| 1. |
- Hedbrant, Johan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Ny mätmetod för käkmuskulaturen kan finna orsaken till tinnitus : Slutrapport Nutek 92-11904
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tinnitus är en åkomma som i lindrigare eller allvarligare former drabbar 17% av västvärldens befolkning. Ca 85 000 svenskar har tinnitus på invalidiserande nivå. Förutom mänskligt lidande orsakar tinnitus samhällskostnader på ca 1.5 miljard kr årligen. Orsaken är till största delen okänd.Vissa tecken tyder på ett samband mellan tinnitus och funktionsstörning i en käkmuskel. Några olika icke–invasiva metoder för mätning av muskelstörning i M Pterygoideus Lateralis har utvärderas. Två av dessa är intressanta för fortsatta studier.Termografi användes för att diagnosticera muskelstörningar på ytligt liggande muskler. Vi såg åtskilliga varma områden på ytliga käk– och nackmuskler på de patienter som hade käkledsstörningar, samt möjligen tecken på onormal värme från M Pterygoideus Lateralis. Mätförhållandena var dock ej ideala.En metod att mäta EMG med adaptiv noise cancelling provades. EMG från en ryggmuskel, stört av en “EKG–signal” från hjärtat användes. Metoden fungerade bra. Fortsatt metodutveckling på t.ex. ryggmuskler borde göras.
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| 2. |
- Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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The relevance of somatostatin receptors in thyroid neoplasia.
- 1997
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Ingår i: The Yale journal of biology and medicine. - 0044-0086. ; 70:5-6, s. 523-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 111In-octreotide scintigraphy in patients with persistent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) visualized tumors in about half of the surgically explored sites. Tumor visualization correlated with rapid tumor growth and large tumor volume as judged from calcitonin levels. The 111In concentration ratio between tumor (T) and blood (B) in surgically excised lymph node metastases of MTC showed a large variation, with low values for microscopic and high values for macroscopic metastases in individual patients. Three cases of MTC, Hürthle cell adenoma and papillary thyroid cancer are reported with preoperative scintigraphy, T/B ratios and Northern analyses of the surgical biopsies. Visualization of tumors was possible in the absence of sstr2 (the high affinity receptor for octreotide) with the exception of microscopic tumor growth. T/B values in the patient with Hürthle cell adenoma were similar to those found in the contralateral thyroid lobe with goitre. The relatively high uptake of 111In in benign thyroid conditions probably limits the use of octreotide scintigraphy in the diagnosis of primary tumors. The technique has certain advantages over radioiodine scintigraphy after the surgical treatment of thyroid tumors: no need for withdrawal of thyroxin substitution; a possibility to diagnose metastases of tumors that do not concentrate radioiodine (MTC, Hürthle cell cancer); and complementary information about metastatic sites of non-medullary thyroid cancer (papillary and follicular tumors).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Early Swedish verb morphology
- 1997
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Ingår i: Studies in Pre- and Protomorphology. - 0029-8832. - 3700126549 ; , s. 73-82
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Without a proper definition, you do not see the phenomenon
- 1997
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Ingår i: Consciousness and its pathologies. San Diego, CA, May 17-18, 1997.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the beginning of the century, pioneer psychiatrists in the classical German school (Kraepelin, Bonhoeffer) had established beyond reasonable doubt the existence of a certain organic mental syndrome or “reaction form”, variously named “Reizbare Schwäche” (irritable weakness) or “Emotionell-hyperaestetisches Schwächezustand” (emotional-hypersensitive weakness state). This reaction form is typically manifested by concentration difficulties, mental fatiguability, secondary memory disturbances, irritability and emotional lability. The term “astheno-emotional disorder” (AED) has recently been suggested. Patients showing this constellation of symptoms are very common in all parts of organic psychiatry, for example after moderate trauma to the brain, in chronic intoxications, in certain chronic infectious states, in endocrine disorders, as the initial manifestation of a brain tumour, after an intracranial bleeding, and so on. Mild forms of the same disorder are sometimes met with in which no organic cause can be found but where the patient has instead suffered great mental stress. The condition usually affects the patients’ ability to work and is often socially handicapping. In spite of the importance of AED, and in spite of its being well-known to most practitioners in each of the separate areas where it occurs, academic psychiatry has displayed very little interest in the condition during the last 40 years, and the major diagnostic systems of today do not allow for a unitary classification of these cases. For example, in DSM-IV a certain share of the mild cases would receive the diagnosis “mild cognitive disorder”, which would however fit neither mild cases with dominating emotional lability nor any of the (equally common) more severe cases. In this paper, I suggest the following causes of the present situation concerning the diagnosis of AED: (1) The astheno-emotional syndrome is often complicated by secondary, psychogenic reactions such as anxiety, feelings of tension and depressive mood, which can be difficult to disentangle from the primary symptoms. Many earlier classificatory attempts in this area (often in terms of “neurasthenia”) stumbled on a failure to distinguish the primary from the secondary symptoms. (2) The fact that the primary symptoms can themselves be psychogenic in nature, and the fact that the etiology cannot always be known for certain, entail that the disorder has to be delimited without recourse to causes. Many systems instead prefer seperate diagnoses for psychogenic cases. (3) Clinically, cases of AED form a continuum, ranging from very mild disturbances without clinical import to severe disturbances justifying a global diagnosis of dementia. Most diagnostic systems of today do not allow for such large-scale gradations of the severity of a disorder. (4) The conceptual apparatus which is used to describe symptoms is often too coarse to be able to distinguish typical symptoms of AED from similar symptoms which do not belong to this disorder. A clear examples of this is “memory difficulties”, which can refer either to a primary memory disturbance of the kind seen in Korsakov’s amnestic disorder or to secondary effects of concentration difficulties, as in mild AED. Another example is the term “emotional disturbance”, which does not differentiate between the emotional flattening typically seen in severe frontolimbic injuries and the emotional instability which is very common in AED. (5) The operationalistic bias in several recent systems of psychiatric classification prohibits hypothetical diagnoses based on knowledge of the interaction between different psychiatric disorders. From longitudinal studies of patients it is clear that the emotional lability and the manifest fatiguability of a patient with AED can both be completely neutralized if the same patient also suffers an emotional flattening. This means that the diagnosis of AED cannot be completely operationalized in terms of present symptoms. (6) The isolation of different parts of organic psychiatry from each other and from general psychiatry implies that few psychiatrists have a sufficiently broad experience to see the full spectrum of AED.
