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- Brorsson, Sofia, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound evaluation in combination with finger extension force measurements of the forearm musculus extensor digitorum communis in healthy subjects
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Imaging. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2342. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of an ultrasound-based method of examining extensor muscle architecture, especially the parameters important for force development. This paper presents the combination of two non-invasive methods for studying the extensor muscle architecture using ultrasound simultaneously with finger extension force measurements.Methods:M. extensor digitorum communis (EDC) was examined in 40 healthy subjects, 20 women and 20 men, aged 35-73 years. Ultrasound measurements were made in a relaxed position of the hand as well as in full contraction. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), pennation angle and contraction patterns were measured with ultrasound, and muscle volume and fascicle length were also estimated. Finger extension force was measured using a newly developed finger force measurement device.Results:The following muscle parameters were determined: CSA, circumference, thickness, pennation angles and changes in shape of the muscle CSA. The mean EDC volume in men was 28.3 cm3 and in women 16.6 cm3. The mean CSA was 2.54 cm2 for men and 1.84 cm2 for women. The mean pennation angle for men was 6.5° and for women 5.5°. The mean muscle thickness for men was 1.2 cm and for women 0.76 cm. The mean fascicle length for men was 7.3 cm and for women 5.0 cm. Significant differences were found between men and women regarding EDC volume (p < 0.001), CSA (p < 0.001), pennation angle (p < 0.05), muscle thickness (p < 0.001), fascicle length (p < 0.001) and finger force (p < 0.001). Changes in the shape of muscle architecture during contraction were more pronounced in men than women (p < 0.01). The mean finger extension force for men was 96.7 N and for women 39.6 N. Muscle parameters related to the extension force differed between men and women. For men the muscle volume and muscle CSA were related to extension force, while for women muscle thickness was related to the extension force.Conclusion:Ultrasound is a useful tool for studying muscle architectures in EDC. Muscle parameters of importance for force development were identified. Knowledge concerning the correlation between muscle dynamics and force is of importance for the development of new hand training programmes and rehabilitation after surgery.© 2008 Brorsson et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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| 3. |
- Rosén, Bengt Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Topographical characterisation of artificial femoral heads : a Benchmarking study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 257:12, s. 1275-1280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main functional demands on artificial joints are that they last more than 20 years. This means optimising the friction coefficient to minimise forces transmitted to the surrounding bone and the wear of the contacting surfaces. Surface roughness has an important influence on friction and wear. Traditionally, the 2D Ra-parameter has been the preferred way to characterise the joint's topography. Today ongoing development of 3D techniques are available for the research, and the aim of the present paper is to highlight the importance and possibilities using high-resolution 3D atomic force microscope ( AFM) and the optical phase-shifting interferometer for texture characterisation of eight commercially available femoral heads. The results show a significant variation of topography and surface-lay for the different femoral heads in the study. The variation and difference between heads were further underlined by the use of different characterisation techniques and measuring strategy. Results highlight the importance of the selection of measurement strategy, parameters, instrumentation, and scale of measurement in order properly to characterise the femoral heads in this study.
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| 5. |
- Asker-Árnason, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Process and product in writing : A methodological contribution to the assessment of written narratives in 8-12 year old Swedish children using ScriptLog
- 2008
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Ingår i: Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology. - Oslo : Scandinavian University Press. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 33:3, s. 143-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-seven children, with typical language development (TLD), 8-10 years old and 10-12 years old, were assessed with keystroke-logging in order to investigate their narrative writing. Measures of the writing process and the written product were used. One purpose was to explore how children produce written narratives in on-line production, and to relate the writing process to the written product. The results showed that those children who produced the final text faster, also wrote stories that comprised of more words. In the group of older children, children with better narrative ability used less pause time than those with worse ability, and the girls were faster writers than the boys. We believe that keystroke-logging gives valuable information for the assessment of young children's writing and that it is a potentially valid assessment tool for children from about 10 years of age.
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| 6. |
- Behrns, Ingrid, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between written and spoken narratives in aphasia
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0269-9206 .- 1464-5076. ; 23:7, s. 507-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to explore how a personal narrative told by a group of eight persons with aphasia differed between written and spoken language, and to compare this with findings from 10 participants in a reference group. The stories were analysed through holistic assessments made by 60 participants without experience of aphasia and through measurement of lexical and syntactic variables. The findings showed that the participants with aphasia generally received lower ratings than the reference group, but also that stories written by participants with aphasia were rated as easier to understand, more interesting, and more coherent than the group’s spoken stories. Regression analysis showed that syntax could predict several of the rated variables for the stories told by the participants with aphasia. Results point to the need to include writing training in language rehabilitation in order to increase the ability for persons with aphasia to participate in communicative situations in everyday life.
