| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Kaur, Kamaljit, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies on correlation of antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities of Juglans regia L
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. - 2162-6537. ; 22:1, s. 59-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the effect of water and acetone extract of Juglans regia L. to evaluate its antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities. The antimutagenic study using TA98 and TA100 tester strains of Salmonella revealed the water and acetone extracts to be more effective than the benzene and chloroform extracts in inhibiting the revertants induced by 2-aminoflourene (2AF) in TA100 tester strains. The most effective extracts in the Ames assay were further evaluated using the Lucifer luciferase assay and in time course studies for antiproliferative activities using the Hoechst staining to observe apoptotic cell deaths. The acetone extract showed a correlation of antimutagenic activities in the Ames assay with its antiproliferative effect in different cell lines, while the water extract exerted its effect distinctly in each cell line. Further studies are still needed to evaluate the cytotoxicity in experiments carried out in vivo.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Lehenkari, Petri, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on bone cells involve changes in plasma membrane ion conductance
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681 .- 0884-0431. ; 18:3, s. 473-481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), tamoxifen (Tam) and toremifene (Tor), are widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. In addition, they have been demonstrated to prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in postmenopausal women. These effects are thought to be caused by the interaction of the SERMs with the estrogen receptor, although SERMs have also been shown to conduct non-receptor-mediated effects such as rapid changes in membrane functions. We compared the effects of Tam, Tor, and 17β-estradiol (E2) on the viability of rat osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Both Tam and Tor were found to cause osteoclast apoptosis in in vitro cultures, which was reversed by E2. In addition, at higher concentration (10 μM), both SERMs had an estrogen receptor-independent effect, which involved interaction with the plasma membrane as demonstrated with UMR-108 osteosarcoma cells by Tam and Tor, but not E2. A leak of protons leading to changes in intracellular pH was shown both in medullary bone derived membrane vesicles and in intact cells. These effects were followed by a rapid loss of cell viability and subsequent cell lysis. Our results show that both Tam and Tor have an ionophoric effect on the plasma membranes of bone cells and that these SERMs differed in this ability: Tor induced rapid membrane depolarization only in the presence of high concentration of potassium. These non-receptor-mediated effects may be involved in therapeutic responses and explain some clinical side effects associated with the treatment of patients with these SERMs
|
|
| 5. |
- Mattila, Mirjami M-T, et al.
(författare)
-
VEGF-C induced lymphangiogenesis is associated with lymph node metastasis in orthotopic MCF-7 tumors
- 2002
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 98:6, s. 946-951
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spread of cancer cells to regional lymph nodes through the lymphatic system is the first step in the dissemination of breast cancer. In several human cancers including those of the breast and prostate, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is associated with lymph node metastasis. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of VEGF-C on metastasis of poorly invasive, estrogen dependent human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 breast cancer cells transfected with VEGF-C (MCF-7-VEGF-C) were grown as tumors in the mammary fat pads of nude mice implanted with subcutaneous estrogen pellets. Tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis were studied immunohistochemically using antibodies against lymphatic vessel hyaluronan receptor -1 (LYVE-1), VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), PECAM-1, pan-cytokeratin and estrogen dependent pS2 protein. Overexpression of VEGF-C in transfected MCF-7 cells stimulated in vivo tumor growth in xenotransplanted mice without affecting estrogen responsiveness. The resulting tumors metastasized to the regional lymph nodes in 75% (in 6 mice out of 8, Experiment I) and in 62% (in 5 mice out of 8, Experiment II) of mice bearing orthotopic tumors formed by MCF-7-VEGF-C cells whereas no metastases were observed in mice bearing tumors of control vector-transfected MCF-7 cells (MCF-7-Mock). The density of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic vessels was increased in tumors derived from MCF-7-VEGF-C cells but not MCF-7-Mock cells. Taken together, our results show that VEGF-C overexpression stimulates tumor lymphangiogenesis and induces normally poorly metastatic estrogen-dependent MCF-7 tumors to disseminate to local lymph nodes. These data suggest that VEGF-C has an important role in lymph node metastasis of breast cancer even at its hormone-dependent early stage.
|
|
