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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) ;srt2:(1990-1999);srt2:(1998);pers:(Andersson M)"

Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) > (1990-1999) > (1998) > Andersson M

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1.
  • Goffeng, A R, et al. (författare)
  • Objective methods cannot predict anal incontinence after primary repair of extensive anal tears.
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6349. ; 77:4, s. 439-43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An increased awareness of anal incontinence after delivery tears has developed during the last years. The aim of this study was to compare complaints with the results of physiological methods in women with complete sphincter ruptures primarily repaired at delivery.Twenty-seven women, 16 with total rupture of the external anal sphincter and 11 who also had a ruptured internal anal sphincter were studied. Interviews on pelvic floor function, investigation with recto-anal manometry, single fiber EMG and anal endosonography were performed at 11.9 (2.5) months after delivery. Fifteen women vaginally delivered without sphincter rupture served as controls.Pelvic floor dysfunction was admitted in 74%, in particular gas incontinence (59%). Maximum squeeze pressure was significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to controls, while resting anal pressure was unaffected. Fiber density was increased in 81% of patients and 91% had detectable defects on endosonography. Neither the degree of rupture nor the presence of complaints significantly correlated to the objective methods.A majority of women with primarily repaired anal sphincter ruptures at delivery were incontinent. Sphincter defects and signs of neuropathy could not precisely predict symptoms.
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2.
  • Cervin, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Intranasal steroids and septum perforation--an overlooked complication? A description of the course of events and a discussion of the causes
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 36:3, s. 128-132
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of intranasal steroids for the treatment of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis has doubled during the past 5 years. The number of reported cases of nasal septum perforation has increased correspondingly. The mechanism behind this is unknown, and steroid-induced septum perforation is rarely described in the literature. In order to describe the course of events and to form an idea of the extent of the problem, we have reviewed the cases reported at our clinic and compiled reports on side-effects from the Swedish Medical Products Agency. In our department we found 32 patients with septum perforation (21 women and 11 men). The most common risk factor for septum perforation was steroid treatment, 11 cases (10 women, 1 man, average age 33 years, range 19-49 years). The information obtained from the Swedish Medical Products Agency showed that 38 cases of steroid induced septum perforation had been reported during the past 10 years. The number of side-effects per million Defined Daily Dose (DDD) was averaged to 0.21. The risk of perforation is greatest during the first 12 months of treatment and the majority of cases involves young women. We conclude that septum perforation due to nasal sprays are underreported in Sweden and that perforations are most likely to appear in young females during their first months of medication.
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3.
  • Erjefält, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Cytolysis and piecemeal degranulation as distinct modes of activation of airway mucosal eosinophils
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 1097-6825. ; 102:2, s. 286-294
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Cytotoxic eosinophil granule proteins are considered important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma, rhinitis, and polyposis. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the deposition of these tissue-damaging granular products in vivo. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the occurrence of degranulating eosinophils, those with morphologic evidence of cytolysis with associated clusters of free eosinophil granules (Cfegs), and to identify the frequency of apoptotic eosinophils in inflamed upper airway tissue. METHODS: Eosinophil-rich nasal polyps were processed for transmission electron microscopy and for light microscopic evaluation of whole-mount preparations subjected to deep tissue staining for eosinophil peroxidase. RESULTS: The mean proportion of eosinophil subtypes were intact and resting (6.8%), intact but degranulating (83%), cytolytic or Cfegs (9.9%), and apoptotic (0.0%). All degranulating eosinophils exhibited piecemeal degranulation. The occurrence of Cfegs was confirmed in nonsectioned whole-mount preparations. Depending on the appearance of their core and matrix, the specific granules were divided into four subtypes, and a degranulation index (altered per total granules) was calculated for each eosinophil. Cytolytic eosinophils had a much lower degranulation index than intact eosinophils present in the same tissue (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that eosinophil cytolysis is present in human airway mucosa, that its occurrence is not an artifact of the means of tissue handling, and that cytolysis of eosinophils may occur without prior extensive degranulation. We suggest that eosinophil cytolysis is a major activation mechanism, which occurs along with, but is distinct from, other types of degranulation.
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4.
  • Greiff, Lennart, et al. (författare)
  • Generation of clusters of free eosinophil granules (Cfegs) in seasonal allergic rhinitis
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Allergy. - 1398-9995. ; 53:2, s. 200-203
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Generation of clusters of free eosinophil granules (Cfegs), through lysis of eosinophils, has recently been proposed as a major paradigm for ultimate activation of airway mucosal eosinophils. In the present study involving patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, we have investigated whether generation of Cfegs in the nasal mucosa is a feature of allergic rhinitis. Nasal mucosal biopsies were obtained before and late in a birch-pollen season, and were subjected to histochemical staining of eosinophil peroxidase. In biopsies obtained before the pollen season, a few, intact eosinophils were observed, and Cfegs were scarce. In biopsies taken during the pollen season, the numbers of eosinophils were increased about 10-fold (P < 0.05) and the Cfegs about 25-fold (P < 0.05). We conclude that generation of Cfegs is a significant feature of seasonal allergic rhinitis and that this process represents the ultimate activation of mucosal eosinophils in this disease.
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5.
  • Persson, Carl, et al. (författare)
  • Plasma-derived proteins in airway defence, disease and repair of epithelial injury
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - 1399-3003. ; 11:4, s. 958-970
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One significant characteristic of the airway mucosa in vivo, that cannot easily be mimicked in vitro, is its microcirculation, which generates a highly dynamic, biologically active milieu of plasma-derived molecules that may pass to the airway lumen in vivo. New data on the mechanisms of airway mucosal exudation indicate that the protein systems of circulating plasma may contribute significantly to the biology and immunology of the lamina propria, its surface epithelium and the luminal surface, not only in injured airways, but also in airways that are activated but display no sign of oedema, epithelial disruption, or increased absorption capacity. We suggest that present knowledge of the mechanisms of plasma exudation, together with rapidly emerging information (not detailed herein) on receptors, target cells and cellular responses to the plasma-derived molecules, must be considered in any realistic model that investigates "immuno-inflammatory" mechanisms of the airway mucosa.
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