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- Frisén, Lars, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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How good is normal visual acuity?. A study of letter acuity thresholds as a function of age.
- 1981
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Ingår i: Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht von Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. - 0065-6100. ; 215:3, s. 149-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual acuity levels were studied in 100 normal subjects of different ages, using a finely graduated letter chart under carefully optimized test conditions. Each line on the chart contained 10 letters of similar difficulty, arranged in random order. A statistical analysis of different response criteria showed a clear superiority of fractional criteria (e.g. 50% correct responses) over the traditional 100% correct requirement. The average difference between right and left eyes was 0.04 +/- 0.15 (decimal notation). Regression analysis of the dependence of visual acuity on age showed a monotonic rise towards the age of 25 years, and a gradual decline thereafter. The most marked decline occurred after the age of 60. Age-dependent confidence intervals were tabulated. The results indicate that minor modifications of the conventional test procedure can enhance the diagnostic potential considerably.
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| 5. |
- Frisén, Lars, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Sahlgren's saturation test for detecting and grading acquired dyschromatopsia.
- 1981
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Ingår i: American journal of ophthalmology. - 0002-9394. ; 92:2, s. 252-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new sorting test requires only two minutes for quantitative estimation of saturation thresholds for bluish pigment colors. The test is highly sensitive to and specific for differences between normal subjects and individuals with acquired color vision defects. When combined with Ishihara's pseudo-isochromatic plates, it discriminates between congenital and acquired dyschromatopsias and identifies subjects with combined defects.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrovascular response during and following severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: CO2-sensitivity, autoregulation, and influence of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition
- 1981
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 111:4, s. 455-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the present experiments was to study mechanisms governing cerebrovascular responses during severe hypoglycemia, and in the posthypoglycemic recovery period. To that end, lightly anesthetized (70% N2O) and artificially ventilated rats were injected with insulin so as to abolish spontaneous EEG activity for 15 or 30 min ("coma"). In separate animals, recovery was induced by glucose administration. Previous experiments have shown that in normo- or moderately hypertensive animals hypoglycemic coma is accompanied by a relatively marked increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF), and that a delayed hypoperfusion develops in the recovery period. The present results demonstrate that oxygen supply is in excess of the demands during coma, and falls below control during recovery. During hypoglycemic coma, the CO2 response of the circulation was retained but autoregulation was lost. In the recovery period, both CO2 response and autoregulation were lost. Pretreatment with indomethacin was introduced in order to evaluate the possible influence of fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase products on the pattern of CBF changes. Measurements of local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) showed that, in the majority of structures analysed, indomethacin failed to modulate the changes in CBF. It is concluded that alterations in cerebrovascular tone and loss of autoregulation induce flow changes that may influence substrate and oxygen availability during hypoglycemia. The pronounced decrease in CBF and the loss of autoregulation and CO2-response in the post-hypoglycemic period may influence functional, metabolic and morphological recovery. The 1-CBF findings indicate that neither the increase in CBF during hypoglycemia nor the reduction in flow in the posthypoglycemic period are mediated by mechanisms related to prostaglandin metabolism.
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| 8. |
- Bergqvist, D, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal trauma, Analysis of 101 cases
- 1981
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Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 147:8, s. 629-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intestinal injuries sustained by 101 Swedish patients during the period 1950-1979 are reviewed. The abdominal trauma was blunt in 78 cases and penetrating in 23. Small-bowel and mesenteric, but not large-bowel, injuries showed increasing frequency. This was associated with rising numbers of motorcar accidents. Injuries to other abdominal organs were found in 56 of the 101 patients, particularly in those with mesenteric or large-bowel trauma. Clear physical signs of intra-abdominal injury led to rapid surgical exploration in most cases, but some operations were performed after relatively long observation. Most injuries, including those in the colon, were treated with primary repair or resection. Decompressive colostomy or exteriorization were rarely performed. Deaths were mainly caused by other factors than the type of operation. The mortality rate (35%) was constant.
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| 9. |
- Bergqvist, D, et al.
(författare)
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Upper gastrointestinal trauma. Analysis of 45 cases of gastric, duodenal or pancreatic injury
- 1981
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Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 147:8, s. 637-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Injuries to the upper gastrointestinal tract occurring over a 30-year period in a geographically well defined region were analyzed. The incidence was low in comparison with other abdominal injuries, but duodenal and pancreatic injuries were increasingly common in the study's last decade. The stomach injuries were mainly caused by penetrating trauma. The duodenal and pancreatic injuries most commonly resulted from road-traffic accidents. Two duodenal injuries were overlooked at the initial exploration, in which the duodenum was incompletely exposed. Anastomotic insufficiency occurred in one of the three patients who underwent duodenal resection. Most of the pancreatic injuries were contusions that could be managed with drainage. The pancreas was severely damaged in five patients, all of whom had multiple intra-abdominal injuries. Three of the five patients died before or during operation.
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| 10. |
- Breimer, Michael, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Blood group type glycosphingolipids from the small intestine of different animals analysed by mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography. A note on species diversity.
- 1981
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Ingår i: Journal of biochemistry. - 0021-924X. ; 90:3, s. 589-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The total non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from the small intestine of cat, cod-fish, guinea-pig, hen, mouse, rabbit, and two strains of rat. The samples were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry and for immunological activity. Mass spectrometry of permethylated and LiAlH4-reduced permethylated derivatives allowed the interpretation of the structures (carbohydrate sequence and ceramide composition) of up to 9 glycolipid species in one mixture. The interpretation was facilitated by a temperature programming of the direct inlet probe, leading to a successive evaporation of glycolipid species mainly according to the number of sugars. The structures concluded could in most cases be assigned to the separate bands revealed by thin-layer chromatography. Antigenic determinants proposed by the spectra were settled by immunological analysis. Thus, Forssman glycolipid was identified in cat, guinea-pig, hen and mouse, blood group A glycolipids in cat, rabbit, and rat and blood group B glycolipids in rabbit and rat. No Lewis activity was found. Certain ceramide types were demonstrated to exist preferentially in some glycolipids. Globoside and Forssman glycolipids (globo series) had a less hydroxylated ceramide (one free hydroxyl) compared to most fucolipids and other glycolipids (two or three hydroxyls). In conclusion, glycolipid patterns of intestine vary between species, and individuals of the same species.
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