| 1. |
- Eldh, Maria, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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MicroRNA in exosomes isolated directly from the liver circulation in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uveal melanoma is a tumour arising from melanocytes of the eye, and 30 per cent of these patients develop liver metastases. Exosomes are small RNA containing nano-vesicles released by most cells, including malignant melanoma cells. This clinical translational study included patients undergoing isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) for metastatic uveal melanoma, from whom exosomes were isolated directly from liver perfusates. The objective was to determine whether exosomes are present in the liver circulation, and to ascertain whether these may originate from melanoma cells.
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| 2. |
- Hägerlind, E., et al.
(författare)
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Near infrared and skin impedance spectroscopy : a possible support in the diagnostic process of skin tumours in primary health care
- 2015
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Ingår i: Skin research and technology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 21:4, s. 493-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/purpose: The global incidence of skin cancer has increased drastically in recent decades, especially in Australia and Northern Europe. Early detection is crucial for good prognosis and high survival rates. In general, primary care physicians have considerably lower sensitivity and specificity rates for detection of skin cancer, compared to dermatologists. A probable main reason for this is that current diagnostic tools are subjective in nature, and therefore diagnostic skills highly depend on experience. Illustratively, in Sweden, approximately 155500 benign skin lesions are excised unnecessarily every year. An objective instrument, added to the clinical examination, might improve the diagnostic accuracy, and thus promote earlier detection of malignant skin tumours, as well as reduce medical costs associated with unnecessary biopsies and excisions. The general aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the combination of near infrared (NIR) and skin impedance spectroscopy as a supportive tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of skin tumours in primary health care.Methods: Near infrared and skin impedance data were collected by performing measurements on suspect malignant, premalignant and benign tumours in the skin of patients seeking primary health care for skin tumour evaluation. The obtained data were analysed using multivariate analysis and compared with the diagnosis received by the conventional diagnostic process.Results: The observed sensitivity and specificity rates were both 100%, when discriminating malignant and premalignant skin tumours from benign skin tumours, and the observed sensitivity and specificity for separating malignant skin tumours from premalignant and benign skin tumours were also 100%, respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the NIR and skin impedance spectroscopy may be a useful supportive tool for the general practitioner in the diagnosis and evaluation of skin tumours in primary health care, as a complement to the visual assessment.
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| 3. |
- Papachristou, Panagiotis, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an artificial intelligence-based decision support for the detection of cutaneous melanoma in primary care: a prospective real-life clinical trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 191:1, s. 125-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Use of artificial intelligence (AI), or machine learning, to assess dermoscopic images of skin lesions to detect melanoma has, in several retrospective studies, shown high levels of diagnostic accuracy on par with - or even outperforming - experienced dermatologists. However, the enthusiasm around these algorithms has not yet been matched by prospective clinical trials performed in authentic clinical settings. In several European countries, including Sweden, the initial clinical assessment of suspected skin cancer is principally conducted in the primary healthcare setting by primary care physicians, with or without access to teledermoscopic support from dermatology clinics.Objectives To determine the diagnostic performance of an AI-based clinical decision support tool for cutaneous melanoma detection, operated by a smartphone application (app), when used prospectively by primary care physicians to assess skin lesions of concern due to some degree of melanoma suspicion.Methods This prospective multicentre clinical trial was conducted at 36 primary care centres in Sweden. Physicians used the smartphone app on skin lesions of concern by photographing them dermoscopically, which resulted in a dichotomous decision support text regarding evidence for melanoma. Regardless of the app outcome, all lesions underwent standard diagnostic procedures (surgical excision or referral to a dermatologist). After investigations were complete, lesion diagnoses were collected from the patients' medical records and compared with the app's outcome and other lesion data.Results In total, 253 lesions of concern in 228 patients were included, of which 21 proved to be melanomas, with 11 thin invasive melanomas and 10 melanomas in situ. The app's accuracy in identifying melanomas was reflected in an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.960 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.928-0.980], corresponding to a maximum sensitivity and specificity of 95.2% and 84.5%, respectively. For invasive melanomas alone, the AUROC was 0.988 (95% CI 0.965-0.997), corresponding to a maximum sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 92.6%, respectively.Conclusions The clinical decision support tool evaluated in this investigation showed high diagnostic accuracy when used prospectively in primary care patients, which could add significant clinical value for primary care physicians assessing skin lesions for melanoma. We investigated the diagnostic performance of an AI-based decision support in the form of a mobile app to detect melanoma when used by primary care physicians. The app proved to have high levels of diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing melanomas from other skin lesions. We conclude that it appears to be a potentially valuable diagnostic aid for the primary care physician in the assessment of skin lesions of concern.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Sara L, et al.
