| 1. |
- Ekberg, O., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Barium Sulfate Contrast Medium on Rheology and Sensory Texture Attributes in a Model Food
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 50:2, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The swallowing process can be visualized using videoradiography, by mixing food with contrast medium, e.g., barium sulfate (BaSO4), making it radiopaque. The sensory properties of foods may be affected by adding this medium. Purpose: To evaluate if and to what extent sensory and rheological characteristics of mango puree were altered by adding barium sulfate to the food. Material and Methods: This study evaluated four food samples based on mango puree, with no or added barium sulfate contrast medium (0%, 12.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5%), by a radiographic method, and measured sensory texture properties and rheological characteristics. The sensory evaluation was performed by an external trained panel using quantitative descriptive analysis. The ease of swallowing the foods was also evaluated. Results: The sensory texture properties of mango puree were significantly affected by the added barium in all evaluated attributes, as was the perception of particles. Moreover, ease of swallowing was significantly higher in the sample without added contrast medium. All samples decreased in extensional viscosity with increasing extension rate, i.e., all samples were tension thinning. Shear viscosity was not as dependent on the concentration of BaSO4 as extensional viscosity. Conclusion: Addition of barium sulfate to a model food of mango puree has a major impact on perceived sensory texture attributes as well as on rheological parameters.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Anne-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Bet v 1 homologues in strawberry identified as IgE-binding proteins and presumptive allergens
- 2004
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 59:12, s. 1277-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: No strawberry allergen has so far been identified and characterized. Methods: Serum samples were collected from patients with a suggestive case history of adverse reactions to strawberry and other fruits. Extracts from fresh and frozen strawberries were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blotting and mass spectrometry. Patient blood samples were analysed for inhibition of IgE binding and basophil degranulation. Results: Several IgE-binding proteins could be detected. In more than half of the patient sera, a 20/18-kDa doublet band was observed in Western blotting. These two bands were excised and analysed by mass spectrometry showing the presence of proteins belonging to the Bet v 1 family of allergens. Inhibition of the IgE binding to the 20/18-kDa doublet was obtained by addition of two recombinantly expressed allergens belonging to the Bet v 1 family (Bet v 1 and Mal d 1) and strawberry protein extract. In a cell-based assay of patient blood samples, basophil degranulation could be induced by strawberry protein extract and by Bet v 1 and Mal d 1. Conclusions: We conclude that strawberry homologues to Bet v 1 may be allergens of importance for adverse reactions to strawberry.
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| 3. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Texture-modified meat and carrot products for elderly people with dysphagia : preference in relation to health and oral status
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 51:4, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reduced taste and smell, chewing problems and swallowing dysfunction are common among elderly people and affect perception, food choice and the ability to eat. Objective: To study the preference for texture-modified carrot and meat products in elderly people aiming to meet the needs of people with impaired chewing and/or swallowing. Design: Data were collected using questionnaires focusing on health, oral status and preference for the products. Altogether, 108 elderly people in ordinary housing (OH) and 50 living in special housing (SH) in Malmö (SH-M) and Göteborg (SH-G) participated. Results: 19% had a body mass index 522, predominantly in SH (24%). Stroke was reported by 20% of the subjects in SH. Among those with subjectively experienced difficulties in swallowing (12%), 58% reported coughing, 21% a gurgly voice in association with food intake and 50% obstruction during swallowing. Only 20% with subjective swallowing difficulties had been specifically examined regarding this problem. All the tested products were easy to masticate and swallow. Compared with OH, people in SH-M found the meatproducts easier to masticate and swallow. Compared with OH, subjects in SH found the carrot products easier to masticate. Conclusions: There is a need to develop tasty texture-modified nutritious food products for people with mastication and/or swallowing problems. Possible factors for differences in preference between groups, in this study OH and SH, may be related to health status in general and specifically mastication and swallowing functions.
