| 1. |
- Falkenius, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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High expression of glycolytic and pigment proteins is associated with worse clinical outcome in stage III melanoma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Melanoma research. - 0960-8931 .- 1473-5636. ; 23:6, s. 452-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are insufficient numbers of prognostic factors available for prediction of clinical outcome in patients with stage III malignant cutaneous melanoma, even when known adverse pathological risk factors, such as macrometastasis, number of lymph node metastases, and ulceration are taken into consideration. The aim of this study was therefore to identify additional prognostic factors to better predict patients with a high risk of relapse, thus enabling us to better determine the need for adjuvant treatment in stage III disease. An RNA oligonucleotide microarray study was performed on first regional lymph node metastases in 42 patients with stage III melanoma: 23 patients with short-term survival (13 months) and 19 with long-term survival (60 months), to identify genes associated with clinical outcome. Candidate genes were validated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Several gene ontology (GO) categories were highly significantly differentially expressed including glycolysis (GO: 0006096; P<0.001) and the pigment biosynthetic process (GO: 0046148; P<0.001), in which overexpression was associated with short-disease-specific survival. Three overexpressed glycolytic genes, GAPDHS, GAPDH, and PKM2, and two pigment-related genes, TYRP1 and OCA2, were selected for validation. A significant difference in GAPDHS protein expression between short- and long-term survivors (P=0.021) and a trend for PKM2 (P=0.093) was observed in univariate analysis. Positive expression of at least two of four proteins (GAPDHS, GAPDH, PKM2, TYRP1) in immunohistochemical analysis was found to be an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease-specific survival (P=0.011). Our results indicate that this prognostic panel in combination with established risk factors may contribute to an improved prediction of patients with a high risk of relapse.
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| 2. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda S., et al.
(författare)
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Chromium released from leather - I : exposure conditions that govern the release of chromium(III) and chromium(VI)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 72:4, s. 206-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Approximately 1-3% of the adult population in Europe is allergic to chromium (Cr). Anew restriction in REACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) based on the ISO 17075 standard has recently been adopted in the EU to limit Cr(VI) in consumer and occupational leather products. Objectives. The aim of this study was to critically assess key experimental parameters in this standard on the release of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) and their relevance for skin exposure. Material and methods. Four differently tanned, unfinished, leather samples were systematically investigated for their release of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in relation to surface area, key exposure parameters, temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, and time. Results. Although the total release of Cr was largely unaffected by all investigated parameters, except exposure duration and temperature, the Cr oxidation state was highly dynamic, with reduced amounts of released Cr(VI) with time, owing to the simultaneous release of reducing agents from the leather. Significantly more Cr(III) than Cr(VI) was released from the Cr-tanned leather for all conditions tested, and it continued to be released in artificial sweat up to at least 1 week of exposure. Conclusions. Several parameters were identified that influenced the outcome of the ISO 17075 test.
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| 3. |
- Mathiason, Frederik, et al.
(författare)
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Chromium released from leather - II : the importance of environmental parameters
- 2015
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 72:5, s. 275-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Approximately 1-3% of the adult population in Europe are allergic to chromium (Cr). A new restriction in Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) based on the ISO 17075 standard has recently been adopted in the EU to limit Cr(VI) in consumer and occupational leather products to < 3 mg/kg. Objectives. To investigate the influence of storage conditions [relative humidity, temperature, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and duration] on Cr release, and to assess several parameters relevant for occupational exposure (repeated exposure, wear, alkaline solutions, and sequential wet and dry exposures). Material and methods. A leather of relevance for work gloves was investigated for its release of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) under these different experimental conditions. Results. Relative humidity (water content in leather) during storage prior to Cr extraction was the single most important parameter. Cr(VI) levels could vary from non-detectable to levels significantly exceeding the restriction limit, depending on the relative humidity. Leather contact with alkaline solution and UV irradiation during storage could increase the Cr(VI) levels in subsequent extractions. Conclusions. The amount of Cr(VI) in leather is not an intrinsic property, but is influenced by environmental conditions of relevance for occupations and skin exposure.