(författare)
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Midkine and Pleiotrophin have bactericidal properties : preserved antibacterial activity in a family of Heparin-binding growth factors during evolution
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 285:21, s. 16105-16115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibacterial peptides of the innate immune system combat pathogenic microbes, but often have additional roles in promoting inflammation and as growth factors during tissue repair. Midkine (MK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are the only two members of a family of heparin-binding growth factors. They show restricted expression during embryogenesis and are up-regulated in neoplasia. In addition, MK shows constitutive and inflammation-dependent expression in some non-transformed tissues of the adult. In the present study, we show that both MK and PTN display strong antibacterial activity, present at physiological salt concentrations. Electron microscopy of bacteria and experiments using artificial lipid bilayers suggest that MK and PTN exert their antibacterial action via a membrane disruption mechanism. The predicted structure of PTN, employing the previously solved MK structure as a template, indicates that both molecules consist of two domains, each containing three antiparallel beta-sheets. The antibacterial activity was mapped to the unordered C-terminal tails of both molecules and the last beta-sheets of the N-terminals. Analysis of the highly conserved MK and PTN orthologues from the amphibian Xenopus laevis and the fish Danio rerio suggests that they also harbor antibacterial activity in the corresponding domains. In support of an evolutionary conserved function it was found that the more distant orthologue, insect Miple2 from Drosophila melanogaster, also displays strong antibacterial activity. Taken together, the findings suggest that MK and PTN, in addition to their earlier described activities, may have previously unrealized important roles as innate antibiotics.
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| 5. |
- Jaenson, Thomas G. T., 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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"Fågelloppor" kan ha varit fågelkvalster
- 2010
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 107:29-31, s. 1791-1792
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 6. |
- Mojumdar, Enamul Haque, et al.
(författare)
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Probing skin barrier recovery on molecular level following acute wounds : An in vivo/ex vivo study on pigs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9059. ; 9:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proper skin barrier function is paramount for our survival, and, suffering injury, there is an acute need to restore the lost barrier and prevent development of a chronic wound. We hypothesize that rapid wound closure is more important than immediate perfection of the barrier, whereas specific treatment may facilitate perfection. The aim of the current project was therefore to evaluate the quality of restored tissue down to the molecular level. We used Göttingen minipigs with a multi-technique approach correlating wound healing progression in vivo over three weeks, monitored by classical methods (e.g., histology, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), pH) and subsequent physicochemical characterization of barrier recovery (i.e., small and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SWAXD), polarization transfer solid-state NMR (PTssNMR), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)), providing a unique insight into molecular aspects of healing. We conclude that although acute wounds sealed within two weeks as expected, molecular investigation of stratum corneum (SC) revealed a poorly developed keratin organization and deviations in lipid lamellae formation. A higher lipid fluidity was also observed in regenerated tissue. This may have been due to incomplete lipid conversion during barrier recovery as glycosphingolipids, normally not present in SC, were indicated by infrared FTIR spectroscopy. Evidently, a molecular approach to skin barrier recovery could be a valuable tool in future development of products targeting wound healing.
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| 7. |
- Sorice, Sarah C., et al.
