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- Håkansson, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental sequences in L1 (normal and impaired) and L2 acquisition of Swedish
- 1993
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Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Linguistics. - : Wiley. - 0802-6106 .- 1473-4192. ; 3:2, s. 131-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article presents data from an on-going project comparing L1 and L2 acquisition of Swedish syntax. Within the L1 group, normal as well as specifically language impaired (SLI) children are included; the L2 group consists of pre-school immigrant children. The analyses of the data are made within a second language acquisition perspective with a focus on word order. One basic issue within second language acquisition research is the question of natural developmental sequences, i.e. do all learners follow the same development? Another important issue is whether the development in L2 acquisition is the same as or different from L1 acquisition. Both issues are addressed in the study. The results show interesting similarities between the SLI group and the L2 group. The L1 group differed from the other two groups in important ways. The findings suggest that there is no fundamental difference between L1 and L2 acquisition of syntax, as has been claimed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Boman, Karin, 1946-
(författare)
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Endometrial carcinoma : steroid hormones and receptors in relation to proliferation
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The significance of the hormonal milieu for endometrial changes is as well-known as its link with endometrial carcinoma. Unopposed oestradiol treatment is shown to increase the incidence for this cancer. Obesity leads to elevated levels of oestrogens and is a risk factor for endometrial carcinoma. An association between high tumour proliferation and prognosis is a general feature of human cancer. Tumour growth can be expressed as proliferation rate and flow cytometry (FCM) is a sensitive and reproducable method to estimate S-phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy level. Both parameters have been shown to correlate with prognosis. Sex steroid hormone levels were analysed together with clinical parameters, SPF, and receptors in established endometrial carcinoma.The study consisted of postmenopausal women with endometrial adenocarcinoma. H ormones were analysed in 127 patients, 99 were analysed for FCM and 60 for oestrogen and progesterone receptors. RIA technique was used for hormone assay of oestrone, oestradiol, progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone plasma levels. The receptors were analysed with an immunohistochemical method, and SPF and ploidy level by flow cytometry.A wide range of oestrogen concentrations was found. Some patients had levels comparable to fertile women. Strong correlations were found between body mass index, weight and depth of uterine cavity. No relations were found between receptors and SPF, apart from oestrogen- receptor positive tumours having a lower SPF when compared with receptor negative tumours. The influence of oestradiol on tumour proliferation expressed as SPF was ambiguous. SPF was increased with higher oestradiol levels in the group of peri-diploid, well-differentiated tumours, while a negative correlation was found for the peri-diploid, moderately differentiated tumours. The aneuploid and poorly differentiated tumours had a high SPF regardless of oestradiol concentration. The association between progesterone concentration and SPF was of a more general nature. Progesterone above a threshold level was related to a lower SPF in well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumours. Thus endogenous progesterone seems to play a role in controlling the tumour’s proliferation activity, in contrast to oestradiol, that had a role which did not appear to relate to proliferation activity in any specific direction. The only stimulative association was seen in well-differentiated tumours, but SPF was still below the mean value for all diploid tumours.
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| 5. |
- Fransson, Sven-Göran, 1949-
(författare)
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Note: Pacemaker Wires - Difference in performance between AMBER and conventional chest radiography
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 34:4, s. 419-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Evaluation of pacemaker wires were performed by comparing Advanced Multiple Beam Equalization Radiography (AMBER) with conventional chest radiography. The scanning equalization technique of the AMBER unit makes it superior to conventional technique in the depiction of different structures in the mediastinum or in the pleural sinuses. So far motion artifacts have not been considered clinically important. The longer exposure time, however, may impair the assessment of pacemaker wires. The motion artifact described may not only make adequate evaluation impossible but may even give a false impression of a lead fracture. The difference between the two systems was significant.
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| 6. |
- Jensen, A. G., et al.
(författare)
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Note: Atelectasis and oxygenation in major surgery with either propofol with or without nitrous oxide or isoflurane anaesthesia
- 1993
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Ingår i: Anaesthesia. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0003-2409 .- 1365-2044. ; 48:12, s. 1094-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forty-two patients undergoing major colonic surgery were assigned at random to receive isoflurane-fentanyl anaesthesia with nitrous oxide in oxygen, propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia with air in oxygen or propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia with nitrous oxide in oxygen. The groups were comparable in demographic data. Atelectases were identified, and the area measured by computerised tomography of the chest 203±69 min after extubation. and oxygenation was determined by arterial blood gas samples taken during operation at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after extubation and on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3. Atelectases were seen in all three groups with no differences in the mean area between groups. After operation, the effect of 4 l.min−1 of oxygen by nasal catheter on Pao2 was similar in all groups. A significant decrease in PaO2 was found during the first 3 days after surgery, and was also the same in all groups. There was no correlation between area of atelectasis and postoperative PaO2. We conclude there is no difference in the incidence of postoperative atelectasis or oxygenation when using propofol, with or without nitrous oxide or isoflurane.
