| 1. |
- Larsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral and central visual fields in 11-year-old children who had been born prematurely and at term
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. - : SLACK, Inc.. - 0191-3913 .- 1938-2405. ; 41, s. 39-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To examine the peripheral and central visual fields in children who had been born prematurely and at term. METHODS: Four groups of 11-year-old children were examined: group 1 included 24 children who had been born at term (control group); group 2 included 20 children who had been born prematurely without ROP; group 3 included 22 children who had been born prematurely with untreated ROP (stages 2 and 3); and group 4 included 21 children who had been born prematurely and underwent cryotreatment for severe ROP. Their peripheral visual fields were examined with Goldmann perimetry. Static high-pass resolution perimetry was used to evaluate their central visual fields within 30 degrees. RESULTS: The peripheral visual fields were constricted in children who had undergone cryotreatment (group 4), as compared with the other groups (1 to 3). We found no difference between the groups of children who had been born prematurely with or without ROP (groups 2 and 3) and the control group. The function of the central visual fields, expressed as neural capacity, was reduced in the children who had been born prematurely compared with the controls, significantly in their left eyes only. The children who underwent cryotreament did not differ from the other children who had been born prematurely in this respect. CONCLUSIONS: The peripheral visual fields were constricted in children who had undergone cryotreatment. It is uncertain whether this was caused by the treatment or by severe ROP. The central visual fields showed a tendency of reduced neural capacity in the children who had been born prematurely, reflecting a reduced density of retinocortical neural channels. However, this was not related to ROP or cryotreatment.
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| 2. |
- Martin, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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Visual function in young adults following intrauterine growth retardation
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. - : SLACK, Inc.. ; 41:4, s. 212-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) resulting in infants born small for gestational age is a known risk factor for neurologic deficits and may predispose to poor cognitive development later in life. We recently found an association between IUGR and a reduced neuroretinal rim area at 18 years of age. We evaluated the possible association between IUGR and visual function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 26 subjects who had been born small for gestational age and 20 subjects whose birth weights were appropriate for gestational age (controls) using letter acuity thresholds, color vision testing, full-threshold frequency doubling technology perimetry, and rarebit perimetry at 18 years of age. gestational age had a rarebit hit rate below the normal range as compared with none of the controls (P = .006). These 8 subjects had a significantly smaller rim-disc ratio compared with the subjects who were small for gestational age who had a normal rarebit hit rate (P = .047). The frequency doubling technology indices did not differ significantly between the control group and the group that was small for gestational age, nor did the visual acuity, refraction, and color vision test results. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that IUGR is associated with an increased rate of impaired visual function, which can be detected by using rarebit perimetry but not frequency doubling technology perimetry, visual acuity, or color vision tests.
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| 5. |
- Åslund, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Shaming experiences and the association between adolescent depression and psychosocial risk factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - Uppsala Univ, Clin Res Ctr, Cent Hosp Vasteras, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden. Karlstad Univ, Dept Social Sci, Karlstad, Sweden. Lillehammer Univ Coll, Fac Hlth & Social Studies, Lillehammer, Norway. : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 16:5, s. 298-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether psychosocial risk factors such as parental separation, parental unemployment and experiences of sexual abuse are associated with adolescent depression, and whether shaming experiences (defined as experiences of being degraded, or ridiculed by others) may account for such an association. Method A total of 5048 Swedish adolescents answered the Survey of Adolescent Life in Vestmanland 2004 (SALVe—2004) during classhours. The survey included questions about depressive symptoms, parental separation, parental unemployment and experiences of sexual abuse. Results The psychosocial risk factors studied were all associated with depression, but several of these associations became non-significant when a factor for shaming experiences was entered into the models. The explained variance for depression furthermore increased from approximately 4–7% to 17–20% when shame was included. Conclusion Shaming experiences may mediate part of the association between psychosocial risk factors and depression. These findings may have important implications for the understanding of psychotherapeutic treatment of the effects of risk factors in depressed patients.
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| 6. |
- Hellgren, K., et al.
(författare)
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Visual and cerebral sequelae of very low birth weight in adolescents
- 2007
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Ingår i: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. - : BMJ. - 1359-2998 .- 1468-2052. ; 92:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the visual functions and relate them to MRI findings and the intellectual level in adolescents born with very low birth weight (VLBW). DESIGN: Population-based case-control study. PATIENTS: 59 15-year-old VLBW adolescents and 55 sex and age-matched controls with normal birth weight. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Objective clinical findings (visual acuity, stereo acuity and cycloplegic refraction) were recorded. Structured history taking was used to identify visual difficulties. The intellectual level was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). All VLBW adolescents underwent MRI of the brain. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the VLBW adolescents and controls regarding visual acuity (median -0.11 and -0.2, respectively; p=0.004), stereo acuity (median 60'' and 30'', respectively; p<0.001), prevalence of astigmatism (11/58 and 0/55, respectively; p<0.001) and in full-scale IQ (mean IQ 85 and 97, respectively; p<0.001) and performance IQ (mean 87 and 99, respectively; p=0.002). The structured history also revealed a borderline significant difference between the groups (mean problems 0.46 and 0.15 respectively; p=0.051). 30% (17/57) of the VLBW adolescents had abnormal MRI findings and performed worse in all tests, compared with both the VLBW adolescents without MRI pathology and the normal controls. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous observations that VLBW adolescents are at a disadvantage regarding visual outcome compared with those with normal birth weight. In 47%, visual dysfunction was associated with abnormal MRI findings and in 33% with learning disabilities. The adolescents with abnormal MRI findings had more pronounced visual and cognitive dysfunction. The findings indicate a cerebral causative component for the visual dysfunction seen in the present study.