(författare)
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Corrects the Peri-Wound Microvascular Flow
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1072-7515. ; 223:4, s. S97-S98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to facilitate wound healing in diabetic lower extremity ulcers is well established. The impact of HBOT, however, on tissue perfusion and flow is not known. The purpose of this pilot study was to ascertain the effects of HBOT on the microvasculature of chronic wounds, as assessed by fluorescent angiography.
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| 8. |
- Malak, Monika, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring calcium-induced epidermal differentiation in vitro using multiphoton microscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 25:7, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SIGNIFICANCE: Research in tissue engineering and in vitro organ formation has recently intensified. To assess tissue morphology, the method of choice today is restricted primarily to histology. Thus novel tools are required to enable noninvasive, and preferably label-free, three-dimensional imaging that is more compatible with futuristic organ-on-a-chip models. AIM: We investigate the potential for using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) as a label-free in vitro approach to monitor calcium-induced epidermal differentiation. APPROACH: In vitro epidermis was cultured at the air-liquid interface in varying calcium concentrations. Morphology and tissue architecture were investigated using MPM based on visualizing cellular autofluorescence. RESULTS: Distinct morphologies corresponding to epidermal differentiation were observed. In addition, Ca2+-induced effects could be distinguished based on the architectural differences in stratification in the tissue cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that MPM based on cellular autofluorescence enables visualization of Ca2+-induced differentiation in epidermal skin models in vitro. The technique has potential to be further adapted as a noninvasive, label-free, and real-time tool to monitor tissue regeneration and organ formation in vitro.
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| 9. |
- Åberg, N David, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral administration of GH induces cell proliferation in the brain of adult hypophysectomized rats.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of endocrinology. - 1479-6805. ; 201:1, s. 141-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IGF-I treatment has been shown to enhance cell genesis in the brains of adult GH- and IGF-I-deficient rodents; however, the influence of GH therapy remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of peripheral recombinant bovine GH (bGH) on cellular proliferation and survival in the neurogenic regions (subventricular zone (SVZ), and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus), as well as the corpus callosum, striatum, parietal cortex, and piriform cortex. Hypopituitarism was induced in female rats by hypophysectomy, and the rats were supplemented with thyroxine and cortisone acetate. Subsequently, the rats received daily s.c. injections of bGH for either 6 or 28 days respectively. Following 5 days of peripheral bGH administration, the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells was increased in the hippocampus, striatum, parietal cortex, and piriform cortex after 6 and 28 days. In the SVZ, however, BrdU-positive cells increased only after 28 days of bGH treatment. No significant change was observed in the corpus callosum. In the hippocampus, after 28 days of bGH treatment, the number of BrdU/NeuN-positive cells was increased proportionally to increase the number of BrdU-positive cells. (3)H-thymidine incorporation in vitro revealed that 24 h of bGH exposure was sufficient to increase cell proliferation in adult hippocampal progenitor cells. This study shows for the first time that 1) peripheral bGH treatment increased the number of newborn cells in the adult brain and 2) bGH exerted a direct proliferative effect on neuronal progenitor cells in vitro.
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| 10. |
- Jensen, LK, et al.
(författare)
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Optical coherence tomography in clinical examination of non-pigmented skin malignancies
- 2003
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Ingår i: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND COHERENCE TECHNIQUES. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 0819450103 ; 5140, s. 160-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) have been acquired using a compact handheld probe with an integrated video camera allowing the OCT images to be correlated to a skin surface image. In general the healthy tissue of the skin has an obvious stratified structure, whereas the cancerous tissue shows a more homogenous structure. Thus it was demonstrated that it is possible to distinguish BCCs from healthy tissue by means of OCT. Furthermore different histological types of BCC were identified. Comparison of OCT images taken prior to and immediately after photodynamic therapy clearly shows the tissue response to the treatment, and indicates local oedema in the treated area.
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