0.0001); body shape at 10 y and physical activity ( P < 0.0001); age at first birth and smoking (P = 0.02); and parity and physical activity (P = 0.004). The increased risk of ow/ob among women who reported a larger childhood body shape was reduced as women moved from the lowest to highest quartile of physical activity in adulthood. Likewise, the increasing risk of ow/ob among women with greater parity was reduced with increased physical activity. CONCLUSION: Early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors are significantly associated with BMI, overweight, and obesity among older women. The effects of childhood body weight, age at first birth, and parity may be modified by adult lifestyle choices, as well as age.
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| 9. |
- Norman, A, et al.
(författare)
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Age and temporal trends of total physical activity in Swedish men
- 2003
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - Karolinska Inst, Natl Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 35:4, s. 617-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction/Purpose: Despite a large public health interest in physical activity and its role in obesity and other chronic diseases, only few reports to date have addressed total levels and trends of physical activity. We have studied in a cross-sectional setting with a retrospective recall of physical activity an association of levels of total physical activity and different types of activities with age and with calendar-time. Methods: In a population-based study of 33,466 men aged 45-79 yr in central Sweden, information on physical activity and other lifestyle factors was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Level of total activity at ages 15, 30, and 50 yr was assessed quantitatively, based on six questions on different activities: work/occupation, housework, walking/bicycling, exercise, inactive leisure time, and sleeping. The physical activity levels were measured as metabolic equivalents, MET-hours per days. Results: Total daily physical activity decreased at age 30 yr (-1.6%, 95% CI: -1.7, -1.4) and at age 50 yr (-3.9%, 95% CI: -4.0, -3.7) compared with age 15 yr. Total physical activity decreased over a period of 60 yr in all three separate age groups (-9.1% among 15-yr-olds, 95% CI: -9.8, -8.5; -2.3% among 30-yr-olds 95% CI: -3.0, -1.6; and -2.9% among 50-yr-olds, 95% CI: -3.4, -2.5). Conclusion: These negative trends in physical activity observed by age and with time might explain the trends in increasing prevalence of obesity.
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| 10. |
- Orsini, N, et al.
(författare)
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Age and temporal trends of total physical activity among Swedish women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 38:2, s. 240-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Few epidemiological studies have been conducted among middle-aged women on long-term total and specific physical activity (PA) trends. We Studied in a cross-sectional setting the relationship of self-reported total daily PA with age and calendar time. Methods: In a population-based cohort of 38,988 women aged 49-83 yr in central Sweden, information was collected on physical activity, such as work or occupation, household work, walking or bicycling, exercise, watching TV or reading, and other lifestyle factors through a self-administered questionnaire. Total and specific daily PA levels at ages 15, 30, and 50 yr were recalled retrospectively and measured as metabolic equivalents (MET(.)h(.)d(-1)). Results: Total PA level linearly decreased with calendar time in all three age groups (slope for 5-yr chan-e in calendar time among those 15 yr of age = -0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.86 to -0.78; among those 30 yr of age = -0.42; 95% Cl, -0.45 to -0.38; and among those 50 yr of age = -0.62; 95% Cl, -0.66 to -0.58). High-intensity activities such as walking or bicycling decreased by 0.21 MET(.)h(.)d(-1) (95% Cl, -0.22 to -0.20) every 5-calendar-year change among adolescents between the 1930s and 1960s. Total activity level decreased in all age groups by an average of approximately 3 MET(.)h(-1.)d(-1). corresponding to approximately 45 min of brisk walking. Conclusions: Our results suggest that intervention efforts aimed at engaging in healthful amounts of physical activity are needed throughout the life cycle.
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