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| 6. |
- Foucard, Tony, 1936, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling av akuta astmabesvär hos barn
- 1997
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Ingår i: Information från Läkemedelsverket. ; 8:6, s. 10-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Foucard, Tony, 1936, et al.
(författare)
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Underhållsbehandling av barn med astma
- 1997
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Ingår i: Information från Läkemedelsverket. ; 8:6, s. 11-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Svantesson, Cecilia
(författare)
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Respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation in health and in disease
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The elastic pressure-volume (Pel-V) curve of the respiratory system can be used as a guide for improved ventilator management. It may indicate risks of lung damage associated with collapse or overdistension of lung units. The work described in this thesis was aimed at developing methods for the determination and characterisation of the Pel-V curve under static and dynamic conditions and at a better understanding of the Pel-V relationship in health and disease. A Servo Ventilator 900C, controlled by a computer, allowed standardised and accurate recording of extended Pel-V curves. The flow interruption technique was used to determine static Pel-V (Pel,st-V) curves and viscoelastic pressure-volume loops. A method for the determination of the dynamic Pel-V curve during a single prolonged insufflation, which can be used in clinical routines, was developed. An iterative technique was applied for the estimation of parameters characterising the elastic and viscoelastic behaviour of the respiratory system according to linear and non-linear models. During ventilation with small tidal volumes, the Pel,st-V curve was essentially linear in health and disease. At larger tidal volumes it was non-linear. Hysteresis in the Pel,st-V curve was very small in healthy humans and rabbits and in patients with critical lung disease of various kinds. The viscoelastic behaviour was best described by a non-linear model. The high viscoelastic recoil pressure observed at high volumes may contribute to lung damage. The influence of collapse and recruitment on the Pel-V curve in healthy subjects is not limited to the lower part of the curve, but extends up to high volumes and pressures. The conceptual and technical development, as described in this thesis, will hopefully pave the way for a better general understanding of the physiology behind the features of the Pel-V curve and for its use in ventilator management in clinical routines.
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| 9. |
- Wallin, Lena
(författare)
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99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of acute pyelonephritis in children.
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to define and evaluate a strategy for identification of children who are at risk of developing progressive renal lesions after acute pyelonephritis. Tc-DMSA renal scintigraphy is widely accepted as the most sensitive method for detecting parenchymal lesions and diagnosing acute pyelonephritis. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation standards were elaborated to improve the interpretation of DMSA scintigraphy. The normal DMSA distribution pattern, the average background uptake, and scintigraphic kidney length according to age were assessed in 95 presumably healthy kidneys. Furthermore, typical DMSA distribution patterns in acute pyelonephritis were assessed on 65 kidneys in 38 children, and typical DMSA distribution patterns of 152 kidneys with vesicoureteric reflux in 101 children with and without previous pyelonephritis. Measurement of scintigraphic kidney length, width and volume was validated in piglets and on a kidney phantom. The scintigraphic kidney length was found to be an accurate measure of renal size, whereas kidney width and volume were less reliable, at least on small kidneys. Criteria of kidney swelling in acute pyelonephritis were defined, and found to be beneficial for identifying reinfections in the absence of clinical symptoms. In 34 children with acute pyelonephritis quantitative and qualitative DMSA scintigraphic findings were correlated to clinical symptoms and laboratory data, in the acute stage and at follow-up. We found that a quantitative DMSA scintigraphy in the acute stage of pyelonephritis and again after one year will identify children who are at risk of developing progressive renal lesions. Qualitative assessment of DMSA distribution pattern is not reliable enough in this respect.
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| 10. |
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