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| 4. |
- Hederos, Carl-Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of clinically diagnosed asthma with parental assessment of children's asthma in a questionnaire
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 18:2, s. 135-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological evaluations of the prevalence of asthma are usually based on written questionnaires (WQs) in combination with validation by clinical investigation. In the present investigation, we compared parental assessment of asthma among their preschool children in response to a WQ with the corresponding medical records in the same region. An International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-based WQ was answered by 75% of the parents of 6295 children aged 1–6 yr. Clinically diagnosed asthma, recorded in connection with admissions to the hospital or a visit to any of the outpatient clinics in the same region, were analysed in parallel. Finally, a complementary WQ was sent to the parents of children identified as asthmatic by either or both of this approaches. In response to the WQ 5.9% were claimed to suffer from asthma diagnosed by a doctor. According to the medical records, the prevalence of clinically diagnosed asthma was 4.9%. The estimated prevalence among children requiring treatment for their asthma was 4.4%. The sensitivity of the WQ was 77%, the specificity 97.5%. In the 1–2 yr age group the sensitivity was only 22%. This WQ was able to identify 54% of the children with a medical record of asthma. Forty percent of the children claimed by their parents to be asthmatic had no medical record of asthma. An ISAAC-based parentally completed WQ provided an acceptable estimation of the prevalence of asthma in children 2–6 yr of age, although only half of the individual patients identified in this manner are the same as those identified clinically.
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| 5. |
- Alminger, Marie, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-grain cereal products based on a high-fibre barley or oat genotype lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy humans
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 47:6, s. 294-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several factors can affect glycemic and insulinemic responses from cereal foods. Some suggested factors lowering the responses are; intact botanical structure, high amylose/high β-glucan cereal varieties, organic acid produced during fermentation and food processes inducing retrogradation of starch. Aim of the study: To evaluate the impact of fermented whole grain cereal kernels with high content of amylose (40%) and/or β-glucan (4.6%) on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults. Methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers (4 men and 9 women) were given 25 g available carbohydrate portions of: glucose solution; tempe fermented whole-grain barley and tempe fermented whole-grain oat. Blood samples were collected directly before the meal (fasting) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the meal. The GI (glycemic index) and II (insulin index) of meals were calculated for each subject according to FAO/WHO standards. Results: Peak glucose response was lowest after the tempe meal with high-amylose/ high-β-glucan barley tempe while insulin response was lowest after the meal with high β-glucan oat tempe. The mean blood glucose responses for both the barley and the oat tempe meals were significantly lower than from the reference glucose load (P < 0.0001) during the first 60 min. The calculated GI:s for barley and oat tempe were 30 and 63, respectively. Mean serum insulin responses from barley and oat tempe were significantly lower compared with the glucose load (P < 0.002) during the first 60 min, and the calculated II was lower for oat tempe (21) compared with barley tempe (55). Conclusions: The results suggest that cereal products with beneficial influence on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses can be tailored by fermentation and enclosure of high-amylose and/or high-β-glucan barley and oat kernels. © 2008 Spinger.
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| 6. |
- Lindstedt, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic and functional delineation of dendritic cells and memory T cells derived from grass pollen-allergic patients and healthy individuals.
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2377 .- 0953-8178. ; 17:4, s. 401-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dendritic cells (DCIs) possess a potent ability to modulate and activate specific T-cell responses to allergens, which play a pivotal role in allergic inflammation by secreting cytokines and other mediators. However, the molecular mechanisms by which allergen-challenged DCs regulate specific T-cell responses are still not well characterized. This study aims at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the DC–T-cell interaction during an allergic immune response to grass pollen, using a genomic and functional approach. Transcriptional analysis was performed on grass allergen Phleum pratense-stimulated DCs and on autologous memory CD4+ T cells co-cultured with allergen-challenged DCs from healthy and allergic donors. DCs from the allergic donors were potent inducers of T-cell proliferation and Th2 polarization, as demonstrated by high IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, and low IFN- production. A gradual up-regulation of activation markers on both DCs and T cells was evident during the co-culture period, demonstrating an educational element of the DC–T-cell interaction. The global transcriptional analysis revealed a differential gene regulation in DCs and T cells derived from allergic donors after stimulation with allergen, as compared with the healthy donors. Peripheral memory CD4+ T cells from healthy and allergic donors also responded differently after stimulation with allergen-loaded DCs with respect to cytokine production, proliferation, surface marker expression and gene transcription. We found up-regulated genes involved in Th2 cell biology, such as genes important for homing, adhesion, signaling and transcription, in addition to genes previously not described in the context of allergy. The panel of differentially expressed genes in the allergic group will form the basis for an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms in allergy.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lindh, Liselott, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of MUC5B and the role of mucins in early salivary film formation
