| 1. |
- Warkentin, Siegbert, et al.
(författare)
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rCBF pathology in Alzheimer's disease is associated with slow processing speed
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3514 .- 0028-3932. ; 46:5, s. 1193-1200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decreased information processing speed (mental slowing) is a known sequelae of many brain disorders, and can be assessed by continuous naming tasks. Functional imaging studies have shown that pause and articulation times in continuous speech are normally associated with different brain regions, but knowledge about such association in dementia is lacking. We therefore tested the hypothesis that perfusion deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not only associated with slower processing, but also with these speech measures. Using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements during the performance of a continuous colour and form-naming task, we found that naming speed was substantially slower in AD patients than in controls. This slower naming was exclusively determined by an increase in mean pause time, and only to a limited extent by articulation time. The increased pause time was uniquely associated with temporo-parietal rCBF reductions of the patients, while articulation was not. By contrast, the rCBF of healthy elderly control subjects was consistently accompanied by substantially shorter articulation and pause times, although the naming measures were not statistically associated with rCBF. These findings suggest that pause time (in contrast to articulation time) may serve as a sensitive measure in the assessment of information processing speed deficits in dementia, by virtue of its close association with brain pathology. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Gustafson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A factor analytic approach to symptom patterns in dementia.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0252 .- 2090-8024.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous publications have shown a high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of three short clinical rating scales for Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VaD) validated against neuropathological (NP) diagnoses. In this study, the aim was to perform an exploratory factor analysis of the items in these clinical rating scales. The study included 190 patients with postmortem diagnoses of AD (n = 74), VaD (n = 33), mixed AD/VaD (n = 31), or FTD (n = 52). The factor analysis produced three strong factors. Factor 1 contained items describing cerebrovascular disease, similar to the Hachinski Ischemic Score. Factor 2 enclosed major clinical characteristics of FTD, and factor 3 showed a striking similarity to the AD scale. A fourth symptom cluster was described by perception and expression of emotions. The factor analyses strongly support the construct validity of the diagnostic rating scales.
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| 3. |
- Israelsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Health status and psychological distress among in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors in relation to gender
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 114, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe health status and psychological distress among in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) survivors in relation to gender.METHODS: This national register study consists of data from follow-up registration of IHCA survivors 3-6 months post cardiac arrest (CA) in Sweden. A questionnaire was sent to the survivors, including measurements of health status (EQ-5D-5L) and psychological distress (HADS).RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2015, 594 IHCA survivors were included in the study. The median values for EQ-5D-5L index and EQ VAS among survivors were 0.78 (q1-q3=0.67-0.86) and 70 (q1-q3=50-80) respectively. The values were significantly lower (p<0.001) in women compared to men. In addition, women reported more problems than men in all dimensions of EQ-5D-5L, except self-care. A majority of the respondents reported no problems with anxiety (85.4%) and/or symptoms of depression (87.0%). Women reported significantly more problems with anxiety (p<0.001) and symptoms of depression (p<0.001) compared to men. Gender was significantly associated with poorer health status and more psychological distress. No interaction effects for gender and age were found.CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of survivors reported acceptable health status and no psychological distress, a substantial proportion reported severe problems. Women reported worse health status and more psychological distress compared to men. Therefore, a higher proportion of women may be in need of support. Health care professionals should make efforts to identify health problems among survivors and offer individualised support when needed.
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| 4. |
- Johnsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Increased S100B in blood after cardiac surgery is a powerful predictor of late mortality
- 2003
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 75:1, s. 162-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundLong-term outcome in patients who suffered stroke after undergoing a cardiac operation has been investigated sparingly, but increased long-term mortality has been reported. S100B is a biochemical marker of brain cell ischemia and blood–brain barrier dysfunction. The aim of this investigation was to record the long-term mortality in consecutive patients undergoing cardiac operations and to explore whether increased concentrations of S100B in blood had a predictive value for mortality.MethodsProspectively collected clinical variables, including S100B, in 767 patients who survived more than 30 days after a cardiac operation, were analyzed with actuarial survival analysis and 678 patients were analyzed with Cox multiple regression analysis.ResultsForty-nine patients (6.4%) were dead at follow-up (range, 18 to 42 months); 11.5% (88 of 767 patients) had elevated S100B 2 days after operation (range, 38 to 42 hours). The probability for death at follow-up was 0.239 if the S100B level was more than 0.3 μg/L, and 0.041 if it was less than 0.3 μg/L. The clinical variables independently associated with mortality were preoperative renal failure, preoperative low left ventricular ejection fraction, emergency operation, severe postoperative central nervous system complication, and elevated S100B values, which turned out to be the most powerful predictor.ConclusionsEven slightly elevated S100B values in blood 2 days after cardiac operation imply a bad prognosis for outcome, and especially so in combination with any central nervous system complication.
