| 1. |
- Kvist Christensen, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced colonization of newborns with group B streptococci following washing of the birth canal with chlorhexidine
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. - 1619-3997. ; 13:5, s. 239-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Possible measures for prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) septicemia include active or passiv immunoprophylaxis and administration of penicillin to mothers and infants. In a previous study we have found GBS to be extremely sensitive to chlorhexidine. Furthermore vaginal washing with chlorhexidine diminished the recovery of GBS from parturients. In order to study the effect of chlorhexidine washing upon the colonization of newborns, a study group of chronic GBS carriers, i.e. women who were GBS positive in the 32-36 gestational week as well as during labor was selected. In 18 of these females chlorhexidine washing was performed prior to delivery while 33 chronic carriers served as controls. Screening during labor was performed in 945 consecutive patients. Cultures were collected from the external ear, throat and umbilicus of all infants within 5 minutes of birth and at day 4 of life. At birth 22% of the infants of the chlorhexidine washed mothers were colonized with GBS, in contrast to 52% of the infants from the chronic GBS carriers (p less than 0.05). The proportion of infants harboring GBS at day 4 were similar in the two groups (Tab. I). Among the 945 consecutively screened women, 164 harbored GBS and 54 (33%) of their 164 infants were colonized at birth. The colonization rate of the infants from chronic GBS carriers was significantly higher, 17 of 33 infants (p less than 0.05). This may reflect that the risk of contracting GBS by infants increases with the quantity of GBS in the birth channel.
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| 2. |
- Dykes, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic carrier state in mothers of infants with group B streptococcal infections
- 1985
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 1873-233X. ; 66:1, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seven of eight women who had given birth to infants with early onset or intrauterine infection caused by group B streptococci remained carriers of the same serotype of group B streptococci up to 38 months after their pregnancy. In contrast, only 34 of 88 group B streptococci carriers who had given birth to healthy infants harbored the same serotype at the 34 months' follow-up (P = .009). Among the control subjects, 29 of 71 showed increased serum levels at followup of antibodies against the serotype isolated at delivery, a significantly higher proportion compared with the mothers of infected infants/fetuses. The results indicate that mothers of group B streptococci-infected infants are chronic urogenital carriers of group B streptococci without responding immunologically against the organism.
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| 3. |
- Kvist Christensen, K, et al.
(författare)
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Chlorhexidine for prevention of neonatal colonization with group B streptococci. III. Effect of vaginal washing with chlorhexidine before rupture of the membranes
- 1985
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-2115. ; 19:4, s. 231-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single vaginal washing with 2 g/l of chlorhexidine was performed before rupture of the membranes in 19 parturients who were urogenital carriers of group B streptococci (GBS). Two (11%) of the infants became colonized immediately after birth, in contrast to 16 of 41 (39%) infants to controls (P = 0.02). A significant reduction of GBS colonization of the ear (P = 0.02) and umbilicus (P = 0.01) was noted. Taken together, 2 of 57 (4%) cultures obtained at birth were positive in the chlorhexidine group, in contrast to 30 of 123 (24%) among the controls (P less than 0.01). These findings raise hope for the design of a simple washing procedure which might prevent serious infections in the early neonatal period with GBS but also with other chlorhexidine-sensitive organisms.
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