| 1. |
- Lexell, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of different fibre types in human skeletal muscles. A statistical and computational model for the study of fibre type grouping and early diagnosis of skeletal muscle fibre denervation and reinnervation
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - 1878-5883 .- 0022-510X. ; 61:3, s. 301-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To define fibre type grouping in terms of random and non-random arrangements of the two fibre types, type 1 (ST) and type 2 (FT), we adopted the measure of counting the number of "enclosed fibres". The statistical properties of the number of enclosed fibres, and the number and size of groups of enclosed fibres were studied in computer-simulated muscle cross-sections, using a model based upon hexagonal-shaped fibres. The effects on the results of differences in the sizes of the muscle fibres were considered. The applicability of the model, and the derived results and methods of analysis were tested on 10 samples from a cross-section of a whole human muscle. The results show that the model can be applied to various shapes and sizes of muscle samples and various sizes of muscle fibres. The number of enclosed fibres within a muscle sample is the best of the three measures of non-randomness considered. A test is also described for assessing whether or not the observed number of enclosed fibres is random at a given significance level.
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| 2. |
- Lexell, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in muscle fibre areas in whole human quadriceps muscle: how to reduce sampling errors in biopsy techniques
- 1989
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - 1365-2281 .- 0144-5979. ; 9:4, s. 333-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single biopsy is a poor estimator of the muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) for a whole human muscle because of the large variability in the fibre area within a muscle. To determine how the sampling errors in biopsy techniques can be reduced, data on the CSA of type 1 and type 2 fibres obtained from cross-sections of whole vastus lateralis muscle of young men, have been analysed statistically. To obtain a good estimate of the mean fibre CSA in a biopsy, measuring all fibres in that biopsy gives the best result. To obtain a good estimate of the mean fibre CSA for a whole muscle, the number of biopsies has a much greater influence on the sampling error than the number of fibres measured in each biopsy, but the number of biopsies needed to obtain a given sampling error can vary by a factor of two. If the fibre CSA in three or more biopsies is measured, it is sufficient to measure only 25 fibres in each biopsy. If less than three biopsies are taken, there is no worthwhile reduction in sampling error when more than 100 fibres are measured. To determine the mean fibre CSA for a whole group of individuals, our preference is to maximize the number of individuals, and only take single biopsies. In conclusion, to determine the mean fibre CSA for this particular muscle with a certain precision, we suggest analysis of three biopsies, taken from different depths of the muscle, and measurement of 25 fibres in each biopsy.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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A laser Doppler technique for measuring distal blood-pressure : a comparison with conventional strain-gauge technique
- 1986
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - 0144-5979 .- 1365-2281. ; 6:4, s. 329-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-five patients with peripheral circulatory disorders were examined by laser Doppler and strain-gauge techniques to compare these methods of measuring distal systolic blood-pressure. The correlation coefficients for simultaneous measurement of toe and ankle systolic blood-pressures were high, 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. The correlation coefficient for successive measurements of toe pressure was lower, 0.83, probably because of a variation in blood-pressure with time. The laser Doppler method seems to be more sensitive than the strain-gauge method in the low-pressure range. The laser Doppler probe is easy to attach to most skin surfaces and the laser Doppler technique may be, therefore, an alternative and a complement to the strain-gauge method when the strain-gauge is difficult to use on damaged or ulcerous toes and feet.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sandman, Per-Olof, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Morning care of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia : A theoretical model based on direct observations
- 1986
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 11:4, s. 369-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five hospitalized patients in different stages of Alzheimer-type dementia were monitored by unstructured, direct observations during morning care. Orem's model of nursing as a compensation for the patient's lack of self-care capabilities was used as a frame of reference for an analysis of the behaviours of patients and nurses during morning care. A 12-step classification system was developed to be used as a guide to understand and determine abilities essential for performance of morning care for demented patients. The quantitative assessment showed that none of the patients was able to manage morning care independently, but there was a wide variation in their highest level of performance.
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| 6. |
- Tegner, Yelverton, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of a strength training program on the functional performance of patients with cruciate ligament injury
- 1986
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Ingår i: Surgery and arthroscopy of the knee. - Berlin : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 3540162747 - 0387162747 ; , s. 373-378
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of old cruciate injuries is aimed at elimination of functional instability, for example, the giving way of the knee. The feeling of giving way is the major feature of the disability that follows anterior cruciate injury. There are two approaches to treatment. One is to eliminate the static instability by means of extra- or intra-articular reconstruction. The other is to train compensatory functions such as muscle strength. Very little is known about the effect of a strength training programme not aimed at eliminating static instability in the affected knee. Many surgeons maintain that strength training is effective in some patients, but few have presented any substantial evidence. Noyes and associates recently showed that about 30% of patients with anterior cruciate injury will respond favourably to a rehabilitation programme and modification of activity.
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| 7. |
- Winkel, Jørgen
(författare)
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An accurate plethysmograph for measurement of changes in the volume of the human foot
- 1986
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 29:6, s. 801-805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A foot plethysmograph is described and evaluated. It is intended for recording changes in foot volume when the instrument has to be removed from the foot between measurements to make physical activity possible. The mean sensitivity was ±0·5 ml and the mean experimental error 1·6 ml or 0·16% of the mean foot volume (n = 37). The accuracy of the method is thus considerably higher than that of previously reported methods for corresponding applications. In addition, it is inexpensive and can easily be used outside the laboratory.
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