| 1. |
- Nilsson, Ola, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Growth factors and carcinoid tumours.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - 0284-186X. ; 32:2, s. 115-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of growth factors and their receptors in human midgut carcinoids and in gastric carcinoids of Mastomys have been investigated. Human midgut carcinoid tumours produce IGF-I as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. IGF-I receptors were detectable in half of the tumours and stimulation of cultured tumour cells with IGF-I enhanced DNA synthesis. IGF-I may therefore act as an autocrine stimulator of carcinoid tumour growth. Expression of TGF-alpha and EGF-receptors could also be demonstrated in midgut carcinoids by immunocytochemistry and Northern analysis, suggesting that TGF-alpha participates in the autocrine modulation of carcinoid growth. Co-culture of human midgut carcinoid tumours and rat fetal cholinergic neurons demonstrated secretion of a potent neuronotrophic factor by cultured tumour cells. IGF-I and TGF-alpha may account for these neuronotrophic effects, but carcinoid tumours may also secrete an as yet unidentified growth factor. Gastric (ECL cell) carcinoids developed rapidly in Mastomys during hypergastrinemia due to histamine2-receptor blockade, suggesting that gastrin is an essential growth factor for these carcinoids.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, O, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid induction of enterochromaffinlike cell tumors by histamine2-receptor blockade.
- 1993
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Ingår i: The American journal of pathology. - 0002-9440. ; 142:4, s. 1173-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of acid inhibition on gastric endocrine cells was investigated in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. Long-term treatment (1 to 32 weeks) with an irreversible histamine 2-receptor blocker (loxtidine) caused a sustained increase in plasma gastrin levels, which was accompanied by a gradual increase in histamine and histidine decarboxylase activity of the gastric oxyntic mucosa. The density of endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa increased gradually, doubled by 8 weeks, and was three times that of controls after 24 weeks of treatment. Hyperplastic changes in the endocrine cell population were evident after 2 to 8 weeks in all animals, whereas dysplastic or neoplastic lesions were observed in half the animals after 16, 24, and 32 weeks of treatment. Gross tumors in the oxyntic mucosa were observed in 1/4 of the animals treated for 24 or 32 weeks. Proliferating cells were identified as enterochromaffinlike cells because they were argyrophilic and immunopositive for chromogranin A and histamine. The results demonstrate that histamine 2-receptor blockade initiated by loxtidine promotes a rapid development of enterochromaffinlike cell tumors in Mastomys and suggest a critical role for gastrin in the formation of these tumors. However, the rate and frequency by which carcinoid tumors appeared in Mastomys after acid inhibition was much greater than that reported in other species, indicating that several factors, including hormonal and genetic factors, are important in the development of gastric endocrine tumors.
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| 3. |
- Wängberg, Bo, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Embolisation therapy in the midgut carcinoid syndrome: just tumour ischaemia?
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - 0284-186X. ; 32:2, s. 251-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty-eight patients with midgut carcinoid tumours and disseminated disease were treated at our unit 1986-1991. All patients underwent primary surgery with optimal tumour reduction. Twenty-seven patients with bilobar liver metastases had subsequent embolizations of the hepatic arteries to further reduce the functional tumour mass and were thereafter treated with a low dose of octreotide. The response to this treatment was evaluated by CT at 3 months postembolization. The patients could then be divided into 13 responders (no visible hepatic tumours or more than 50% reduction, group I) and 14 non-responders (less than 50 reduction or progression, group II). When these patients were studied biochemically and in terms of prognosis, the reduction of 5-HIAA levels postembolization was much more pronounced in group I (80 +/- 3%) then in group II (28 +/- 12%). The biochemical and radiological responses were long-lasting in group I, none of the patients needed further ischaemic treatment. Of specific interest were 3 patients with bilobar disease, who after selective unilobar embolisation normalised their 5-HIAA levels and had bilateral tumour regression. These findings indicate involvement of systemic effects in addition to tumour ischaemia alone. The initial biochemical response with marked decrease of 5-HIAA levels in combination with tumour regression may thus serve as an indicator of good prognosis.
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| 4. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenocortical carcinoma--diagnostic and therapeutical implications.
- 1993
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Ingår i: The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica. - 1102-4151. ; 159:3, s. 149-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the results of treatment of a consecutive series of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma who presented during the six year period 1985 to 1991.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Basson, M D, et al.
(författare)
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Biology and management of the midgut carcinoid.
- 1993
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Ingår i: American journal of surgery. - 0002-9610. ; 165:2, s. 288-97
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Midgut carcinoid tumors derive from gut entoderm. These tumors may cause a complex of symptoms comprising the carcinoid syndrome by secreting a wide variety of bioactive agents in addition to serotonin. Such symptoms generally follow metastases to the liver but may also occur in primary ovarian or retroperitoneal tumors. After localization and biochemical characterization, the bioactivity of these tumors should be blocked by octreotide, sometimes in combination with other pharmacologic antagonists, so that primary resection may be performed safely. If curative resection is impossible, then a cytoreductive management scheme should be employed that includes surgical debulking and hepatic arterial embolization, followed by palliation with octreotide.
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| 7. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Growth regulation in carcinoid tumors.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. - 0889-8529. ; 22:4, s. 889-915
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In hormone-producing tumors such as the carcinoids, overproduction of certain hormones may activate proto-oncogenes. Hormones, or growth factors, thus can be of importance for growth regulation. Information is presented on some growth factors and their receptors in this respect and on the involvement of gastrin and its receptor on tumor development in the experimental Mastomys model. The relevance of differential expression of cell adhesion molecules in endocrine tumors is discussed also.
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