- 2002
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. - : Elsevier. - 1873-4367 .- 0927-7765. ; 25:2, s. 139-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salivary mucins are known to play important roles in the formation of oral salivary films. The aims of the present study were to investigate the behaviour of salivary mucins at solid surfaces with different wettabilities, as well as the influence of electrolyte on the adsorption behaviour. A pure preparation of human salivary MUC5B was used together with a commercial one of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM). Amounts adsorbed from freshly prepared solutions onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces versus time were measured in situ by ellipsometry. At low concentrations, larger amounts were adsorbed onto hydrophobic than onto hydrophilic silica indicating a higher affinity for the former surfaces. Furthermore, on hydrophilic surfaces adsorbed amounts of MUC5B and BSM show good agreement at low concentrations (< 0. 10 mg ml(-1)). However, at higher concentrations MUM adsorbed to a lower extent than BSM. At hydrophobic surfaces, isotherm shapes were similar for the two preparations, but the amounts were shifted to higher values for MUC5B. Finally, the presence of electrolyte increased adsorption and the increase was more pronounced on hydrophilic surfaces. The increased adsorption at a higher ionic strength indicates a more compact structure of the mucin due to electrostatic screening and the fact that the effect was more pronounced on the hydrophilic surfaces points to a higher relative importance of electrostatic interactions in this case. We conclude that the two mucins investigated behave in a qualitatively similar manner and show the highest affinity for hydrophobic surfaces.
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| 9. |
- Patel, Harshida, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Home care as an option in worsening chronic heart failure -- a pilot study to evaluate feasibility, quality adjusted life years and cost-effectiveness
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 10:7, s. 675-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Worsening chronic heart failure (CHF) is largely characterized by frequent hospital admissions and the need for specialist care. AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of home care (HC) versus conventional care (CC) in relation to health-related quality of life (HRQL) and cost-utility in patients with worsening CHF. METHODS: Thirty-one patients seeking medical attention at hospital for worsening CHF were randomised to HC or CC. Following discharge within 48 hours from the hospital, patients in the HC group were followed-up in their homes by a specialist nurse. Follow-ups were conducted for both groups, 1, 4, 8 and 12 months after inclusion in the study. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in clinical events, adverse events or in HRQL. The total cost related to CHF was lower in the HC group after 12 months (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: Reduction in cost of care for selected patients with CHF eligible for hospital care might be achieved by early discharge from hospital followed by home visits. Due to the small number of patients, these results must be interpreted with caution.
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| 10. |
- Segerholm, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Micromorphology, moisture sorption and mechanical properties of a biocomposite based on acetylated wood particles and cellulose ester
- 2007
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science and Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 3-4:2, s. 106-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major issues in a long-term perspective for the use of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) in outdoor applications is the moisture sensitivity of the wood component and the consequent dimensional instability and susceptibility to biological degradation of the composite. In this work, the effects of using an acetylated wood component and a cellulose ester as matrix on the micromorphology, mechanical performance and moisture uptake of injection-moulded WPCs have been studied. Composites based on unmodified and acetylated wood particles, specially designed with a length-to-width ratio of about 5-7, combined with both cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and polypropylene (PP) matrices were studied. The size and shape of the wood particles were studied before and after the processing using light microscopy, and the micromorphology of the composites was studied using a newly developed surface preparation technique based on ultraviolet laser irradiation combined with low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM). The water vapour sorption in the composites and the effect of accelerated weathering were measured using thin samples which were allowed to reach equilibrium moisture content (EMC). The length-to-diameter ratio was only slightly decreased for the acetylated particles after compounding and injection moulding, although both the unmodified and the acetylated particles were smaller in size after the processing steps. The tensile strength was about 40% higher for the composite based on acetylated wood than for the composite with unmodified wood using either CAP or PP as matrix, whereas the notched impact strength of the composite based on acetylated wood was about 20% lower than those of the corresponding unmodified composites. The sorption experiments showed that the EMC was 50% lower in the composites with an acetylated wood component than in the composites with an unmodified wood component. The choice of matrix material strongly affected the moisture absorptivity of the WPC. The composites with CAP as matrix gained moisture more rapidly than the composites with PP as matrix. It was also found that accelerated ageing in a Weather-Ometer® significantly increased the moisture sensitivity of the PP-based composites.
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