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| 7. |
- Martin, Lene
(författare)
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Intraocular pressure before and after visual field examination
- 2007
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Ingår i: Eye (London. 1987). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-222X .- 1476-5454. ; 21:12, s. 1479-1481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of visual field (VF) examinations using modern techniques with short examination times on the intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive patients, aged 28-90 years, 40 women and 21 men, were examined. Forty patients were treated for glaucoma and 21 were untreated patients with ocular hypertension or suspected glaucoma. Twenty-one subjects were examined using the Humphrey Field Analyzer, using SITA programs, and 40 with high-pass resolution perimetry (HRP). Goldmann applanation tonometry was performed immediately before and after the VF examinations. RESULTS: A difference in IOP of more than 2 mm Hg before and after the VF examination was observed in 14 of the 61 patients (23%). The maximum change in each direction was 4 mm Hg. The mean differences were not significant. All eight subjects with increasing IOP after VF examinations were examined using the HRP technique (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Modern VF techniques with short examination time do not seem to significantly influence IOP.
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| 8. |
- Martin, Lene
(författare)
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Knowledge acquisition and evaluation of an expert system for managing disorders of the outer eye
- 2001
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Ingår i: Computers in Nursing. - 0736-8593. ; 19:3, s. 114-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current study was to develop and evaluate an expert system for diagnosing outer eye disorders, intended to support family physicians and nurse practitioners in the management of patients with minor eye complaints. The knowledge in the program was gathered from the scientific literature and from 6 experienced ophthalmologists and 6 ophthalmic nurses. Fourteen diagnoses must be considered, and the differential diagnosis is dependent upon 32 signs and symptoms. The program calculates the most likely diagnosis, presents photographs of the typical ocular findings, and provides information regarding management and treatment. The program's output was compared with the diagnosis made by 8 other ophthalmologists at a Swedish university clinic, based on data from 157 patients with disorders of the outer eye, who visited the emergency ward during a one-week period. The concordance between the diagnosis made by the ophthalmologists and the program was 96%. In conclusion, the expert system for disorders of the outer eye provided essentially the same diagnostic information as an examination by an ophthalmologist. Support from the program would make it possible for family physicians and nurse practitioners to manage most of these patients.
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| 9. |
- Martin, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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Visual fields in children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder before and after treatment with stimulants.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 86:3, s. 259-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate visual function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to correlate these data with the morphology of the optic nerve, and to find out if and how psychostimulant medication affects visual functions. METHODS: The visual acuity (VA) and visual fields (VFs) of 18 children with ADHD (two girls and 16 boys), aged 6-17 years, were examined before and after treatment with psychostimulants. A control group, consisting of 24 children (nine girls and 15 boys), aged 7-18 years, were examined twice to evaluate the repeatability of the tests and the learning effect. Fundus photographs were analysed by digital planimetry. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased significantly (p = 0.0039) in the ADHD group after treatment. The difference between the two VF examinations was significantly larger in the ADHD group compared with the control group (p = 0.036). Significantly more ADHD subjects had subnormal VF results without stimulants, compared with controls (p = 0.0043), but with stimulants the difference was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD showed better VA and VF results with than without psychostimulant medication.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Early detection of macular changes in patients with diabetes using Rarebit Fovea Test and optical coherence tomography
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 91:12, s. 1596-1598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate central retinal thickness and foveal function using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the Rarebit Fovea Test (RFT) in patients with diabetes without previously known retinopathy or maculopathy. METHOD: Forty-two patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were selected from the screening records at St Erik Eye Hospital. Inclusion criteria were absence of macular or other retinal changes at previous screening examination and best corrected visual acuity >/=1.0. These patients and 42 healthy controls were examined with the recently developed RFT, and retinal thickness was measured using OCT. Lens thickness and light scatter were evaluated by Scheimpflug photography. RESULTS: Significantly more DM subjects (12/42) had a subnormal RFT result compared with the controls (2/42) (p = 0.007). None of the 12 DM subjects had maculopathy, one had mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and five had minimal non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The retinal thickness in the pericentral zone was significantly (p<0.05) thinner in DM patients with subnormal RFT compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: Decreased RT and subnormal RFT results were found in a subgroup of diabetes patients, despite normal screening results. Prospective studies are under way to evaluate the prognostic implications.
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