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| 7. |
- Niklasson, Urban, 1955-
(författare)
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Spectral analysis of the heart rate variability : a methodological study
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heart rate and other cardiovascular variables are not steady but fluctuate over time. The evolution of computer technology the last 2 decades has made detailed analysis of the fluctuations possible and has focused the attention to the information content of the variability.Autonomic nervous influence on the heart can be assessed by measuring the heart rate variability from R-R intervals in the electrocardiogram. Applications have been developed in many fields where the pathophysiological features of the patients include autonomic dysfunction.This thesis is based on clinical studies and model studies compared with results from healthy volunteers. Two patient groups, with familial amyloidosis and with myotonic dystrophy, were evaluated using simple indexes of heart rate variability. Signs of autonomic dysfunction which is a dominant clinical feature in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy was confirmed by abnormal heart rate variability indexes. In myotonic dystrophy heart rate variability was normal but recumbent and standing plasma catecholamines were elevated. Reassessment of the heart rate variability with spectral analysis confirmed the results.The integral pulse frequency modulation (IPFM) model can be used as a simple analogy of the interface between autonomic activity and the cardiac pacemaker. Computer simulations using the IPFM model revealed marked differences in the estimated modulating variability depending on whether the intervals between simulated beats or the frequency of beats was analyzed. Comparison with data from healthy volunteers indicated that the IPFM model was valid and that heart rate should be preferred instead of R-R intervals for variability measurements.Beat-by-beat heart rate can be viewed as an irregular sample of the underlying autonomic activity. Spectral analysis of simulated heart rate variability data using the IPFM model showed attenuation of high frequency variability with decreasing mean heart rate and with increasing variability mean frequency. Application of these results on data from healthy volunteers suggest that the effects can be significant in actual variability measurements.Cholinergic blockade resulted in reduced heart rate variability at all spectral frequencies. Adrenergic beta-blockade reduced high-frequency variability in standing position indicating that high-frequency variability might partly be sympathetically mediated.
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| 8. |
- Slunga, Lisbeth, 1958-
(författare)
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Serum lipoprotein(a) in relation to ischemic heart disease and associated risk factors
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) consists of an LDL-like particle and the specific protein apo(a), which is very similar to plasminogen. Apo(a) contains repeated kringle structures and a serine protease domain, which cannot be activated by t-PA. Lp(a) is considered to be a predictor for atherosclerotic disease. It has been found incorporated in atherosclerotic plaques and inhibits in vitro fibrinolysis.Lp(a) was determined in 1527 randomly selected individuals participating in the Northern Sweden WHO-MONICA project. A weak but significant relation between Lp(a) and increasing age was found. Menopausal status was the strongest independent predictor of Lp(a) level in women. Fibrinogen was independently related to Lp(a) in both sexes. Only a minor fraction of Lp(a) variance could be explained for in a multiple regression model, which is in agreement with the contention that Lp(a) is highly genetically determined.Lp(a) was determined in 1571 patients investigated with coronary angiography because of suspected severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with proven CAD at elective angiography had significantly higher Lp(a) than patients without significant CAD or healthy controls. Lp(a) was found to be an independent discriminator of CAD in both sexes.HLA-DR genotype 13 or 17 was found more frequently in 30 male patients with angiographic CAD at young age (< 50 years) than in 30 age matched controls. These genotypes were common in patients with high Lp(a) levels, which indicates that Lp(a) may be related to immunological processes.The reaction of Lp(a) was investigated in 32 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Lp(a) increased during the first week, but the response was comparatively weak. Individual Lp(a) responses were heterogeneous and no correlations to infarct size or changes in the acute phase proteins were found.In a randomized cross-over study on 36 hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with simvastatin/placebo during 12+12 weeks Lp(a) did not change significantly, but patients with high Lp(a) levels at baseline tended to develop further increased Lp(a).To conclude, Lp(a) was found to be an independent predictor of angiographic CAD in both men and women. Lp(a) levels are primarily genetically determined and only a small fraction of Lp(a) variance could be explained by other factors in this study. Lp(a) may be related to HLA DR types and immunological processes involved in atherosclerotic disease. Lp(a) increased slightly during the first week of AMI, but was not related to changes in the acute-phase proteins. The effective LDL-lowering agent simvastatin did not influence Lp(a) significantly.
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| 9. |
- Backman, Clas, 1952-
(författare)
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Cold finger
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Post Traumatic Cold Intolerance is the most common, and often the most prominent disabilityfrom hand trauma. The discomfort caused by cold is believed to be linked to a dysfunction o f thedigital vasoregulation, but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Cold induced vasospasm, i.e.the pathologically increased reactivity o f the digital vessels to cold, is commonly found in handsthat have sustained trauma, especially with damage to vascular and neural structures.This thesis is based upon a series o f clinical and laboratory studies on cold induced vasospasm andcold intolerance in 35 patients treated for digital amputation. The replanted digit was used as astudy model, since it represents a body part which at the moment o f reconstruction is devoid o f allinnervation. Replantations were performed according to two different principles o f vascularreconstruction; using long or short vessel grafts. Finger Systolic Pressure (FSP) was used as aparameter o f digital vasoregulation at different temperatures, and cold intolerance was assessedusing a logarithmic rating scale (Borg). Non-injured fingers and amputation stumps were used ascontrols. Clinical and laboratory investigations were performed at different intervals from oneweek to three years after the reconstruction.During the first two weeks following replantation, whole body cold exposure, or cooling o f thereplanted part to 10°C, did not cause serious spasm in the replanted vessels. Follow upinvestigations demonstrated that a cold related vasospastic tendency is established inapproximately 60% o f the replanted parts within one year after trauma. The once establishedpathologic vasoregulation, is unlikely to normalize spontaneously. Whether a cold related arterialspasticity will develop in the replanted digit or not, is not related to the surgeon's choice o ftechnique for vascular reconstruction. Cold related arterial spasticity was more common inamputation stumps than in replanted digits, Our findings suggest that there is a pathologicalreaction to cold in the distal palm vessels but the nature o f this disturbance is not clear.All patients developed some degree o f Post Traumatic Cold Intolerance. Approximately 60% o fthe patients stated that some improvement took place, but none o f the patients was free o f coldintolerance 1-7 years after the injury. Patients with a pathological cold induced vasospasm is likelyto present with severe cold intolerance, which indicates that the vasospasm is involved as one o fthe causes o f Post Traumatic Cold Intolerance.
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