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Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Hälsovetenskap) hsv:(Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin) > Göteborgs universitet

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1.
  • Gyllensten, Kristina, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Older assistant nurses’ motivation for a full or extended working life
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Ageing and Society. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 39:12, s. 2699-2713
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to explore older workers’ motivation for a full or extended working life. With particular focus on assistant nurses aged 55–64 years, working in the elderly care sector. Focus group interviews were conducted with five different groups of assistant nurses. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews and five main themes were developed from the data: ‘Organisational issues’, ‘Health-related problems’, ‘Private issues’, ‘Meaningfulness and appreciation’ and ‘Social support’. Several of the main themes concerned problems with too high work demands of the assistant nurses. These findings suggest that it is important to improve the working conditions of assistant nurses in order to create a more sustainable working life. Increasing the number of staff and improving recovery opportunities and work–life balance could be important steps to improving the working conditions for this group. Finally, upgrading the competency and professionalism of assistant nurses could help to increase the motivation for a full or extended working life.
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2.
  • Strömgren, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Leadership quality: a factor important for social capital in healthcare organizations
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Health, Organisation and Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1477-7266 .- 1758-7247. ; 31:2, s. 175-191
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2017, © Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between leadership and social capital and what qualities of leadership are important for social capital among employees in hospital settings over time. Design/methodology/approach: A cohort of employees in hospitals answered a questionnaire at three occasions. Five small (approx. 100-bed) or mid-sized (approx. 500-bed) hospitals were included. The response rate was 54 percent at baseline (n=865), 59 percent at one-year follow-up (n=908) and 67 percent at two-year follow-up (n=632). Findings: Repeated measures over time showed differences between groups in levels of social capital with respect to levels of leadership quality. Relation-oriented leadership had the strongest association with social capital. There was evidence that leadership was associated with social capital over time and that different kinds of leadership qualities we re associated with social capital. Research limitations/implications: This study conducted and analyzed quantitative data, and therefore, there is no knowledge of managers’ or employees’ own perceptions in this study. However, it would be interesting to compare managers’ decreased and increased leadership quality and how such differences affect social capital over time. Practical implications: The findings feature the possibility for healthcare leaders to build high quality leadership as an important resource for social capital, by using different leadership orientations under different circumstances. Originality/value: The paper showed that leadership was an important factor for building social capital and that different leadership qualities have different importance with respect to certain circumstances.
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4.
  • Söderberg, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Women’s attitudes towards fertility and childbearing – A study based on a national sample of Swedish women validating the Attitudes to Fertility and Childbearing Scale (AFCS)
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 6:2, s. 54-58
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: A delay in childbearing has been reported in high-resource countries. Factors reported to impact postponement include being mature enough, completing studies, and receiving a good salary. Other reasons are the partner relationship, efficient forms of contraception, value changes, housing conditions, and economic uncertainty. The aim of the study was to validate the previously developed instrument Attitudes to Fertility and Childbearing Scale (AFCS) in a sample of Swedish women and to relate the components to the women’s socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: Four hundred and twenty-four women, 20–30 years of age, who were not mothers answered and returned the questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted; construct validity using principal component analysis (PCA), Student’s t-test, and ANOVA was performed between the three components and women’s background characteristics. Results: The two components with highest loadings were Importance for future and Hindrance at present, indicating a time conflict. The third component was Female identity. The youngest women, single women, students, and women living in large cities were more likely to score high with the component Hindrance at present. Women having a partner were more likely to score high on Importance for future and Female identity. Conclusion: In this population, age, occupation, residential area, and civil (marital) status play a role in the attitudes towards fertility and childbearing. Fertility in relation to individual differences and age needs to be informed and discussed in society as well as in sexual and reproductive health care.
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5.
  • Svedbo Engström, Maria, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • A disease-specific questionnaire for measuring patient-reported outcomes and experiences in the Swedish National Diabetes Register: Development and evaluation of content validity, face validity, and test-retest reliability
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 101:1, s. 139-146
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To describe the development and evaluation of the content and face validity and test-retest reliability of a disease-specific questionnaire that measures patient-reported outcomes and experiences for the Swedish National Diabetes Register for adult patients who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this methodological study, a questionnaire was developed over four phases using an iterative process. Expert reviews and cognitive interviews were conducted to evaluate content and face validity, and a postal survey was administered to evaluate test-retest reliability. Results: The expert reviews and cognitive interviews found the disease-specific questionnaire to be understandable, with relevant content and value for diabetes care. An item-level content validity index ranged from 0.6-1.0 and a scale content validity/average ranged from 0.7-1.0. The fourth version, with 33 items, two main parts and seven dimensions, was answered by 972 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (response rate 61%). Weighted Kappa values ranged from 0.31-0.78 for type 1 diabetes and 0.27-0.74 for type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: This study describes the initial development of a disease-specific questionnaire in conjunction with the NDR. Content and face validity were confirmed and test-retest reliability was satisfactory. Practice implications: With the development of this questionnaire, the NDR becomes a clinical tool that contributes to further understanding the perspectives of adult individuals with diabetes. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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6.
