| 1. |
- Jahnson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor mapping of regional immunostaining for p21, p53, and mdm2 in locally advanced bladder carcinoma
- 2000
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Ingår i: Cancer. - New York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 89:3, s. 619-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to elucidate the associations among immunostaining for p53, p21, and mdm2; their respective expression within each tumor; and the value of these variables for predicting treatment outcome after cystectomy for patients with locally advanced bladder carcinoma.Methods: The hospital records from all 173 patients treated with cystectomy for locally advanced urothelial bladder carcinoma between 1967 and 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. Three consecutive sections from biopsies taken before any treatment were stained using the standard immunohistochemical technique for p53, p21, and mdm2, respectively. The cutoff limit was 20% or more for positive p53 expression and 10% or more for positive p21 and mdm2 expression.Results: Positive immunostaining was observed for p53 in 98 tumors (57%), for p21 in 89 tumors (51%), and for mdm2 in only 16 tumors (9%). The only association found between immunostaining for the three antibodies was that most mdm2-positive tumors had positive p21 expression. Tumor mapping of regional immunostaining showed no association between immunostaining for p53 and p21. In a proportional hazards analysis, no association was found between the results of immunostaining for the three antibodies and treatment outcome.Conclusions: Positive or negative expression of p53, p21, or mdm2, or combinations of these, was not associated with cancer specific mortality after cystectomy for bladder carcinoma. There was no association between immunostaining for p21 and p53, whereas positive immunostaining for mdm2 was observed in a minority of the tumors. These results indicate that, in addition to p21, p53, and mdm2, there are other oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins along the p53 pathway that are involved in tumor development and progression.
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| 2. |
- Wreje, U., et al.
(författare)
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Collagen metabolism markers as a reflection of bone and soft tissue turnover during the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use
- 2000
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Ingår i: Contraception. - : Elsevier. - 0010-7824 .- 1879-0518. ; 61:4, s. 265-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two different groups of women, 23 healthy young adults and 13 women with chronic posterior pelvic pain, were studied before and during use of oral contraceptives (OC). Collagen metabolism markers-here, the amino terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and the amino-terminal of procollagen type III-as well as hormones and other endocrine factors indicating the balance between androgen expression/anabolism and catabolism of the subjects (testosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor I were measured. Type I procollagen, the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and the amino-terminal of procollagen type III were all significantly decreased during OC use. These findings implicate OC use-induced changes in collagen type I and III turnover. A shift in the anabolic/catabolic balance was also recorded indicating a less anabolic situation during OC use.
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| 3. |
- Akre [Fall], Katja, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk for gastric cancer after antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing hip replacement
- 2000
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - Birmingham, USA : American Asoociation for Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 60, s. 6376-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite strong evidence of an association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer, the benefit of eradicating H. pylori infection is unknown. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that exposure to high doses of antibiotics reduces risk for gastric cancer via possible eradication of H. pylori We conducted a nationwide case-control study nested in a cohort of 39,154 patients who underwent hip replacement surgery between 1965 and 1983. Such patients frequently receive prophylactic antibiotic treatment. During follow-up through 1989, we identified 189 incident cases of gastric cancer. For each case, three controls were selected from the cohort. Exposure data were abstracted from hospital records. Blood samples from a separate cohort undergoing hip replacement surgery were analyzed for anti-H. pylori IgG before and after surgery. Both long-term antibiotic treatment before surgery [odds ratio (OR), 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1-0.7] and prophylactic antibiotic treatment (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-1.1) conferred a reduction in gastric cancer risk. The reduction appeared stronger after 5 years (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.2) than during shorter follow-up after hip replacement (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.7). There was an apparent decrease in risk with increasing body weight-adjusted doses of antibiotics (P = 0.13). However, the rate of H. pylori antibody disappearance was not strikingly higher in the cohort of patients undergoing hip replacement than in a control cohort. Our findings provide indirect support for the hypothesis that treatment with antibiotics at a relatively advanced age reduces the risk of gastric cancer.
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| 4. |
- Van Poppel, H., et al.
(författare)
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Precancerous lesions in the kidney
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, Supplementum. - Oslo, Norway : Taylor & Francis. - 0300-8886 .- 1651-2537 .- 0000-0000 .- 0036-5599. ; :205, s. 136-165
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), although occurring less frequently than prostate and bladder cancer, is actually the most malignant urologic disease, killing >35% of affected patients. Therefore, investigation of the nature of premalignant lesions of the kidney is a relevant issue. Following the most recent histological classification RCC can be subdivided into four categories: conventional RCC; papillary RCC; chromophobe RCC; and collecting duct carcinoma. In contrast to many genitourinary malignancies, premalignant alterations in the kidney are scarcely described. Intratubular epithelial dysplasia has been recognized as the most common precursor of RCC. In analogy to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), the premalignant lesions of the kidney are described as high or low-grade renal intratubular neoplasia. In contrast, precancerous lesions have been described as part of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) where the evolution from a simple cyst to an atypical cyst with epithelial hyperplasia to cystic or solid conventional-type RCC is well documented. Finally, in the genesis of papillary RCC an adenoma-carcinoma sequence has been recognized with specific genetic changes. There are no data on the epidemiology of premalignant lesions of the kidney, but research into the etiology of RCC has been extended substantially. Familial and genetic factors are well documented in VHL disease, in hereditary papillary RCC, in the tuberous sclerosis complex and in familial RCC. Cigarette smoking and obesity are established risk factors for RCC. Hypertension or its medication has also been associated with an increased risk. Among dietary factors an inverse relation between risk and consumption of vegetables and fruit has been found. Occupational exposure to substances such as asbestos and solvents has been linked to an increased risk of RCC. Specific RCC variants have distinctive chromosome alterations and several genes have been implicated in the development of RCC. Loss of material from the 3p chromosome characterizes conventional RCC and the deletion of the VHL suppressor gene plays an important role in the genesis of this RCC variant. In contrast, numerical changes with trisomy of chromosomes 7 and 17 and loss of the sex chromosome are typical changes in papillary tumors, whereas papillary RCC have additional trisomies. Chromophobe RCC is characterized by loss of chromosomes with a combination of monosomies. Less consistent genetic alterations are associated with collecting duct carcinoma. The traditional treatment of RCC is surgery by radical or partial nephrectomy. The latter approach carries a risk of tumor recurrence as a result of unrecognized satellite lesions or premalignant lesions that might have been present at the time of surgery. However, the reported recurrence rates after partial nephrectomy are <1% and therefore the possible presence of premalignant disease does not alter the actual treatment strategy advocated. Although multifocality and bilateral occurrence of RCC are much more likely in cases of papillary RCC, biopsy of the renal remnant or contralateral kidney is not justified even in patients with this tumor type. Conversely, patients with RIN in a partial or radical nephrectomy specimen or in a renal biopsy taken for whatever reason should be subjected to closer follow-up with regularly repeated ultrasound. When an effective chemopreventive regimen becomes available it might be useful for patients with an inherited risk of RCC as well as in those who are at risk of tumor recurrence after intervention. Mass screening with the purpose of detecting RCC at its earliest stage is not recommended at the present time, but screening focused on certain risk groups can be advocated. Further research is needed to identify avoidable risks, develop effective chemoprevention and recognize patients at risk.
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