| 1. |
- Södergård, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Intima kroppsberöringar och intimt tal mellan föräldrar och barn
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet är att studera förekomst av intima kroppsberöringar och intimt tal mellan föräldrar och barn upp till 12 års ålder. Ett antal föräldrar (50 kvinnor, 46 mmän) besvarade en utdelad enkät. Enligt resultaten förekommer intima beröringar i en mängd varierande situationer, t ex toabesök, sovande, nyfikenhet, tröst, amning, bad, lek, medicinsk anledning. Mer än hälften av alla beröringar från föräldrar gentemot egna barn sker vid hygienskötsel. Barn kommenterar skillnader mellan könen, mellan sig själv och vuxna och kommenterar amning och graviditet, könsorgan och bröst samt ställer frågor inom dessa områden.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Kristina
(författare)
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Specific Language Impairment in Swedish: Grammar and Interaction
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this work was to explore grammar in Swedish children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), that is children with impaired language development in the presence of normal hearing and otherwise normal development. In four differents studies, spontaneous data from six children with SLI were analysed and compared with data from either younger children with phonological impairment but normal grammar (PI), or from younger controls with typical development. The children with SLI were matched to their controls on the basis of mean length of utterance (MLU). One of the studies also includes longitudinal data. A fifth study includes experimental data from 10 children with SLI and 10 younger language matched controls. The results showed that in particular word order, verb forms requiring an auxiliary or a modal, and subordination were structures where the Swedish children with SLI differed from their controls. The children with SLI were further found to have a higher amount of hesitation phenomena than children with PI. These two groups also differed with respect to qualitative aspects of their maze behaviour. The conversational partner was not found to influence structural aspects of the language production of children with SLI or PI. The conversational partner did, however, influence the interactive behavior and the productivity of the children. Clinically, the pinpointing of vulnerable structures have important implications for the assessment of children with language impairment in Sweden. The analysis of the influence of the conversational partner can have implications for therapy, if further developed. The results point to the importance of investigating SLI in different languages.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Persson, Liselott
(författare)
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Cervical Radiculopathy. Effects of Surgery, Physiotherapy or Cervical Collar. A prospective, randomised study.
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The efficacy of surgery, physiotherapy or a cervical collar in the treatment of chronic cervicobrachial pain of radicular origin was evaluated in a prospective, randomised study comprising 81 patients of both sexes, 28-64 years of age, referred for possible neurosurgical treatment. After neurological and radiological examination and giving their informed consent, they were randomised to one of the three treatments. The surgery group underwent anterior decompression and single level fusion by bovine graft. The conservatively treated groups received individual physiotherapy or a rigid cervical collar for three months. The effects were evaluated at three months and 12 months later with respect to pain, tender points, sensory disturbance, muscle strength, neck and shoulder joint mobility, postural control, mood and health status. All treated groups improved, although the improvement rate differed. The surgically treated group was significantly better at three months, but one year later, there was no significant difference between the three groups. The studies variables also included the patients? balance in comparison with a healthy control group and the occurrence of headache. Before treatment, the patients manifested significantly poorer postural control than sex and age- matched controls. Three months after treatment the surgery group showed a significantly improved postural performance and the collar group showed the poorest. Forty-nine of the 81 patients were classified as having cervical headache and 24 of these reported that their headache had improved at the three months? control. Patients with cervical headache reported significantly more cervicobrachial pain and higher tenderness score than patients with cervical radiculopathy with no headache. No one-year follow-up was performed concerning balance and headache. It may be concluded that pain intensity, sensory disturbance, muscle strength and health status can be expected to improve most rapidly after surgery, but a slow improvement with conservative treatments makes the one-year results about equal.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hedlin, Gunilla, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Astma
- 1998
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Ingår i: Allergi och astma hos barn, Andra upplagan. - Lund : Svenska Barnläkarföreningens sektion för Barn- och ungdomsallergologi och Draco Läkemedel AB. - 9186058622 ; , s. 213-277
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Konrádsson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Gör balansprov på alla döva småbarn! : Tidig upptäckt av Ushers syndrom ökar möjligheterna till kommunikation vid senare dövblindhet
- 1998
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 95:5, s. 81-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although deaf children depend upon sight for communication, retinitis pigmentosa is present in 6 per cent of those with a profound hearing deficit. Usher syndrome type 1 (USH-1) is an autosomal recessive disease characterised by profound hearing impairment, absent vestibular function, and progressive loss of vision due to retinitis pigmentosa. Owing to the severe handicap of the combined disorders, early diagnosis of USH-1 is of crucial importance. The profound hearing deficit is often detected at hearing tests in infancy, but as the sight problems do not develop until later diagnosis is often delayed. The diagnosis of Usher's syndrome is established by electroretinography (ERG), as confirmation of the retinitis pigmentosa is a prerequisite. As the progressive deterioration of sight hinders the use of sign language, a cochlear implant constitutes an invaluable aid at an early age. Early diagnosis is thus of both medical and educative importance. To avoid delay in diagnosis past the age when optimal results may be expected from a cochlear implant, a screening test was sought for infants with profound hearing loss to identify those at increased risk of USH-1, for whom ERG is a priority. Although conventional vestibular testing methods are not well tolerated by infants, with recently developed equipment for video or CCI) (charge-coupled device) camera inspection of eye movements, vestibular screening can now be performed in the office. In our experience it is possible to screen most infants, given a careful approach by the investigator. Children with clinically diagnosed USH-1, without any vestibulo-ocular reflex, manifested no vestibular responses during 'video-nystagmoscopy' when rotated on the parent's lap, preliminary findings strongly suggest that vestibular function should be tested in all children with a profound congenital hearing deficit, as it is important for children with USH-1 to be provided with a cochlear implant permitting aural reception of communication from the environment at an early age, because of the progressive deterioration of vision and the ultimate double handicap.
