| 1. |
- Bark, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial translocation after non-lethal hemorrhage in the rat
- 1993
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Ingår i: Circulatory Shock. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0092-6213. ; 41:1, s. 60-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Translocation of enteric bacteria has been suggested to compromise patients in severe catabolic stress. Mechanisms for this route of infection are not known. In this study, ratswere subjected to hemorrhage without reinfusion during 60 min, total blood loss was 3.28 +/- 0.14 ml/100 g BW. Control groups consisted of sham-operated animals without bleeding, and rats not operated at all. The mean number of viable bacteria found in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of bled animals was 168 +/- 45 colony forming units (c.f.u./MLN), significantly higher compared to sham operated (5 +/- 3 c.f.u./MLN) and not operated (0 +/- 0 c.f.u./MLN) controls (P < 0.01). Cultures from MLN were positive in 7/9 rats after bleeding, in 3/9 of sham operated, and in 0/6 of non-instrumented control animals. No positive blood cultures were isolated. Escherichia coli was the dominant species found in MLN. A biochemical fingerprinting method (the PhP system) was used to identify translocating strains of E. coli among strains found in cecum. The method was also used to compare translocating strains between different animals. Our findings reveal that bacteria translocate to MLN after hemorrhage. Some phenotypes of E. coli strains translocate more frequently than others, suggesting that they have properties facilitating translocation.
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| 2. |
- Alibegovic, A., et al.
(författare)
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Pretreatment with glucose infusion prevents fatal outcome after hemorrhage in food deprived rats
- 1993
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Ingår i: Circulatory Shock. - Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0092-6213. ; 39:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-four hour food deprivation increases mortality after experimental hemorrhage. Survival after hemorrhage is closely related to the capacity of the animal to develop hyperglycemia. In this study, 24 hr food deprived rats were given a 3-hr infusion of either 0.3 ml/100 g b.wt./h 30% glucose iv (n = 10) or the same volume of 0.9% NaCl (n = 10) prior to 60 min of standardized hemorrhage. Glucose infusion resulted in a transient hyperglycemia, and 600% greater hepatic glycogen content compared to saline (P < 0.001). During hemorrhage, glucose-treated rats developed substantial hyperglycemia while glucose levels fell in saline treated (P < 0.001). Concomitant developments in hematocrits indicated improved plasma refill in glucose treated animals (P < 0.01). While saline treated rats developed irreversible shock and died within 3 hr of bleeding, glucose treated rats had a MAP of 52 ± 2 (mean ± SEM) mm Hg by the end of hemorrhage (P < 0.01). All glucose-treated rats recovered and survived the seven-day observation period. It is concluded that glucose infusion leading to hepatic glycogen repletion alters outcome after experimental hemorrhage in food deprived animals. These experimental results may be of clinical relevance, since elective surgery is generally performed after overnight fasting, which substantially reduces the hepatic glycogen reserve.
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| 3. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
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Missbruk av psykodynamisk teori
- 1993
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Ingår i: Rättvisan och psykologin. - Stockholm : Contra. - 9186092294 ; , s. 10-33
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett barnpsykiatriskt yttrande m.m. i en barnavårdsutredning granskas kritiskt med avseende på hur psykodynamisk teori här används. Det är frågan om osaklighet och missbruk av teori. En punktlista med kritiska frågor kring användningen av psykodynamisk teori presenteras.
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| 4. |
- Palmqvist, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Sexuellt beteende hos daghemsbarn
- 1993
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att studera daghemsbarns sexualitet i åldrarna 2 - 5 år. I en stor stad valdes 11 daghem ut slumpmässigt bland över 100 st. I fas I intervjuades en slumpmässigt vald personal på varje daghem för att utröna vilka sexuella beteenden som förekommer och hur de bemöts. I fas II skattade ytterligare två slumpvis valda personer från varje daghem vanligheten för respektive ålder och kön gällande de beteenden som framkom i den första fasen. Sammanlagt deltog därmed 33 personal. I den explorativa fasen framkom nio beteenden: pratsexualitet, onani, samlagsrörelser, tar på personalen-intim beröring, förälskelse mellan pojke och flicka, jaga-lek, leka sexuella lekar, teckningar och visa sitt kön för andra. För några beteenden fanns en tendens till ökning med åldern och några ökade inte.