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| 5. |
- Jönsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Controversial significance of early S100B levels after cardiac surgery
- 2004
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2377. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe brain-derived protein S100B has been shown to be a useful marker of brain injury of different etiologies. Cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass has been reported to occur in up to 70% of patients. In this study we tried to evaluate S100B as a marker for cognitive dysfunction after coronary bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in a model where the inflow of S100B from shed mediastinal blood was corrected for.Methods56 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting underwent prospective neuropsychological testing. The test scores were standardized and an impairment index was constructed. S100B was sampled at the end of surgery, hourly for the first 6 hours, and then 8, 10, 15, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. None of the patients received autotransfusion.ResultsIn simple linear analysis, no significant relation was found between S100B levels and neuropsychological outcome. In a backwards stepwise regression analysis the three variables, S100B levels at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, S100B levels 1 hour later and the age of the patients were found to explain part of the neuropsychological deterioration (r = 0.49, p < 0.005).ConclusionsIn this study we found that S100B levels 1 hour after surgery seem to be the most informative. Our attempt to control the increased levels of S100B caused by contamination from the surgical field did not yield different results. We conclude that the clinical value of S100B as a predictive measurement of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery is limited.
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| 6. |
- Olander, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital characteristics among patients with sepsis: a comparison between patients with or without adverse outcome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bmc Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-227X. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The prehospital care of patients with sepsis are commonly performed by the emergency medical services. These patients may be critically ill and have high in-hospital mortality rates. Unfortunately, few patients with sepsis are identified by the emergency medical services, which can lead to delayed treatment and a worse prognosis. Therefore, early identification of patients with sepsis is important, and more information about the prehospital characteristics that can be used to identify these patients is needed. Based on this lack of information, the objectives of this study were to investigate the prehospital characteristics that are identified while patients with sepsis are being transported to the hospital by the emergency medical services, and to compare these values to those of the patients with and without adverse outcomes during their hospital stays. Methods This was a retrospective observational study. The patients' electronic health records were reviewed and selected consecutively based on the following: retrospectively diagnosed with sepsis and transported to an emergency department by the emergency medical services. Data were collected on demographics, prehospital characteristics and adverse outcomes, defined as the in-hospital mortality or treatment in the intensive care unit, and analysed by independent sample t-test and chi-square. Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio, of prehospital characteristics for predicting or development of adverse outcome were analysed. Results In total, 327 patients were included. Of these, 50 patients had adverse outcomes. When comparing patients with or without an adverse outcome, decreased oxygen saturation and body temperature, increased serum glucose level and altered mental status during prehospital care were found to be associated with an adverse outcome. Conclusions The findings suggests that patients having a decreased oxygen saturation and body temperature, increased serum glucose level and altered mental status during prehospital care are at risk of a poorer patient prognosis and adverse outcome. Recognizing these prehospital characteristics may help to identify patients with sepsis early and improve their long-term outcomes. However further research is required to predict limit values of saturation and serum glucose and to validate the use of prehospital characteristics for adverse outcome in patients with sepsis.
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| 7. |
- Holmqvist, Gärd, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Expressions of vitality affects and basic affects during art therapy and their meaning for inner change
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Art Therapy. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-4832 .- 1745-4840. ; 24:1, s. 30-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of vitality affects and basic affects and to shed light on their importance in terms of patients' inner change through art therapy. In an earlier study, where 17 women were interviewed about inner change through art therapy, a secondary deductive content analysis of images and statements was performed exploring the presence of vitality affects and basic affects. Nine of the 17 interviews contained clear descriptions of vitality affects and basic affects in the intersubjective communication between the patient and the therapist, these affects were also mirrored in the patients’ painted images.Three cases are used to illustrate the result and how affects were related to inner change. These three cases differ from each other in that they described vitality affects either arising from the art therapist’s empathetic verbal or non-verbal response, from a particular experience in nature, or from the interpreted symbolic language of the image. The common denominator uniting the three cases was the intersubjective communication with the therapist. This study indicates that image making in art therapy gives rise to vitality affects and basic affects that contributes to inner change. It also indicates the importance of having trust in both the method and the art therapist.