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| 4. |
- Dancila, Dragos, et al.
(författare)
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Millimeter wave silicon micromachined waveguide probe as an aid for skin diagnosis - results of measurements on phantom material with varied water content
- 2014
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Ingår i: Skin research and technology. - : Wiley. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846. ; 20:1, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMore than 2 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed annually in the United States, which makes it the most common form of cancer in that country. Early detection of cancer usually results in less extensive treatment and better outcome for the patient. Millimeter wave silicon micromachined waveguide probe is foreseen as an aid for skin diagnosis, which is currently based on visual inspection followed by biopsy, in cases where the macroscopical picture raises suspicion of malignancy.AimsDemonstration of the discrimination potential of tissues of different water content using a novel micromachined silicon waveguide probe. Secondarily, the silicon probe miniaturization till an inspection area of 600 x 200 m2, representing a drastic reduction by 96.3% of the probing area, in comparison with a conventional WR-10 waveguide. The high planar resolution is required for histology and early-state skin-cancer detection.Material and methodsTo evaluate the probe three phantoms with different water contents, i.e. 50%, 75% and 95%, mimicking dielectric properties of human skin were characterized in the frequency range of 95-105GHz. The complex permittivity values of the skin are obtained from the variation in frequency and amplitude of the reflection coefficient (S11), measured with a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), by comparison with finite elements simulations of the measurement set-up, using the commercially available software, HFSS. The expected frequency variation is calculated with HFSS and is based on extrapolated complex permittivities, using one relaxation Debye model from permittivity measurements obtained using the Agilent probe.ResultsMillimeter wave reflection measurements were performed using the probe in the frequency range of 95-105GHz with three phantoms materials and air. Intermediate measurement results are in good agreement with HFSS simulations, based on the extrapolated complex permittivity. The resonance frequency lowers, from the idle situation when it is probing air, respectively by 0.7, 1.2 and 4.26GHz when a phantom material of 50%, 75% and 95% water content is measured.DiscussionThe results of the measurements in our laboratory set-up with three different phantoms indicate that the probe may be able to discriminate between normal and pathological skin tissue, improving the spatial resolution in histology and on skin measurements, due to the highly reduced area of probing.ConclusionThe probe has the potential to discriminate between normal and pathological skin tissue. Further, improved information, compared to the optical histological inspection can be obtained, i.e. the complex permittivity characterization is obtained with a high resolution, due to the highly reduced measurement area of the probe tip.
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| 5. |
- Grönkvist, Mikael J, et al.
(författare)
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Contributions of lower limb and abdominal compression to ventilation inhomogeneity in hypergravity
- 2005
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Ingår i: Respir Physiol Neurobiol. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 148:1-2, s. 113-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gravito-inertial load in the head-to-foot direction (Gz) and compression of the lower body half by an anti-G suit (AGS) are both known to influence ventilation distribution in the lungs. To study the interaction of Gz and AGS and to asses the separate contributions from lower limbs and abdominal compressions to large and small-scale ventilation inhomogeneities nine males performed SF6/He vital capacity (VC) single-breath washouts at 1, 2, and 3 Gz in a centrifuge, with abdominal and/or lower limbs compressions. SF6/He and (SF6-He) phase III slopes were used for determination of overall and small-scale ventilation inhomogeneity. Closing volume and phase IV height were used as measures of large-scale inhomogeneity. VC decreased marginally with G-load but markedly with lower limbs compression. Small-scale ventilation inhomogeneity increased slightly with G-load, but substantially with AGS pressurization. Small-scale ventilation inhomogeneity increased with AGS pressurization. Large-scale inhomogeneity increased markedly with G-load. Translocation of blood to the lungs might be the key determinant for changes in small-scale ventilation inhomogeneity when pressurizing an AGS.
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| 6. |
- He, Zehui, et al.
