| 1. |
- Carlsson, Maria, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment modality affects long-term quality of life in gynaecological cancer.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : The International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 20:1B, s. 563-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to survey the side effects after cancer treatment, quality of life data were collected from females in clinical remission. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was cross-sectional; every patient that visited the outpatient clinic during a period of three months was asked to anonymously complete the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and five additional specific questions related to gynaecological cancer. RESULTS In total, 235 patients (90%) returned the questionnaire. In general, both the levels of functioning and symptomatology were time-dependent. Patients with short treatment-free intervals reported more problems than the others. When using treatment modality as an independent variable in the statistical calculations, a treatment-related effect on functioning and symptomatology was demonstrated (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Patients previously treated with chemotherapy had poorer role- and cognitive functioning and more problems with fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dyspnoea, constipation and financial problems, compared with those not treated with chemotherapy (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). Those patients who had been treated with external radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy had significantly more problems with flatulence and diarrhoea (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In conclusion, patients who underwent treatment for gynaecological cancer reported long-term side effects also many years after finishing treatment. The problems where related to treatment modality which should be considered, especially when planning adjuvant treatment.
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| 2. |
- Haak-Frendscho, M, et al.
(författare)
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Histidine decarboxylase expression in human melanoma.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Investigative Dermatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-202X .- 1523-1747. ; 115:3, s. 345-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Histamine has been implicated as one of the mediators involved in regulation of proliferation in both normal and neoplastic tissues. Histidine decarboxylase, the only enzyme that catalyzes the formation of histamine from L-histidine, is an essential regulator of histamine levels. In this study, we investigated the gene and protein expression of histidine decarboxylase in melanoma. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization studies of WM-35, WM-983/B, HT-168, and M1 human melanoma cell lines both resulted in positive signals for histidine decarboxylase messenger RNA. A polyclonal chicken antibody was developed against human histidine decarboxylase and protein expression was confirmed by western blot analysis of the cell lysates, revealing a predominant immunoreactive band at approximately 54 kDa corresponding to monomeric histidine decarboxylase. Protein expression of histidine decarboxylase was also shown by flow cytometric analysis and strong punctate cytoplasmic staining of melanoma cell lines. Moreover, both primary and metastatic human melanoma tissues were brightly stained for histidine decarboxylase. When compared with the very weak or no reactions on cultivated human melanocytes both western blot and immunohistochemical studies showed much stronger histidine decarboxylase expression in melanoma cells. These findings suggest that expression of histidine decarboxylase is elevated in human melanoma.
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| 3. |
- Akre [Fall], Katja, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk for gastric cancer after antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing hip replacement
- 2000
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - Birmingham, USA : American Asoociation for Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 60, s. 6376-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite strong evidence of an association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer, the benefit of eradicating H. pylori infection is unknown. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that exposure to high doses of antibiotics reduces risk for gastric cancer via possible eradication of H. pylori We conducted a nationwide case-control study nested in a cohort of 39,154 patients who underwent hip replacement surgery between 1965 and 1983. Such patients frequently receive prophylactic antibiotic treatment. During follow-up through 1989, we identified 189 incident cases of gastric cancer. For each case, three controls were selected from the cohort. Exposure data were abstracted from hospital records. Blood samples from a separate cohort undergoing hip replacement surgery were analyzed for anti-H. pylori IgG before and after surgery. Both long-term antibiotic treatment before surgery [odds ratio (OR), 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1-0.7] and prophylactic antibiotic treatment (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-1.1) conferred a reduction in gastric cancer risk. The reduction appeared stronger after 5 years (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.2) than during shorter follow-up after hip replacement (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.7). There was an apparent decrease in risk with increasing body weight-adjusted doses of antibiotics (P = 0.13). However, the rate of H. pylori antibody disappearance was not strikingly higher in the cohort of patients undergoing hip replacement than in a control cohort. Our findings provide indirect support for the hypothesis that treatment with antibiotics at a relatively advanced age reduces the risk of gastric cancer.
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| 4. |
- Boman, K, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term coping in childhood cancer survivors : influence of illness, treatment and demographic background factors
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 89:1, s. 105-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 30 survivors of childhood cancer, long-term psychological coping with experience of disease and treatment was studied in relation to factors associated with illness, treatment and demographic background. Coping was assessed in a prior study, in which three groups of varying levels of coping where delineated (good, 40%; intermediate, 33%; poor, 27%, coping). The present study showed that poor individual coping was related to diagnosis, a shorter time of continuous complete remission, more severe illness and treatment impairments, and lower scores on a test of intellectual abilities. In addition, a longer time of treatment tended to be followed by poorer coping. However, no association was found for gender, parents' occupational level, age at illness onset, neuro-cranial irradiation, irradiation dose (total) or age at investigation. A tentative path-analysis was executed, displaying a model for the relationships between medical and demographic background variables, and for their influence on coping. It was concluded that a complex of factors--associated particularly with severity of disease and treatment--appears to be related to, and affects, coping with the illness experience. Patients' long-term coping with their illness trauma is most likely determined by multiple factors. Intellectual capabilities are related to coping.
