| 1. |
- Berntson, Lillemor, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study Investigating Faecal Microbiota After Two Dietary Interventions in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0343-8651 .- 1432-0991. ; 79:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is evidence for an impact of the gut microbiota on the immune system, which has consequences for inflammatory diseases. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) have been demonstrated as effective anti-inflammatory treatments for children with Crohn’s disease. We have previously shown an anti-inflammatory effect from these nutritional treatments in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this study was to investigate if improved clinical symptoms after EEN or SCD treatment in children with JIA could be linked to changes in faecal microbiota. We included sixteen patients with JIA (age 7–17 years), six for treatment with EEN and ten with SCD. EEN was given for 3–5 weeks and SCD for 4–5 weeks, with clinical and laboratory status assessed before and after treatment. Faecal samples were analysed for microbiota diversity and composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analyses of the faecal microbiota showed an effect on the overall composition with both interventions; the most striking result was a decreased relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium from EEN and of Bifidobacterium from SCD. The α-diversity decreased significantly from SCD (P = 0.04), but not from EEN (P = 0.22). Despite the study cohorts being small, both EEN and SCD were shown to impact the faecal microbiota. Future larger studies with a focus on metagenomics or metabolomics could possibly reveal a link and clarify the clinical effects of those nutritional regimens.
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| 2. |
- Peura, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Normal values for calprotectin in stool samples of infants from the population-based longitudinal born into life study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - Stockholm : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 78:1-2, s. 120-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faecal calprotectin is a protein used as a diagnostic marker for inflammatory bowel diseases. We determined upper limits for normal calprotectin values for neonatal, 6, 12 and 24 months old children using a turbidimetric immunoassay in a cohort of Swedish children. The advantage of the method is that opposite to previously used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, it enables measuring single samples, and thus, shortens the analysis time significantly. There were 72 samples (41.7% female) collected neonatally, 63 samples (34.9% female) at 6 months, 60 samples (40.0% female) at 12 months and 51 samples (43.1% female) at 24 months. The upper limits for normal values were 233, 615, 136 and 57 µg mg-1 for infants aged 0, 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Willing, Ben, et al.
(författare)
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Twin studies reveal specific imbalances in the mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with ileal Crohn's disease
- 2009
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - New York : John Wiley & Sons. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 15:5, s. 653-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Large interindividual variation in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between unrelated individuals has made it challenging to identify specific aspects of dysbiosis that lead to Crohn's disease (CD).METHODS: To reduce variations in exposure during establishment of the gut flora and the influence of genotype, we studied the mucosa-associated microbiota of monozygotic twin pairs that were discordant (n = 6) or concordant (n = 4) for CD. DNA was extracted from biopsies collected from 5 locations between the ileum and rectum. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes were amplified and community composition assessed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning and sequencing, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: The microbial compositions at all biopsy locations for each individual were similar, regardless of disease state, but there were differences between individuals. In particular, individuals with predominantly ileal CD had a dramatically lower abundance (P < 0.001) of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and increased abundance (P < 0.03) of Escherichia coli compared to healthy co-twins and those with CD localized in the colon. This dysbiosis was significantly correlated to the disease phenotype rather than genotype.CONCLUSIONS: The reduced abundance of F. prausnitzii and increased abundance of E. coli are indicative of an ileal CD phenotype, distinct from colonic CD, and the relative abundances of these specific bacterial populations are promising biomarker candidates for differential diagnosis of CD and eventually customized treatment.
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| 4. |
- Kampmann, C., et al.