(författare)
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Rasch Analysis of the Dermatology Life Quality Index Reveals Limited Application to Chinese Patients with Skin Disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 98:1, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and to assess the invariance of its items with respect to several patient parameters via Rasch analysis. Data were aggregated from 9,845 patients with various skin diseases across 9 hospitals in different regions of China. The response structure, local independence, and reliability of the DLQI scale were analysed in a partial credit model, and differential item functioning (DIF) across region, disease, sex, and age were assessed with a Mantel-Haenszel procedure. Although acceptable scale reliability (Person Separation Index=2.3) was obtained, several problems were revealed, including disordered response thresholds, misfitting items, DIF by geographical region and disease, and mis-targeting patients with mild impairment regarding health-related quality of life (HRQL). In conclusion, the DLQI provides inadequate information on patients' impairments in HRQL, and the application of the DLQI in Chinese patients with skin disease is limited.
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| 7. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, Docent, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Non-oxidative hair dye products on the European market : What do they contain?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 79:5, s. 281-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hair dyeing is very common and may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Oxidative (often termed permanent or semi-permanent) hair dye products have constituted the focus of market surveys and toxicological risk assessments, while non-oxidative (semi-permanent, temporary or direct) products have not been assessed. Objectives: To identify the hair dye substances presently used in non-oxidative hair dye products in Europe. Methods: Ingredient label data on eligible products in 5 European countries were collected, and 289 different non-oxidative hair dye products were included in this study. Results: Up to 9 hair dye substances were present in each product. Sixty-eight individual hair dye substances were identified on the 289 product labels, and their occurrence ranged from 0.3% to 34%. There were differences concerning substances used and their number per product between products of different consistency and colour. Conclusions: The hair dye substances in non-oxidative hair dye products are different from those in oxidative hair dye products, and are currently not covered by patch test series. The toxicological and skin-sensitizing profile of the substances in non-oxidative hair dye products, as well as their concentrations, should be further investigated.
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| 8. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, Docent, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of aluminium release from Finn chambers under different in vitro test conditions of relevance for patch testing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 83:5, s. 380-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Contact allergy to aluminium (Al) might pose a risk of false-positive readings of patch-test results when testing with Finn chambers. Objectives: To quantify the release of Al from empty Al Finn chambers, covered Finn Aqua chambers, and Al Finn chambers containing different baseline patch-test substances. Methods: Al Finn chambers of different conditions and with different patch-test substances were tested in artificial sweat and their Al release was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Results: The amount of Al released from empty Finn chambers corresponded to a skin dose of 0.03%–0.5% Al chloride hexahydrate applied in plastic chambers. Although most patch-test substances reduced the release of Al from the Finn chambers due to covering the surface, some substances significantly increased the release of Al from the Finn chambers, most notable for Caine mix II 10% pet., Myroxylon pereirae 25% pet., and sodium tetrachloropalladate hydrate 3.0% pet. Conclusions: The release of Al from Finn chambers corresponds in some cases to clinically relevant concentrations of Al for Al-sensitized individuals.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Julander, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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New UK nickel-plated steel coins constitute an increased allergy and eczema risk
- 2013
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 68:6, s. 323-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Nickel-plated steel coins have recently been introduced in the United Kingdom. Objectives. To compare the performance and allergy risk of the new nickel-plated coins (five and ten pence) with those of the cupro-nickel coins being replaced. Materials and methods. Coin handling studies with assessment of skin exposure and metal release in artificial sweat were performed. Six volunteers participated. Results. The amount of nickel deposited onto skin during the handling of nickel-plated coins for 1 hr was 7.5 mu g/cm(2), four times higher than that from cupro-nickel coins. The nickel content in the oxidized surface of nickel-plated coins was higher, explaining the higher skin dose. Initial nickel release rates were 10-27 times higher than 1-week rates, emphasizing that brief and repeated contact results in significant nickel exposure. Conclusions. Nickel-plated coins deposit higher levels of nickel onto skin than cupro-nickel coins, and hence pose an increased allergy risk. One-week release in artificial sweat is not suitable for determining the risk of handling items with high nickel release that come into short, repeated contact with the skin. The nickel skin dose is recommended for risk assessment. UK citizens are now, because of this change in coinage, unnecessarily exposed to higher levels of nickel on the skin. This is of public health concern.
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