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| 5. |
- Cunningham, J L, et al.
(författare)
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Transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 (ICA512) is expressed in human midgut carcinoids but is not detectable in normal enterochromaffin cells.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 164:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potential upregulation of receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 (ICA512) expression was detected by differential display and investigated in midgut carcinoid tumours. Normal intestine tissue and tumour tissue from 13 midgut carcinoid patients were studied by in situ hybridisation using an IA-2 ribonucleotide probe and confocal microscopy using specific IA-2 antibodies. Previously, it had been shown that IA-2 is located in the secretory granules of virtually all neuroendocrine cells. However, we found that IA-2 was not detectable in resting normal enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the small intestine, while high expression of IA-2 mRNA and protein was confirmed in both primary and metastatic carcinoid tissue. This difference in expression was not observed with chromogranin A or serotonin, two secretory granule hormones known to be expressed in EC cells, indicating that IA-2 was seemingly not necessary for the basal production and packaging of these hormones. When comparing patients receiving biotherapy before operation with untreated patients, we found expression of IA-2 to be lower in tumours from patients that had been treated with a combination of alpha-interferon and the somatostatin analogue, octreotide. There was no correlation between IA-2 expression and proliferation rates as measured by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against the Ki 67 antigen. Furthermore, we show that IA-2 is co-localised with serotonin in carcinoid tumours as well as in the pancreatic tumour cell line, BON1, which is interesting as serotonin secretion rate is presumably higher in tumour cells than in resting EC cells. Taken together, these findings may indicate a role for IA-2 in the later stages of the regulated secretory process.
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| 8. |
- Höglund, Erik
(författare)
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DNA fragmentation in cultured cells exposed to high linear energy transfer radiation
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is a critical lesion which, if not completely restored, can have serious biological consequences. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of many severe end-points are closely related to radiation quality, with increased effectiveness at elevated ionization density. Data presented provide information about the influence of radiation quality on the initial processes causing DNA damage, and the mechanisms leading to its restoration. Such information will increase the understanding of radiation action mechanisms in mammalian cells. Human cells were irradiated with accelerated ions having linear energy transfer (LET) values in the range 40-225 keV/μm, and 60Co-photons. Detailed analyses of the DNA fragment distributions were performed in the size-range 5 kilobasepairs to 6 megabasepairs by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A non-random fragmentation of DNA was evident, with an elevated number of small and medium-sized fragments for ion irradiation, and the total number of breaks increased by 80-110% when these fragments were included in the analyses. The RBE for DSB induction was 1.2-1.5. A two-fold increase of the number of breaks induced per nitrogen ion passing the cell nuclues was found when LET was increased from 80 to 225 keV/μm, indicating a possible role of particle track structure in DSB induction. Furthermore, the ability to repair DNA was closely related to radiation quality, with an increased proportion of unrejoined breaks for densely ionizing radiation. Surprisingly, the majority of breaks were rapidly rejoined even following exposure to high-LET radiation. The proportion of breaks restored by the slow phase showed a five-fold increase for the highest LET tested, compared with photons. The results presented nominates the complexity of breaks as one determining factor for reduced reparability reported following high-LET exposure.
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| 9. |
- Khan, Tanweera Shaheena, et al.
(författare)
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Streptozocin and o,p'DDD in the treatment of adrenocortical cancer patients : long-term survival in its adjuvant use
- 2000
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 11:10, s. 1281-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:To evaluate the efficacy of streptozocin and o.p'DDD (SO) in adrenocortical cancer (ACC) patients since other chemotherapeutic regimens have limited effects.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We performed a phase II study with SO therapy in 40 ACC patients (median age 44 years). Oral o,p'DDD administration (1-4 g/d, every day) was given together with intravenous streptozocin (1 g/d for five days, thereafter 2 g once every three weeks). 5HT3-receptor blocker was used as standard premedication for streptozocin.RESULTS:The SO therapy was found to have significant effects on disease-free interval (P = 0.02) as well as on survival (P = 0.01) in adjuvantly treated cases (n = 17) in comparison to the patients who did not get any therapy after complete resection (n = 11). Complete or partial response was obtained in 36.4% of patients with measurable disease (n = 22). The overall two-year and five-year survival rates were 70% and 32.5%, respectively. The presence of metastases at diagnosis was identified as a poor prognostic factor (P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS:The present study necessitates further randomized clinical study of SO therapy in the treatment of ACC, mainly as adjuvant treatment immediately after curative intended surgery, and could be developed into a regular treatment regimen.
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