  • Bergdahl, Ingvar A., et al. (författare)
  • Mercury in serum predicts low risk of death and myocardial infarction in Gothenburg women.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 86:1, s. 71-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract Purpose Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have shown both positive and negative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association between serum Hg (S–Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to the roles of dental health and Wsh consumption. Methods Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38–60), in relation to S–Hg at baseline, using Cox regression models. Potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status, serum lipids, alcohol consumption, dental health, smoking, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes) and other covariates (e.g., Wsh consumption) were also considered. Results Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted only for age showed strong inverse associations between baseline S–Hg and total mortality [highest quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 0.76; 95% conWdence interval (CI) 0.59–0.97], incident AMI (HR 0.56; CI 0.34–0.93), and fatal AMI (HR 0.31; CI 0.15–0.66). Adjustment for potential confounding factors, especially dental health, had a strong impact on the risk estimates, and after adjustment, only the reduced risk of fatal AMI remained statistically signiWcant. Conclusions There was a strong inverse association between Hg exposure and CVD. Likely, reasons are confounding with good dental health (also correlated with the number of amalgam Wllings in these age groups) and/or Wsh consumption. The results suggest potential eVects of dental health and/or Wsh consumption on CVD that deserve attention in preventive medicine.
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7.
  • Kamp, Irene van, et al. (författare)
  • The Effects of Noise Disturbed Sleep in Children on Cognitive Development and Long Term Health
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Child Adolescent Behavior. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2375-4494. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Undisturbed sleep is essential for physiological and psychological health. Children have a special need for uninterrupted sleep for growth and cognitive development. Noise is an environmental factor that affects most children, but the knowledge of how children's health, wellbeing and cognitive development are affected by noise disturbed sleep due to road traffic is very incomplete. It has been shown that although children are less likely to wake up or react with sleep cycle shifts due to nighttime exposure, they might be more likely to react with physiological effects such as blood pressure reactions and related motility during sleep. The aim of this paper is to formulate a set of hypotheses as a base for future studies into the short and long term effects of noise induced sleep deprivation on health and child development and how this effects health and wellbeing later on in life. Because the literature is still trying to understand the nature of sleep disturbance among children in general a scoping review was used to achieve this, combining conceptual issues with a description of the scarce literature on noise and sleep disturbance in children as example. Based on this a set of hypotheses was formulated. It is concluded that future studies into the health effect of environmental noise exposure in early life should address these potential hypotheses and mechanisms and pay specific attention to the mediating role of sleep related aspects, including noise in conjunction with other environmental exposures such as indoor climate and exposure to sounds and light from electronic devices.
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8.
  • Skånberg Dahlstedt, Ami, 1967 (författare)
  • Älskade Vampyr - om livet med ett barn med diabetes typ 1
  • 2010
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Älskade vampyr skildrar hur tillvaron ställs på ända för en svensk småbarnsfamilj när yngste sonen får en allvarlig diagnos: diabetes typ 1. Föräldrar och storebror tvingas anpassa sig till den nya situationen och framförallt vänja sig vid osäkerheten och rädslan för komplikationer som sjukdomen för med sig. Rutiner, kontroller och insulinsprutor blir sakta men säkert en naturlig del av tillvaron och de lyckas hålla ihop och hålla modet uppe. Och mer än så. De ger sig ut på äventyr tillsammans. Till Australien. Läsaren får en god inblick i hur det kan gå till när syskon, släkt, vänner, skol- och vårdpersonal, grannar med flera tvingas förhålla sig till den nya situationen - som väldigt många saknar kunskap om. Röster från läsare "Ami tröstar, förklarar, läker och bekräftar att man får lov att känna precis som man vill. Det är en bok som tar hand om känslorna när någon man älskar får en allvarlig sjukdom. Hennes bok handlar inte bara om diabetes, den handlar om alla som får kämpa för sin rätt att vara sig själva." Mia Skäringer, skådespelare och granne "Boken är skriven ur ett intressant och annorlunda perspektiv där förfat­taren på ett gripande sätt tar med oss djupt in i vardagsdetaljerna hos en familj som lever med diabetes. Det är säkert många föräldrar som har barn med diabetes som kommer att känna igen sig i hur man från början kastas mellan hopp och förtvivlan, för att så småningom få ett nytt fäste i vardagen med diabetes. Diabeteslägret och sedan insulinpumpen blev en vändpunkt för Egil, och jag kan bara hålla med - pump är den bästa typen av behandling för ett barn med diabetes och på diabetes­läger träffar man kompisar som förstår hur det är att ha diabetes." Ragnar Hanås, barnläkare och expert på diabetes typ 1
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9.
