| 1. |
- Aronson, Marita, et al.
(författare)
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Attention deficits and autistic spectrum problems in children exposed to alcohol during gestation: a follow-up study
- 1997
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 39:9, s. 583-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children born to mothers who had abused alcohol throughout pregnancy had severe behavioural and intellectual problems which remained at age 11 to 14 years. Of 24 children examined, 10 had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without developmental coordination disorder, two had Asperger syndrome, and one had an autistic-like condition not meeting the criteria for Asperger syndrome. Six of these 24 attended special schools for the mentally retarded and a further 11 were given special education, leaving only seven attending regular schools without any type of support. The children had difficulties in mathematics, logical conclusions, visual perception, spatial relations, short-term memory, and attention. Sixteen children lived in foster homes. There was a clear correlation between the occurrence and severity of the neuropsychiatric disorder and the degree of alcohol exposure in utero.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Autism in 3-6-Year-Old Children in a Suburb of Goteborg, Sweden
- 1997
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Ingår i: Autism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1362-3613 .- 1461-7005. ; 1:2, s. 163-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1941 ofthe 3-6-year-old children living in a community outside Gbteborg on the Swedish west coast were screened with a view to identifying all individuals with severe degrees of autistic behaviour. All children in the population were known to well baby clinic staff, and any child suspected of suffering from autism was referred to a specialized clinical research team. The nurses and doctors working in the well baby clinics were well informed about autism. Clinical and ADI-R diagnoses of autism were established after thorough clinical assessments of each suspected case. All children were seen at least twice, and all were over the age of 3 years at the time of diagnosis. The general population prevalence for autism was 3 I in I o,ooo children (9; percent confidence interval 7/ g;). Classic Kanner autism was found in I o in Io,ooo children (9; percent confidence interval-4/24). These rates appear to reflect higher rates than previously reported. Some reasons for the possibly higher prevalence are discussed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ehlers, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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Asperger syndrome, autism and attention disorders: a comparative study of the cognitive profiles of 120 children.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 38:2, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was applied (in a Swedish version) in 120 children with Asperger syndrome, autistic disorder, and attention disorders. Using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the WISC's discriminating ability was investigated. The overall rate of correct diagnostic classification was 63%. Further, WISC profiles were analysed within each group. The group with autistic disorder was characterised by a peak on Block Design. The Asperger syndrome group had good verbal ability and troughs on Object Assembly and Coding. The group with attention disorders had troughs on Coding and Arithmetic. The results suggest that Kaufman's Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organisation and Freedom from Distractibility factors rather than verbal IQ and performance IQ account for the variance on the WISC. Furthermore, the Asperger syndrome and autistic disorder groups differed in respect of "fluid" and "crystallised" cognitive ability.
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| 5. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Possible effects of tetrahydrobiopterin treatment in six children with autism--clinical and positron emission tomography data: a pilot study.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 39:5, s. 313-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six children, between 3 and 5 years of age, having infantile autism according to DSM-III-R, were treated for 3 months with 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (R-BH4), a cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylases in the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines and serotonin. A criterion for inclusion in the study was a relatively low level of R-BH4 in the cerebrospinal fluid. For clinical evaluation, the Parental Satisfaction Survey (PASS) was used every fourth week and the Griffiths Developmental Scales were used before starting and 3 months after completing the treatment. During the treatment period, all parents reported improvements in the child's social functioning-mainly eye contact and desire to interact-and in the number of words or sounds which the child used. Small positive changes were noted on the Griffiths Developmental Scales between the two testing occasions. R-BH4 levels in CSF increased significantly after treatment. The positron emission tomography (PET) study showed that the high value of dopamine D2 receptor binding in the caudate and putamen decreased by about 10% towards the normal level after treatment with R-BH4. The observations in this open study indicate that the drug might be useful for a subgroup of children with autism, but there is a need for a larger double-blind study with a longer treatment period.
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| 6. |
- Flakierska-Praquin, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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School phobia with separation anxiety disorder: a comparative 20- to 29-year follow-up study of 35 school refusers.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X. ; 38:1, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outcome of school phobia after age 30 years was studied with the hypothesis that school phobia cases would have persisting psychiatric problems, but would function better than nonschool refusal psychiatric patients. The subjects consisted of three groups. Thirty-five individuals treated for school phobia at ages 7 to 12 years were compared with age- and sex-matched nonschool refusal child psychiatric patients (n = 35) and a sample from the general population (n = 35). School phobia cases had had more psychiatric consultation, lived with their parents more often than the general population group, and had fewer children than both comparison groups. The nonschool refusal child psychiatric patients had poorer psychosocial adjustment and higher rates of criminal offenses. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950
(författare)
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 86:8, s. 791-792
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory Integration Training in Children with Autism : Brief Report of an Open Pilot Study
- 1997
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Ingår i: Autism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1362-3613 .- 1461-7005. ; 1:1, s. 97-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nine children aged 3-I 6 years with an autistic disorder were given auditory integration training for half-hour sessions during 10 days according to guidelines suggested by Guy Berard. No significant change in overall autistic symptom level could be documented 9 months later. However a small but non-significant reduction of 'sensory problems' as rated by the Autism Behaviour Checklist was noted.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950
(författare)
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Communication in Rett syndrome complex.
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - 1018-8827. ; 6 Suppl 1, s. 21-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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