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Träfflista för sökning "hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) srt2:(1990-1999);srt2:(1994);lar1:(oru)"

Sökning: hsv:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP) hsv:(Klinisk medicin) > (1990-1999) > (1994) > Örebro universitet

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1.
  • Hellquist, Henrik B., et al. (författare)
  • Salivary duct carcinoma : a highly aggressive salivary gland tumour with overexpression of c-erbB-2
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - West Sussex, United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 172:1, s. 35-44
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The clinicopathological and immunocytochemical features of nine cases of salivary duct carcinoma are described. This relatively rare tumour, which only recently has been widely recognized as a separate entity, is highly malignant and caused the death in eight of the patients. The tumour cells are arranged in cribriform and solid growth patterns, where the solid tumour nests frequently have comedo necrosis, and a fibrous, often sclerotic, stroma is present. The infiltrating desmoplasmic component and the diffuse invasive growth into adjacent adipose parotid tissue have similarities to ductal breast carcinoma. Immunocytochemical investigation of salivary duct carcinoma showed constant overexpression of c-erbB-2 as detected by membrane accentuation, and high proliferative activity as detected by nuclear positivity for MIB 1 (Ki-67). Changes in the expression of p53 and retinoblastoma gene product do not constitute a constant event in salivary duct carcinoma. A few of the tumours showed scattered cells with distinct nuclear positivity for both progesterone and oestrogen receptors. We emphasize that this highly malignant salivary gland tumour has a characteristic morphology, may not be as rare as previously considered, and that prompt and aggressive therapy is needed.
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2.
  • Ljungqvist, Olle, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Glucose infusion instead of preoperative fasting reduces postoperative insulin resistance
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. - 1072-7515 .- 1879-1190. ; , s. 329-336
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In severe catabolic states, such as burn injury, sepsis and accidental injury, a state of marked insulin resistance is encountered. Insulin resistance is also present after elective surgical treatment, more pronounced with increasingly greater magnitude of operation performed. Results of recent animal experiments have shown that even short periods of food deprivation, reducing carbohydrate reserves, alter responses to stress. This notion resulted in our questioning the rationale of carbohydrate depletion associated with overnight preoperative fasting. Twelve patients undergoing elective open cholecystectomy were randomly given no infusion (control group) or 5 milligrams per kilogram per minute of glucose infusion (glucose group) during preoperative overnight fasting. Insulin sensitivity (M value, milligram per kilogram per minute) was determined using the hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp (plasma insulin level, 65 microunits per milliliter and blood glucose level, 4.5 millimoles per liter) before and the first postoperative day. Preoperative insulin sensitivity was similar in the two groups. Postoperatively, M values decreased by 55±3 percent (control group) and by 32±5 percent (glucose group) (p<0.01). Plasma levels of insulin, c- peptide, glucagon, growth hormone, catecholamines and cortisol in connection with clamps were similar in both groups preoperatively and postoperatively. The present results indicate that active preoperative carbohydrate preservation may improve postoperative metabolism because postoperative occurrence of insulin resistance was reduced with preoperative glucose infusion.
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3.
  • Davidsson, Åke, 1956-, et al. (författare)
  • Allergen-induced changes of B-cell phenotypes in patients with allergic rhinitis
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Rhinology. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : International Rhinologic Society. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 32:4, s. 184-190
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated sub-populations of B-lymphocytes in nasal mucosa and peripheral blood of 17 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (birch pollen) and 10 controls. The study included provocation with allergen during the non-pollen season, during which no participant used medication. Samples were also taken during the pollen season. Subsets of B-cells as expressed by different CD antigens were investigated by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections and by flow cytometry of peripheral blood. Nasal CD23+ B-cells decreased in allergic patients during provocation, indicating that mature virgin CD23+ B-cells switch into a memory B-cell phenotype with loss of CD23 expression. This indicates differentiation towards cells that can represent a local source for IgE synthesis. No decrease was observed during the pollen season when the patients used medication. Serum IgE was significantly higher in allergic patients on all occasions. The observed up-regulation of CD40 expression on peripheral blood B-cells in allergic patients during the pollen season clearly indicate B-cell activation. Furthermore, a relative increase of CD19+ B-cells was observed in peripheral blood during provocation. Upregulation (by IL-4) of CD40 on B-cells which then may be stimulated by gp39 (CD40 ligand) can constitute an early and important event in the IgE-mediated allergic reaction.
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4.
  • Hellquist, H. B., et al. (författare)
  • Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the palate
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Histopathology. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Blackwell Publishing. - 0309-0167 .- 1365-2559. ; 25:2, s. 178-180
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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5.
  • Karlsson, Mats G., 1960-, et al. (författare)
  • Increase in CD4+ and CD45RO+ memory T cells in the nasal mucosa of allergic patients
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 102:10, s. 753-758
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By means of immunocytochemistry we have investigated subsets of T lymphocytes in frozen sections of nasal mucosa from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and healthy control persons. All participants were subjected to time-course provocation during the non-pollen season, and samples were taken during provocation as well as during the natural pollen season. Computerized image analysis was applied for evaluation of the immunostained lymphocytes. CD45RO+ memory T cells outnumbered the remaining leukocyte populations in the mucosa of both allergic patients and controls on all occasions. During the repeat provocation there was no difference in numerical values, with respect to any of the five leukocyte subpopulations studied (CD4, CD8, CD25, CD45RA and CD45RO), between patients and controls. However, during continuous exposure in the pollen season a significant increase in CD4+ cells was observed in allergic patients compared to before provocation (p < 0.05). No changes were observed with respect to CD8+ and CD25+ cells. Similarly, an increase in CD45RO+ memory was found in allergic patients during the pollen season compared to the non-pollen season (p < 0.02). This latter finding was, however, only evident in the patients who did not use nasal corticosteroids. Hence the present investigation has demonstrated an allergen-induced increase in CD4+ and CD45RO+ memory T cells in the mucosa of allergic patients during the pollen season. These events may constitute a cellular basis for local continuous production of certain cytokines, particularly interleukin-4, which is essential for IgE synthesis.
