| 1. |
- Lampic, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Short- and long-term anxiety and depression in women recalled after breast cancer screening
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 37:4, s. 463-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate the psychological consequences of further investigation after breast cancer screening. Study participants include 509 women (61%) recalled due to suspicious findings on screening mammograms, and a matched control group of 285 women (68%) with normal mammograms. Psychological distress was prospectively assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). 46% of the women reported borderline or clinically significant anxiety prior to the recall visit. A few days after the visit, anxiety and depression had decreased significantly (P<0.01) in women informed about normal or benign results at the recall clinic, while reported distress remained at relatively high levels in women referred to surgical biopsy. The results demonstrate the adverse short-term effect of a delay in receiving false-positive results, but do not indicate that the recall experience results in long-term anxiety or depression for a majority of women.
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| 2. |
- Fransson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life and symptoms in a randomized trial of radiotherapy versus deferred treatment of localized prostate carcinoma
- 2001
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : American Cancer Society. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 92:12, s. 3111-3119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Treatment of localized prostate carcinoma (LPC) using radiotherapy (RT) can induce disturbances in a patient's quality of life (QOL) and urinary and intestinal function. Late symptoms and QOL were evaluated in a randomized trial between RT and deferred treatment (DT).METHODS: Quality of life was evaluated with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's QLQ-C30 (+3) formula. Urinary and intestinal problems were evaluated with a validated symptom specific self-assessment questionnaire, QUFW94. The questionnaires were sent to 108 randomized patients with LPC and to an age-matched control group (n = 68). Mean age was 72 years. Mean total dose was 65 grays (Gy; 62.3-70 Gy). The median follow-up time from randomization was 40.6 months for the RT group and 30.4 months for the DT group.RESULTS: Social functioning was the only QOL scale in which a significant difference was found between the two patient groups and compared with the control group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that hematuria, incontinence, mucus, and planning of daily activities in response to intestinal problems caused this decrease in QOL in the RT group. A significant increase of intestinal problems was observed in the RT versus DT groups regarding mucus, stool leakage, intestinal blood, and planning of daily activity in response to intestinal problems.CONCLUSIONS: The RT patients showed increased levels of minor intestinal side effects compared with the DT patients and the controls, but the RT patients reported no decreased QOL except for decreased social functioning. This could be because this group developed coping skills or because of a low magnitude of side effects to influence the QOL.
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| 3. |
- Fransson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and responsiveness of a prostate cancer questionnaire for radiotherapy-induced side effects
- 2001
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 9:3, s. 187-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few self-assessment cancer-specific questionnaires / modules have yet been developed for radiotherapy-induced side effects. The aim of the present study was to test the reliability and responsiveness of a prostate cancer (PC)specific questionnaire. Thirty-one patients with PC graded their urinary and intestinal symptoms and their sexual function on the questionnaire. A doctor and a nurse performed a structured interview and graded the patient's symptoms with the same questions. The procedure was performed at both the start and the end of the treatment. A high concordance regarding symptom detection was seen between the patient, nurse and the doctor. The inter-rater test shows intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values above 0.60 in all scales. The internal reliability exceeded the lower limit (Cronbach alpha > 0.70) for all scales. The test-retest gave acceptable reliability for all scales (ICC greater than or equal to 0.60). All scales indicated increased problems during radiotherapy. The questionnaire was proven to be valid for the evaluations of urinary and intestinal problems and for sexual function in PC patients.
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| 4. |
- Hultdin, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Replication timing of human telomeric DNA and other repetitive sequences analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry
- 2001
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Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier. - 0014-4827. ; 271, s. 223-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The replication timing of telomeres seems to differ between species. Yeast telomeres are late replicating, whereas limited data from very few human cell lines have indicated telomere replication throughout S phase. In the present study a series of permanent cell lines and patient samples was investigated using a flow cytometric approach for telomere length determination based on in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes and DNA staining. This method permits selective analysis of cells in specific phases of the cell cycle without perturbation of the cell cycle machinery. The timing of replication of telomeric C(3)TA(2) and T(2)AG(3) repeats was found to differ between individual samples and could precede or be concomitant with the replication of bulk DNA. Replication of the T(2)AG(3) strand seemed to occur somewhat later than that of the C(3)TA(2) strand in some samples. (GTG)(n) and other repetitive sequences generally showed a replication pattern similar to that of the bulk of DNA with slightly individual differences, whereas centromeric DNA repeats consistently replicated within a short time frame in late S phase. The apparent variability in replication timing seen for telomeric DNA might suggest individual differences in firing of replication origins.
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| 5. |
- Häggström, S, et al.
(författare)
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Castration-induced reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in benign human prostate tissue is lost in advanced prostate cancer.
