1.
Ohlin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
Analysis of bicycle crashes in Sweden involving injuries with high risk of health loss
2019
Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 10:6, s. 613-618
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objective: The objectives of the present article were to (a) describe the main characteristics of bicycle crashes with regard to the road environment, crash opponent, cyclist, and crash dynamics; (b) compare individuals who describe their health after the crash as declined with those who describe their health as not affected; and (c) compare the number of injured cyclists who describe their health as declined after the crash with the predicted number of permanent medical impairments within the same population.Methods: A sample of individuals with specific injury diagnoses was drawn from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA) database (n = 2,678). A survey form was used to collect additional information about the crash and the health-related outcomes. The predicted number of impaired individuals was calculated by accumulating the risk for all individuals to sustain at least a 1% permanent medical impairment, based on the injured body region and injury severity.Results: Nine hundred forty-seven individuals (36%) responded, of whom 44% reported declined health after the crash. The majority (68%) were injured in single bicycle crashes, 17% in collisions with motor vehicles, and 11% in collisions with another cyclist or pedestrian. Most single bicycle crashes related to loss of control (46%), mainly due to skidding on winter surface conditions (14%), followed by loss of control during braking (6%). There was no significant difference in crash distribution comparing all crashes with crashes among people with declined health. The predicted number of impaired individuals (n = 427) corresponded well with the number of individuals self-reporting declined health (n = 421).Conclusions: The types of crashes leading to health loss do not substantially differ from those that do not result in health loss. Two thirds of injuries leading to health loss occur in single bicycle crashes. In addition to separating cyclists from motorized traffic, other preventive strategies are needed.
2.
Achit, Hamza, et al.
(författare)
Physical Impairment and Medical Care Spending by Road Accident Victims
2013
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
In addition to the immediate physical injuries they suffer, road accident victims may also be subject to ongoing deterioration of their state of health in terms of permanent physical and mental problems, disabilities, etc. These various health shocks entail recourse to care and treatment, the upshot being increases in health expenses. In France little is known about the financial impact of accidents on victims. This paper uses data from a sample of 777 individuals suffering from road accident-induced physical impairment. Information about these individuals includes details of their personal and socioprofessional characteristics, together with data provided by their health insurance offices regarding their use of treatment and their medical expenses. The analysis of these data reveals that the costs incurred by road accident victims are significantly associated with such factors as age, seriousness of impairment, and marital status. Interaction effects are also noted between these explanatory factors: for example, the effect of the seriousness of impairment on the costs involved differs according to the age of the victim.
3.
Hybinette, Karl, et al.
(författare)
Exploring patient flow management through a lens of cognitive systems engineering
2023
Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 66:12, s. 2106-2120
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Hospitals work to provide quality, safety, and availability to patients with a wide variety of care needs, which makes efficient prioritisation and resource utilisation essential. Anticipation of each patients' trajectory, while monitoring available resources across the hospital, are major challenges for patient flow management. This study focuses on how hospital patient flow management is realised in situ with the help of concepts from cognitive systems engineering. Five semi-structured interviews with high level managers and shadowing observations of seven full work-shifts with management teams were conducted, to explore how patient flow is coordinated and communicated across the hospital. The data has been analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results describe patient flow management using an adapted Extended Control Model (ECOM) and reveal how authority and information might be better placed closer to clinical work for increased efficiency of patient flow.Practitioner summary: This study describes how a large tertiary paediatric hospital's patient flow management functions. The results offer a new understanding of how patient flow management is communicated and coordinated across organisational levels of the hospital and how authority and information might be better placed closer to clinical work for increased efficiency.
4.
Krüger, Niclas A, et al.
(författare)
The Impact of Real Options on Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions
2009
Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - Amsterdam : ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 28:3, s. 563-569
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Public investments are dynamic in nature, and decision making must account for the uncertainty, irreversibility and potential for future learning. In this paper we adapt the theory for investment under uncertainty for a public referendum setting and perform the first empirical test to show that estimates of the value of a statistical lite (VSL) from stated preference surveys are highly dependent on the inclusion of the option value. Our results indicate an option value of a major economic magnitude. This implies that previously reported VSL estimates, used in societal benefit-cost analysis of health investments, are exaggerated.
5.
Nyberg, Jonna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
Experienced processes and outcomes of driving license withdrawal due to visual field loss : A Swedish survey study of trust in authorities
2023
Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1982. ; 17
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Citizen perceptions of justice, regarding both processes and outcomes, are closely related to the perceived legitimacy of the authorities involved and are thus significant for trust. This study investigates how a withdrawn driving license due to visual field loss might affect trust in the authorities involved in withdrawal processes and outcomes: the health-care system, the Swedish Transport Agency, and the judicial system. The factors influencing trust were investigated as was whether the withdrawal experience had changed the trust in other authorities not involved in the withdrawal process. Also, the aetiology of the visual field loss and gender were investigated.A survey study was conducted in which 402 Swedish respondents with visual field loss and a withdrawal experience participated. Variance, regression, and content analyses were conducted. The following conceptual factors were used in understanding trust: Benevolence, Openness, Integrity, Ability, and Value Congruence.The results revealed that processes and outcomes affected the overall trust in all three authorities, although the highest trust was in the health-care system (but still low). Diagnosis, but not gender, was important for the experienced trust. Differences in levels of trust in each authority were related to the aetiology of the diagnosis. Benevolence and Ability were the trust factors most important for overall trust in the health-care system and the Swedish Transport Agency. For some respondents (46%), the negative experiences of the withdrawal had worsened their trust in other, not involved authorities, as well.
6.
Ryan, Jean, et al.
(författare)
Examining the Use and Non-use of Special Transport Services in Sweden’s Large City-Regions : The Last Resort?
2022
Ingår i: Findings. - : Findings Press. - 2652-8800.
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
This study examines the extent of the gap between the proportions of survey respondents reporting (1) having the possibility to use and (2) using special transport services (STS) compared to the corresponding gaps for other transport modes. For persons eligible for STS, differences between those who use them and those who do not use them are explored. The frequencies with which these two groups leave the home are then compared. Those aged 65-69, those with higher self-rated health and those cohabiting were less likely to use STS, despite being eligible. Those using STS tend to leave the home less often.