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6.
  • Karlsson, Mats G., 1960-, et al. (författare)
  • Phenotype switch and activation of T lymphocytes in patients with allergic rhinitis
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 56:3, s. 166-172
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The peripheral blood of 17 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (birch pollen) and of 10 healthy subjects were analysed before and during a provocation study in the non-pollen season as well as during the pollen season. Analytical flow cytometry comprised a panel of monoclonal antibodies investigating helper/suppressor T cells, activated T cells, and naive/memory T helper cells. Allergic patients showed no increase in the amount of T lymphocytes but an increased proportion of CD4+ helper T cells early during pronounced exposure (provocation) but not during natural antigen exposure (pollen season). Allergic patients showed a significant increase in activated T cells during the non-pollen season compared with healthy subjects, and furthermore, the nasal allergen provocation induced an additional increase in activated T cells among allergics. The T cell activation mainly affected helper T cells (85%) rather than suppressor T cells. Furthermore, allergic patients showed a significant increase in naive T helper cells during the pollen season. The presence of a double-positive subpopulation indicates an activated T helper subpopulation that switches its phenotype from naive (CD45RA) to memory (CD29). The results indicate at least two important differences between patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls. In allergic patients T helper cells become activated upon allergen exposure, and circulate in the blood and switch their phenotype. These T cells have a potential homing tendency to the nasal mucosa. These two events do not occur in non-allergic individuals and may thus constitute new insights into the basic mechanisms of allergic rhinitis.
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7.
  • Ahlman, B., et al. (författare)
  • Short-term starvation alters the free amino acid content of human intestinal mucosa
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: Clinical Science. - : Portland Press. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 86:6, s. 653-662
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • 1. The effects of short-term starvation and refeeding on the free amino acid concentrations of the intestinal mucosa were characterized in male subjects (n=6), using endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the duodenum and from all four segments of the colon.2. The alterations in the amino acid concentrations in response to short-term starvation were overall uniform in both duodenal and colonic mucosa as well as in plasma. Most amino acids decreased, whereas branched-chain amino acids increased.3. In the colon, glutamic acid and glutamine decreased during the starvation period, whereas they remained unaltered in the duodenum. This was the major difference in response to short-term starvation between the amino acid concentrations in the intestinal mucosa of the duodenum and colon.4. Refeeding for 3 days normalized the amino acid concentrations except for glutamic acid, asparagine and histidine, which remained low in the colon, and threonine, which showed an overshoot in both parts of the intestine. S. The changes in mucosal amino acid concentrations seen in response to starvation and refeeding were uniform in the four segments of the colon. This suggests that sampling from the rectum/sigmoid colon will give representative values for the free amino acid concentrations of the entire large intestine.
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8.
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9.
  • Ljungqvist, Olle, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Hyperglycemia and survival after haemorrhage
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 160:9, s. 465-469
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To assess the relation between the degree of hyperglycaemia during a standard haemorrhage and survival.Design: Prospective laboratory studySetting: University department of surgery, Sweden.Material: 5 groups of 8-12 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.Interventions: Different degrees of hyperglycaemia were achieved in the 5 groups of rats (which had been starved for 24 hours) by infusion of the same amount of 0.9% saline, or 5%, 10%, 20% or 30% glucose during a 48% standard haemorrhage over 60 minutes. Blood glucose concentration and packed cell volume were measured every 30 minutes, and mean arterial pressure was monitored constantly.Main Outcome Measure: Survival at 7 days.Results: Increases in blood glucose concentrations during haemorrhage correlated with plasma refill as indicated by reductions in packed cell volume (r = 0.85, p < 0.0001). Both increases in blood glucose concentrations and reductions in packed cell volume were inversely related to blood pressure during haemorrhage (p < 0.0001). The more glucose that was infused, the higher the blood glucose concentration and the better the plasma refill during haemorrhage which correlated with improvement in the rate of survival at 7 days (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The ability to mount a hyperglycaemic response is an important prognostic factor in survival after experimental haemorrhage.
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10.
  • Thorell, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Insulin resistance after abdominal surgery
  • 1994
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 81:1, s. 59-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A study was carried out to determine the time course and degree of postoperative insulin resistance in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Mean(s.e.m.) insulin sensitivity was determined before and on the first (n = 10), fifth, ninth and 20th (n = 5) days after elective open cholecystectomy using the normoglycaemic (4.(0.1) mmol/l), hyperinsulinaemic (402(12) pmol/l) glucose clamp technique. Preoperative insulin sensitivity expressed as the M value varied from 2.3 to 8.2 mg per kg per min. The relative reduction in insulin sensitivity was most pronounced on the first day after surgery, at a mean(s.e.m) of 54(2) per cent. Thereafter, a large variation between individuals was found during the course of recovery, and insulin sensitivity returned to normal 20 days after operation. On the first day after surgery, plasma concentrations of glucose, C peptide, noradrenaline and glucagon were slightly but significantly higher than before operation (P<0.05), whereas insulin, growth hormone, cortisol and adrenaline levels were unaltered. Marked insulin resistance thus develops after elective upper abdominal surgery and persists for at least 5 days after operation. Factors other than simultaneous changes in levels of the hormones studied seem to regulate the maintenance of postoperative insulin resistance
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