(författare)
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Composition of human faecal microbiota in resistance to Campylobacter infection
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 22:1, s. 1-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In mice, specific species composition of gut microbiota enhances susceptibility to Campylobacter jejuni but little is known about the specific composition of the human gut microbiota in providing protection from infections caused by enteropathogens. Healthy adult individuals, who travelled in groups from Sweden to destinations with an estimated high risk for acquisition of Campylobacter infection, were enrolled. Faecal samples, collected before travelling and after returning home, were cultured for bacterial enteropathogens, and analysed for Campylobacter by PCR and for the species composition of the microbiota by 16S amplicon massive parallel sequencing. The microbiota compositions were compared between persons who became infected during their travel and those who did not. A total of 63 participants completed the study; 14 became infected with Campylobacter, two with Salmonella and 47 remained negative for the enteropathogens tested. After exclusion of samples taken after antimicrobial treatment, 49 individuals were included in the final analyses. Intra-individual stability of the microbiota was demonstrated for samples taken before travelling. The original diversity of the faecal microbiota was significantly lower among individuals who later became infected compared with those who remained uninfected. The relative abundances of bacteria belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae, and more specifically its two genera Dorea and Coprococcus, were significantly higher among those who remained uninfected. The travel-related infection did not significantly modify the faecal microbiota composition. Species composition of human gut microbiota is important for colonization resistance to Campylobacter infection. Especially individuals with a lower diversity are more susceptible to Campylobacter infection.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ahnlund, Maria
(författare)
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Lipidomics in Ulcerative Colitis Reveal Alteration in Mucosal Lipid Composition Associated With the Disease State
- 2019
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 25, s. 1780-1787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The onset of ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism and a disruption of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules. Only a few studies describe the mucosal lipid biosignatures during active UC. Moreover, the dynamics of lipid metabolism in the remission state is poorly defined. Therefore, this study aims to characterize mucosal lipid profiles in treatment-naive UC. patients and deep remission UC patients compared with healthy subjects.Methods: Treatment-naive UC patients (n = 21), UC patients in deep remission (n = 12), and healthy volunteers (n = 14) were recruited. The state of deep remission was defined by histological and immunological remission defined by a normalized TNF-alpha gene expression. Mucosa biopsies were collected by colonoscopy. Lipid analysis was performed by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS). In total, 220 lipids from 11 lipid classes were identified.Results: The relative concentration of 122 and 36 lipids was altered in UC treatment-naive patients and UC remission patients, respectively, compared with healthy controls. The highest number of significant variations was in the phosphatidylcholine (PC), ceramide (Cer), and sphingomyelin (SM) composition. Multivariate analysis revealed discrimination among the study groups based on the lipid profile. Furthermore, changes in ph osphatidylethanolamine(38:3), Cer(d18:1/24:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:2) were most distinctive between the groups.Conclusion: This study revealed a discriminant mucosal lipid composition pattern between treatment-naive UC patients, deep remission UC patients, and healthy controls. We report several distinctive lipids, which might be involved in the inflammatory response in UC, and could reflect the disease state.
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| 7. |
- Borg, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Gastroparesis is associated with oxytocin deficiency, oesophageal dysmotility with hyperCCKemia, and autonomic neuropathy with hypergastrinemia
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-230X .- 1471-230X. ; 9, s. Article number 17-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility and autonomic neuropathy are common problems among diabetics with largely unknown aetiology. Many peptides are involved in the autonomic nervous system regulating the GI tract. The aim of this study was to examine if concentrations of oxytocin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin and vasopressin in plasma differ between diabetics with normal function and dysfunction in GI motility.Methods: Nineteen patients with symptoms from the GI tract who had been examined with gastric emptying scintigraphy, oesophageal manometry, and deep-breathing test were included. They further received a fat-rich meal, after which blood samples were collected and plasma frozen until analysed for hormonal concentrations.Results: There was an increase in postprandial oxytocin plasma concentration in the group with normal gastric emptying (p = 0.015) whereas subjects with delayed gastric emptying had no increased oxytocin secretion (p = 0.114). Both CCK and gastrin levels increased after the meal, with no differences between subjects with normal respective delayed gastric emptying. The concentration of vasopressin did not increase after the meal. In patients with oesophageal dysmotility the basal level of CCK tended to be higher (p = 0.051) and those with autonomic neuropathy had a higher area under the curve (AUC) of gastrin compared to normal subjects (p = 0.007).Conclusion: Reduced postprandial secretion of oxytocin was found in patients with delayed gastric emptying, CCK secretion was increased in patients with oesophageal dysmotility, and gastrin secretion was increased in patients with autonomic neuropathy. The findings suggest that disturbed peptide secretion may be part of the pathophysiology of digestive complications in diabetics.