  • Åkerström, Magnus, 1981, et al. (författare)
  • Methodological approach for measuring the effects of organisational-level interventions on employee withdrawal behaviour
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 94:7, s. 1671-1686
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Theoretical frameworks have recommended organisational-level interventions to decrease employee withdrawal behaviours such as sickness absence and employee turnover. However, evaluation of such interventions has produced inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to investigate if mixed-effects models in combination with time series analysis, process evaluation, and reference group comparisons could be used for evaluating the effects of an organisational-level intervention on employee withdrawal behaviour. Methods: Monthly data on employee withdrawal behaviours (sickness absence, employee turnover, employment rate, and unpaid leave) were collected for 58 consecutive months (before and after the intervention) for intervention and reference groups. In total, eight intervention groups with a total of 1600 employees participated in the intervention. Process evaluation data were collected by process facilitators from the intervention team. Overall intervention effects were assessed using mixed-effects models with an AR (1) covariance structure for the repeated measurements and time as fixed effect. Intervention effects for each intervention group were assessed using time series analysis. Finally, results were compared descriptively with data from process evaluation and reference groups to disentangle the organisational-level intervention effects from other simultaneous effects. Results: All measures of employee withdrawal behaviour indicated statistically significant time trends and seasonal variability. Applying these methods to an organisational-level intervention resulted in an overall decrease in employee withdrawal behaviour. Meanwhile, the intervention effects varied greatly between intervention groups, highlighting the need to perform analyses at multiple levels to obtain a full understanding. Results also indicated that possible delayed intervention effects must be considered and that data from process evaluation and reference group comparisons were vital for disentangling the intervention effects from other simultaneous effects. Conclusions: When analysing the effects of an intervention, time trends, seasonal variability, and other changes in the work environment must be considered. The use of mixed-effects models in combination with time series analysis, process evaluation, and reference groups is a promising way to improve the evaluation of organisational-level interventions that can easily be adopted by others.
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10.
  • Thomée, Sara, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Test av ett datoriserat uppmärksamhetstest: Påverkar språket resultaten? En jämförelse av amerikansk originalversion och svensk version av IVA
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • IVA+Plus Inte grated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA+) är ett amerikanskt dator iserat test som mäter auditiv och visuell uppmärksamhet. I samband med forskningsprojektet GODA testades försökspersoner och deras kontroller med ett IVA+ som anpassats till svenska. Preliminära resultat i studien tydde på en snedfördelning mellan auditiva och visuella delskalor. En studie genomfördes därför med syfte att jämföra den amerikanska originalversionen och den svenska anpassade versionen. Tjugosju personer i åldrarna 18 - 60 år testades med IVA+ två gånger med 7 - 20 dagars mellanrum (mv 8,08), ena gången med den amerikanska originalversionen och andra gången med den svenska versionen. Hälften började med den amerikanska och hälften med den svenska versionen. De två språkversionerna skiljde sig åt genom att auditiv responstid var något snabbare i d en svenska versionen (33 ms). Desto större skillnader framkom dock mellan auditiv och visuell responstid inom både den amerikanska och den svenska versionen av IVA+. Auditiv responstid var i båda språkversionerna mer än 1 standardavvikelse bättre än det no rmerade genomsnittet, medan visuell responstid låg nära förväntat värde. Skillnader framkom också i ytterligare några subskalor. Det visade sig i kontakt med testförlaget BrainTrain Inc, att det varit känt sedan 2011 att den svenska ljudfilen var något sna bb och att detta hade korrigerats för i senare versioner av testet. Genom att lägga till 31 ms till de auditiva responserna i vårt dataset kunde skillnaderna mellan språkversionerna jämnas ut. Oavsett detta, tycks både originalversionen och den anpassade s venska versionen av IVA+ ha innehållit ett systematiskt fel som ger ett bättre än förväntat resultat avseende auditiv snabbhet vid våra datainsamlingar. Bl a testledareffekt och selektionsbias diskuteras som tänkbara förklaringar till resultaten. Mest sann olikt är dock att något i tekniken påverkar resultaten, t ex genom en felklockning av stimuli och/eller respons. Detta gör att de standardiserade normerna knappast kan tillämpas på den insamlade datan. På grund av osäkerheten i vad felet består krävs stor försiktighet även vid framtida datainsamling och särskilt vid klinisk tillämpning av testresultaten. I forskningsstudier bör det vara mindre problematiskt så länge testningarna används för att jämföra grupper eller för att göra för - och eftermätningar för att t ex utvärdera en intervention, dvs där resultaten kan vara oberoende av normeringen. Det är dock troligtvis viktigt att samma hård - och mjukvara används till samtliga testningar.
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