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| 5. |
- Thorell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Development of post-operative insulin resistance is associated with the magnitude of the operation
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis Scandinavia. - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 159:11-12, s. 593-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To study the development of insulin resistance and changes in stress hormone concentrations in patients undergoing elective operations of different magnitude.DESIGN:Prospective open study.SETTING:University hospital, Sweden.SUBJECTS:12 otherwise healthy patients, undergoing elective surgery for cholecystectomy (n = 6) and inguinal hernia repair (n = 6).INTERVENTIONS:Insulin sensitivity was measured by the normoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp technique before operation (control) and on the first postoperative day.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Relative insulin sensitivity (compared with preoperative) on the day after each operation. Changes in stress hormone concentrations in relation to the relative change in insulin sensitivity.RESULTS:After hernia repair, mean (SEM) insulin sensitivity was reduced by 32 (4)%, p < 0.05 compared with baseline, and after open cholecystectomy by 56 (3)%, (p < 0.05). The difference between the two groups was highly significant (p < 0.01). The changes in concentrations of catecholamines, glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone after operation were only small, and did not correlate with the relative changes in insulin sensitivity.CONCLUSIONS:Insulin resistance develops even after a minor elective operation, (inguinal hernia repair). The degree of postoperative insulin resistance was more pronounced after open cholecystectomy. The alteration in insulin sensitivity could not be related to simultaneous changes in the hormones studied.
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| 6. |
- Wretenberg, Per, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of armrests and different ways of using them on hip and knee load during rising
- 1993
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Ingår i: Clinical Biomechanics. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Butterworth-Heinemann. - 0268-0033 .- 1879-1271. ; 8:2, s. 95-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loading moments of force about the hip and knee joints of ten healthy male subjects were calculated using recorded forces from a force plate and static contribution from body segments. The subjects rose from a chair while using armrests in ten different ways, and, as a reference, without arm aid. The influence of different armrest heights, hand placements and arm forces was studied. Horizontal and vertical forces on the armrests were measured. Irrespective of armrest height and hand placement, the use of armrests significantly reduced the hip and knee moments compared to rising without arm aid (P < 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between different armrest heights or hand placements. High arm force reduced both hip and knee moments. The greatest reduction occurred for high armrests and high arm force, which reduced the mean peak hip moment from 39 to 17 N m and the knee moment from 83 to 28 N m. Calculation of patellofemoral compressive force and the force on the femoral head due to extensor muscle activity demonstrated that local hip and knee forces were reduced when armrests were used. Horizontal forces applied to the armrests were small. Subjectively 'doubled' arm force resulted in nearly double force on the armrests.
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| 7. |
- Lindblad, Per, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of kidney cancer among patients using analgesics and diuretics : a population-based cohort study
- 1993
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Ne York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 55:1, s. 5-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine the risk of kidney cancer in 2 cohorts defined on the basis of hospital discharge diagnoses associated with analgesic or diuretic use during the period 1965 to 1983. Patients were followed up through 1984 for cancer incidence. After excluding cancers in the first year of observation, 161 kidney cancers were observed vs. 138 expected among 54,662 patients in the analgesics cohort. The relative risk was higher for women than for men. When examined by sub-site within the kidney, risk for cancer of the renal pelvis was similar in magnitude to that for the renal parenchyma. Among 115,616 patients in the diuretics cohort, 278 kidney cancers occurred vs. 209 expected. The risk for women was higher than for men. This elevation in risk was confined to cancer of the renal parenchyma, with no significantly increased risk seen for cancer of the renal pelvis. Although we observed little excess risk among members of the analgesics cohort, the significantly elevated risk among patients using diuretics supports a number of recent studies, but inability to adjust for confounding factors such as obesity preclude drawing any conclusion regarding diuretics. Further research is warranted to assess in detail the relationship between diuretic use and cancer of the renal parenchyma.
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| 8. |
- Malmström, P U, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing survival of patients with urinary bladder cancer : A nationwide study in Sweden 1960-1986
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 29A:13, s. 1868-1872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survival rates were analysed in 29,055 patients with urinary bladder cancer diagnosed in Sweden from 1960 to 1986 and followed up until 1987. The 2-, 5- and 10-year relative survival rates were 79, 70 and 64% for men and 75, 68 and 63% for women, respectively. Patients with a history of bladder cancer for at least 15 years ran a negligible risk of dying from their disease. Prognosis was consistently better in younger than in older patients; below 50 years of age the 5-year relative survival rate was 90%, as compared with 60% in patients aged 70-79 years. Patients diagnosed between 1960 and 1964 had a 60% 5-year relative survival, as compared to 71% in those diagnosed between 1980 and 1984. Multivariate analyses further confirmed that age but not sex is an important prognostic factor in bladder cancer and, further, that a substantial improvement in survival rates took place during the 1960-1986 period. Compared with 1960-1964 the risk of dying of bladder cancer within 5 years in patients diagnosed between 1980 and 1984 was 51% lower in men [relative risk (RR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (C.I.) 0.42-0.57] and 44% lower in women (RR = 0.56; 95% C.I. 0.45-0.70).
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