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| 8. |
- Forsberg, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection in COVID-19, a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 68:2, s. 226-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) increase morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Higher incidences of VA-LRTI have been reported among COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary objectives of this study were to describe clinical characteristics, incidence, and risk factors comparing patients who developed VA-LRTI to patients who did not, in a cohort of Swedish ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Secondary objectives were to decipher changes over the three initial pandemic waves, common microbiology and the effect of VA-LTRI on morbidity and mortality.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted to 10 ICUs in southeast Sweden between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021 because of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and were mechanically ventilated for at least 48 h. The primary outcome was culture verified VA-LRTI. Patient characteristics, ICU management, clinical course, treatments, microbiological findings, and mortality were registered. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for first VA-LRTI.Results: Of a total of 536 included patients, 153 (28.5%) developed VA-LRTI. Incidence rate of first VA-LRTI was 20.8 per 1000 days of IMV. Comparing patients with VA-LRTI to those without, no differences in mortality, age, sex, or number of comorbidities were found. Patients with VA-LRTI had fewer ventilator-free days, longer ICU stay, were more frequently ventilated in prone position, received corticosteroids more often and were more frequently on antibiotics at intubation. Regression analysis revealed increased adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) for first VA-LRTI in patients treated with corticosteroids (aOR 2.64 [95% confidence interval [CI]] [1.31-5.74]), antibiotics at intubation (aOR 2.01 95% CI [1.14-3.66]), and days of IMV (aOR 1.05 per day of IMV, 95% CI [1.03-1.07]). Few multidrug-resistant pathogens were identified. Incidence of VA-LRTI increased from 14.5 per 1000 days of IMV during the first wave to 24.8 per 1000 days of IMV during the subsequent waves.Conclusion: We report a high incidence of culture-verified VA-LRTI in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients from the first three pandemic waves. VA-LRTI was associated with increased morbidity but not 30-, 60-, or 90-day mortality. Corticosteroid treatment, antibiotics at intubation and time on IMV were associated with increased aOR of first VA-LRTI.
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| 9. |
- Bergh, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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In the eye of both patient and spouse: memory is poor 1 to 2 years after coronary bypass and angioplasty
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 74:3, s. 689-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The study aimed to investigate patient and spouse perception of cognitive functioning 1 to 2 years after coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods. Seventy-six married patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting were selected and sex- and age-matched with 75 concurrent married patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Couples received a letter of explanation and then completed telephone interviews. Forty-seven questions assessed memory, concentration, general health, social functioning, and emotional state. Response choices were: improved, unchanged, or deteriorated function after coronary artery bypass grafting/percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.Results. Patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting did not differ in subjective ratings on any measure from patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. There were no differences between spouses in the respective groups; spouse ratings also did not differ from patient ratings. Only in memory function did patients and spouses report a postprocedural decline.Conclusions. No subjective differences were found in patients who had undergone either coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Spouse ratings agreed with each other and with patient ratings. Positive correlations were found between the questionnaire factors, suggesting that perceived health and well-being are associated with subjective cognition.
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| 10. |
- Dautovic Bergh, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Protein S100B after cardiac surgery: An indicator of long-term anxiety?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 41:2, s. 109-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess long-term state and trait anxiety in cardiac surgical risk patients. Design. Thirty two patients with serum S100B > 0.3 µg/l 48 hours after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were matched according to age, gender, type, date and length of surgery with 35 operated patients without elevated S100B. They completed Spielberger's Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results. Patients with elevated S100B reported more state anxiety and trait anxiety. S100B was an independent predictor of both state and trait anxiety when controlling for perioperative variables. Conclusions. Patients with elevated S100B reported more anxiety 3–6 years after cardiac surgery. A postoperative blood sample can identify risk patients and facilitate appropriate follow-up.
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