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| 8. |
- Rydén Ahlgren, Åsa
(författare)
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Arterial wall stiffness in man. On gender differences and abnormalities in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The mechanical properties of major arteries may reflect early manifestations of vascular disease and are also of interest because they are important for cardiac work. Using echo-tracking sonography and blood pressure measurements, arterial stiffness and diameters were investigated in healthy individuals as well as in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha1-AT deficiency). In healthy individuals the stiffness of the abdominal aorta (AO) and the common carotid artery (CCA) increases with age and the diameters increase. These changes are more pronounced in the AO than in the CCA. Further, there are gender differences. This may serve as a background to regional as well as gender differences in the development of vascular disease. In IDDM, stiffness was increased in both the AO and the CCA in women compared to controls. In contrast, there was no difference in stiffness between men with IDDM and controls. Thus, a marked gender-difference in changes of arterial stiffness is found in IDDM. The increased AO stiffness in IDDM women is related to the duration of diabetes. Further, independent of the duration, there is an association between increased AO stiffness and autonomic dysfunction. Increased arterial stiffness in women with IDDM may contribute to the particularly increased risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetic women. To evaluate if alpha1-AT deficiency is a pathogenetic factor in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the diameter and stiffness of the AO in patients with homozygous alpha1-AT deficiency (PiZZ) were investigated. No difference in the AO diameter compared to controls was found. Men, but not women, had lower AO stiffness than controls. Further, the prevalence of alpha1-AT deficiency (PiZ) in patients with AAA was studied. There was no increase in alpha1-AT deficiency (PiZ) in the patients with AAA compared with the general population. Thus, alpha1-AT deficiency does not seem to be an important pathogenetic factor for the development of AAA.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Adner, Mikael
(författare)
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Altered expression of contractile endothelin receptors in the vascular bed
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims at characterizing the endothelin (ET) receptors in different vascular beds of man and rat. The ET-A receptor was shown to be the only contractile ET receptor present in all vascular regions, with the exception of the rat mesenteric vein where a weak ET-B receptor-mediated contraction was seen. Treatment with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to the ET-A receptor mRNA during organ culture showed a decrease of the ET-1-induced contraction in the human temporal artery. However, in human omental arteries there was an increase in response to ET-B receptor agonists together with an increase of ET-B receptor mRNA following organ culture. This phenomenon suggests that contraction is due to upregulation of ET-B receptors. The level of expression of contractile ET-B receptors varies among different vascular regions following organ culture; it is most enhanced in small arteries and veins, whereas it is low or absent in large arteries. The upregulation seems to be most pronounced in the mesenteric region. The culture medium components do not induce upregulation of ET-B receptors, since there was no difference between addition of foetal calf serum or buffer solution. However, when the physiological conditions were altered, by the exclusion of energy supply (glucose) or during culture below normal temperature (at 4 °C), the upregulation was attenuated or totally blunted. This indicates that the phenomenon is a metabolically active process. Experiments with and without endothelium or tension did not alter the level of ET-B receptor expression. This suggests that there is no intrinsic mechanisms that keeps the ET-B receptors at low expression levels. ET-B receptors are shown to be upregulated in several vascular diseases. The use of organ culture can be a very useful tool to study both the function and the regulation of contractile ET-B receptors.
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