- 2001
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Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 88:1, s. 110-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of vascular response in the castration-induced regression of benign and malignant human prostate tissue, as recent studies show that castration rapidly decreases blood flow and induces endothelial cell death, which may be important for subsequent epithelial cell death and involution of the glandular tissue of the prostate.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors was analysed using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in benign and tumour areas of core biopsies taken before, and approximately 1 week after castration therapy. The castration-induced VEGF response was related to therapy-induced changes in tumour cell apoptotic index and subsequent response in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In another set of patients, serum VEGF was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before, and at 3--6 months after castration therapy.RESULTS: VEGF mRNA was down-regulated after castration in benign prostate tissue (P < or = 0.05), whereas in tumour tissue, VEGF levels were reduced in some of the patients but unchanged or increased in others. In most patients whose tumour tissue responded with VEGF reduction, there was a corresponding increase in tumour cell apoptosis. Serum VEGF levels were not significantly changed after castration. Almost all patients responded with a substantial reduction in serum PSA after castration.CONCLUSION: Castration reduces VEGF mRNA expression in benign prostate tissue and generally in those prostate tumours where castration also induces tumour cell apoptosis. This suggests that a therapy-induced down-regulation of VEGF could be important for tumour cell death.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Håkan, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Service screening with mammography of women aged 50–69 years in Sweden : effects on mortality from breast cancer
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 8:3, s. 152-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:To estimate the effect of the population based service screening programme in Sweden on mortality from breast cancer among women aged 50–69. SETTING:In 1986, population based service screening with mammography started in Sweden, and by 1997 screening had been introduced in all counties. Half of the counties invite women from 40 years of age whereas women 50 and older are invited in the other counties. The upper age limit was either 69 or 74. Women in the age group 50–69 years are thus invited to screening in all counties.METHODS:The counties which started with mammographic screening in 1986–87 constituted the study group and were compared with the counties which started in 1993 or later. In 1987 the mean number of women aged 50–69 was 161 986 and 98 608 in the study and control groups, respectively. Refined excess mortality (smoothed with the Lowess method) from breast cancer and refined cause specific mortality from breast cancer were used as effect measures. To adjust for geographical differences in mortality from breast cancer a reference period was used. Allowance was made for two potential biases: (a) inclusion bias implying the inclusion of cases diagnosed before invitation to screening in the first screening round, and (b) lead time bias.RESULTS:After a mean follow up time of 10.6 years since the start of screening and a mean individual follow up time of 8.4 years, a non-significant reduction in refined excess mortality for breast cancer was estimated as relative risk (RR) 0.84 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.67 to 1.05). After adjustment for inclusion and lead time biases the RR was 0.80 (20% reduction). Only 27% of the deaths from breast cancer in the total mortality for women aged 50–79 at death consisted of women aged 50–69 at diagnosis who were diagnosed after the start of screening. This figure has important implications for judgement of the impact of screening on age specific national breast cancer mortalities.CONCLUSIONS:A non-significant reduction in mortality from breast cancer was found in counties performing service screening with mammography in Sweden. Adjustment for possible biases changed the result towards a larger effect of screening. The results do not contradict the effects found in the Swedish randomised mammography trials.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning, characterization and expression of human LIG1
- 2001
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 284:5, s. 1155-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth factor receptors are frequently amplified and over-expressed in various human cancers. Recently, a Drosophila cell surface protein, Kekkon-1, was found to participate in an epidermal growth factor (EGF) driven negative feedback loop. Kekkon-1 is induced by EGF, binds to the EGF-receptor, and inhibits receptor-mediated signaling. Here, we have searched for human genes with homologies to Kekkon-1 and identified human LIG1. The gene is the human homologue of mouse Lig-1 and is located on chromosome band 3p14, a region frequently deleted in various human cancers. It is predicted to encode a transmembrane cell-surface protein with extracellular leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains. LIG1 mRNA was detected in all tissues analyzed. The highest and lowest relative expression levels were found in brain and spleen, respectively, and differed by more than 200-fold. Taken together, our data are compatible with a role for LIG1 as a growth and tumor suppressor in human tissues.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ruuth, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Interferon-alpha promotes survival of human primary B-lymphocytes via phoshatidylinositol 3-kinase
- 2001
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Academic Press. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 284:3, s. 583-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Signaling pathways for the antiviral and antiproliferative biological effects of type I interferons (IFN) are well established. In this report we demonstrate a novel signaling pathway for IFN-α, as it induced rapid phosphorylation of both PKB/Akt and its substrate forkhead. The PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 abolished these phosphorylations. PI3-kinase has been implicated in cell survival mediating its effect through the second messenger PIP3 and the subsequent activation of PKB/Akt. We could show that IFN-α inhibited spontaneous apoptosis of primary B-lymphocytes, in the absence of a mitogenic stimulus. This effect was inhibited by LY294002. Thus, our data suggests that IFN-α promotes survival of peripheral B-lymphocytes via the PI3-kinase-PKB/Akt pathway. In addition, IFN-α stimulation of anti-IgM activated cells resulted in downregulated expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27/Kip1.
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| 10. |
- Sitohy, Basel, et al.
(författare)
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Colonic endocrine cells in rats with chemically induced colon carcinoma
- 2001
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Ingår i: Histology and Histopathology. - : University of Murcia. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 16:3, s. 833-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colonic carcinoma was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting them with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride. Control rats were injected with EDTA solution. Tissue specimens of colon from four groups of animals: (i) rats without tumour, (ii) with dysplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia, (iii) with colonic adenocarcinoma, and (iv) controls, were investigated. The colonic endocrine cells were detected by immunocytochemistry and quantified by computerised image analysis. Peptide YY (PYY)- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were found in the colon of all the groups investigated. There were few somatostatin- or enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells and no pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells in the colon of any of the groups studied. The density of PYY-immunoreactive cells increased significantly in rats with dysplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia and in rats with colon carcinoma. There was no statistically significant difference as regards cell secretory index (CSI) or nuclear area of PYY-immunoreactive cells in any of treated groups examined. Nor was there any statistically significant difference between all treated animal groups and controls, as regards cell density, CSI, or nuclear area of serotonin-immunoreactive cells. The present observations in an animal model of human colon carcinoma support the assumption that neuroendocrine peptides in the gut are involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinoma. However, The nature of the changes in the colonic endocrine cells observed here differed from those in patients with colon carcinoma, possibly due to a difference between the response of young rats to an induced colon carcinoma and a spontaneously developed carcinoma in elderly humans, or due to a species difference.
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