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| 8. |
- Carstens, Adam, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The Gut Microbiota in Collagenous Colitis Shares Characteristics With Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Dysbiosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2155-384X. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an aberrant immune response to gut microbiota is important, but the role of the microbiota in collagenous colitis (CC) is largely unknown. We aimed to characterize the microbiota of patients with CC compared with that of healthy control and patients with IBD.METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from patients with CC (n = 29), age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 29), patients with Crohn's disease (n = 32), and patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 32). Sequence data were obtained by 454 sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, and the obtained sequences were subsequently taxonomically classified.RESULTS: Analysis of similarity statistics showed a segregation between patients with CC and healthy controls with increasing taxonomic resolution, becoming significant comparing operational taxonomic unit data (P = 0.006). CC had a lower abundance of 10 different taxa. Taxa-specific analyses revealed a consistent lower abundance of several operational taxonomic units belonging to the Ruminococcaceae family in patients with CC, q < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction. Loss of these taxa was seen in patients with CC with active disease and/or corticosteroid treatment only and resembled the findings in patients with IBD.DISCUSSION: CC is associated with a specific fecal microbiome seen primarily in patients with active disease or ongoing corticosteroid treatment, whereas the microbiome of CC patients in remission resembled that of healthy controls. Notably, the shift in key taxa, including the Ruminococcaceae family, was also observed in IBD. There may be common mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CC and IBD.
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| 9. |
- Cunningham, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of time and temperature on gut microbiota and SCFA composition in stool samples
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 15:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a growing number of non-communicable diseases. High through-put sequencing technologies and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiling enables surveying of the composition and function of the gut microbiota and provide key insights into host-microbiome interactions. However, a methodological problem with analyzing stool samples is that samples are treated and stored differently prior to submission for analysis potentially influencing the composition of the microbiota and its metabolites. In the present study, we simulated the sample acquisition of a large-scale study, in which stool samples were stored for up to two days in the fridge or at room temperature before being handed over to the hospital. To assess the influence of time and temperature on the microbial community and on SCFA composition in a controlled experimental setting, the stool samples of 10 individuals were exposed to room and fridge temperatures for 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, qPCR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the influence of storage time and temperature on the absolute abundance of methanogens, and ofLactobacillus reuteri. The results indicate that values obtained for methanogens,L.reuteriand total bacteria are still representative even after storage for up to 48 hours at RT (20 degrees C) or 4 degrees C. The overall microbial composition and structure appeared to be influenced more by laboratory errors introduced during sample processing than by the actual effects of temperature and time. Although microbial activity was demonstrated by elevated SCFA at both 4 degrees C and RT, SCFAs ratios were more stable over the different conditions and may be considered as long as samples are come from similar storage conditions.
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| 10. |
- de Albuquerque, Gabriela E., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Bacteria and Fungi DNA Abundance in Human Tissues
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genes. - : MDPI. - 2073-4425 .- 2073-4425. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas targeted and shotgun sequencing approaches are both powerful in allowing the study of tissue-associated microbiota, the human: microorganism abundance ratios in tissues of interest will ultimately determine the most suitable sequencing approach. In addition, it is possible that the knowledge of the relative abundance of bacteria and fungi during a treatment course or in pathological conditions can be relevant in many medical conditions. Here, we present a qPCR-targeted approach to determine the absolute and relative amounts of bacteria and fungi and demonstrate their relative DNA abundance in nine different human tissue types for a total of 87 samples. In these tissues, fungi genomes are more abundant in stool and skin samples but have much lower levels in other tissues. Bacteria genomes prevail in stool, skin, oral swabs, saliva, and gastric fluids. These findings were confirmed by shotgun sequencing for stool and gastric fluids. This approach may contribute to a more comprehensive view of the human microbiota in targeted studies for assessing the abundance levels of microorganisms during disease treatment/progression and to indicate the most informative methods for studying microbial composition (shotgun versus targeted sequencing) for various samples types.
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