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| 7. |
- Wendt, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Trust and confirmation in a gynecologic examination situation : A critical incident technique analysis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - Copenhagen : Blackwell. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 83, s. 1208-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gynecologic examination is a common measure in reproductive health care. Many women experience the examination as a more or less negative event, with shortcomings in the examiner's behavior. The aim of the study was to describe, in terms of critical incidences, women's experiences concerning the personnel's behavior in the situation of gynecologic examination. Methods. The informants were strategically chosen and consisted of 30 Swedish women between the ages of 18-82 years old. The data collection method was qualitative research interviews analyzed by critical incident technique. Results. The result consisted of 30 subcategories, five categories, and two main areas - trust and confirmation. The personnel enabled trust when they promoted participation, created confidence, and were supportive. The opposite behavior contributed to the lack of trust. Confirmation described behavior that confirmed, respectively, did not confirm the women. This was shown through the presence or lack of respect and engagement. Conclusion. The personnel's positive behavior enabled trust and confirmed the women as individuals, while negative behavior was decisive in an unfavorable way. A complexity of patterns of knowing in nursing was identified. Participation through information that contributed to trust was important and amounted to one fourth of the incidents in the material. Respect and engagement, which confirmed the women, facilitated a positive caring relationship. The examination situation can be improved through reflection of the personnel's own behavior and further research about women's own experiences.
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| 8. |
- Adamsson, Viola, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a Nordic diet on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in hypercholesterolemic subjects: a randomized controlled study
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Apart from lipid-lowering drugs, dietary changes can also reduce plasma LDL-C concentrations. No studies have been conducted to investigate the clinical effects of a diet with traditional foods originating from the Nordic countries. Method: In a randomised, controlled parallel-group intervention study 88 mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women were randomized to either an ad libitum Nordic diet (ND) or a control diet (CD) for 6 weeks. All meals and foods were provided to the participants in the ND group. Primary outcome measure was LDL-cholesterol, and secondary outcomes were blood pressure, plasma insulin and glucose concentrations. The ND was a high-fibre diet rich in plant foods (fruit, berries, vegetables, root vegetables, whole grain cereals and legumes), vegetable fats (rapeseed oil and nuts) and fatty fish, low-fat milk products, but low in salt, added sugars, saturated fats and red meats. Result: 86 subjects completed the study. Distribution of carbohydrates, fat and protein (E%) in ND was 54, 27, 19, respectively. ND lowered plasma total cholesterol 0.98±0.75 mmol/l (-16%), LDL-C by 0.83±0.67 mmol/l (-21%), HDL-C 0.08±0.23 mmol/l (-5%), including reduced LDL/HDL ratio by -0.42±0.57 (-14%) (all p<0.01 versus controls). Insulin concentrations decreased by 0.51± 2.25 (-9%, p=0.01) and systolic blood pressure by 7±13 mmHg (-5%, P<0.01) compared to controls. Despite diets were eaten ad libitum, body weight decreased by 3.0 kg in the ND (P<0.001). No significant differences were found for diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides or plasma glucose. Conclusion: A Nordic diet improves blood lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity as well as lowering blood pressure to a clinically significant extent in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Susann, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Upplevelse av hälsobefrämjande egenvård vid reumatisk sjukdom
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BakgrundPersoner med reumatiska sjukdomar skattar sitt hälsostatus lågt. Hälsostatus och tron på den egna förmågan att kunna påverka hälsan påverkar i sin tur valet av egenvårdsbeteenden. Egenvårdsbeteenden är vanliga och kan förhindra försämrad hälsa och förlust av värdefull fysisk och psykisk aktivitet. Kunskaperna är små om hur personer med reumatiska sjukdomar upplever att utföra egenvård. Syftet är därmed att beskriva hur personer med reumatiska sjukdomar erfar att utföra egenvård för att nå hälsa.MetodStudien har en kvalitativ design med en fenomenlogisk ansats och en livsvärldsteoretisk grund. Data har samlats in genom ostrukturerade och öppna intervjuer med 12 personer med olika diagnostiserade reumatiska sjukdomar.ResultatPersoner med reumatiska sjukdomar upplever att egenvård är ett sätt att leva och att det innebär att ständigt vara redo för att förstå och reagera på signaler från den levda kroppen. Egenvård upplevs som en inre dialog inom den levda kroppen, men också en yttre dialog med närmiljön. Egenvård beskrivs också som en maktkamp där personen strävar efter och tvingar sig att kämpa mot sjukdomen och dess konkreta konsekvenser. Egenvården kräver också att val görs. Avgörande för valet är att personen har tillit till sig själv och tror på sin egen förmåga att välja hälsobefrämjande egenvård. Personer med reumatiska sjukdomar prioriterar egenvård som upplevs som positiv och/eller ger en belöning till den levda kroppen.SammanfattningPersoner med reumatiska sjukdomar upplever egenvård som ett sätt att leva och det innebär att vara i beredskap för att förstå och reagera på signaler som den levda kroppen sänder ut. Egenvård kräver dialog, maktkamp och val. Denna kunskap bidrar till en mer fullständig förståelse av faktorer som från ett patientperspektiv är viktiga för hälsan vid kronisk reumatisk sjukdom.
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