| 1. |
- Padra, Médea, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Carbohydrate-Dependent and Antimicrobial Peptide Defence Mechanisms Against Helicobacter pylori Infections
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation: Induction, Resolution and Escape by Helicobacter pylori. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030151386 ; , s. 179-207
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human stomach is a harsh and fluctuating environment for bacteria with hazards such as gastric acid and flow through of gastric contents into the intestine. H. pylori gains admission to a stable niche with nutrient access from exudates when attached to the epithelial cells under the mucus layer, whereof adherence to glycolipids and other factors provides stable and intimate attachment. To reach this niche, H. pylori must overcome mucosal defence mechanisms including the continuously secreted mucus layer, which provides several layers of defence: (1) mucins in the mucus layer can bind H. pylori and transport it away from the gastric niche with the gastric emptying, (2) mucins can inhibit H. pylori growth, both via glycans that can have antibiotic like function and via an aggregation-dependent mechanism, (3) antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have antimicrobial activity and are retained in a strategic position in the mucus layer and (4) underneath the mucus layer, the membrane-bound mucins provide a second barrier, and can function as releasable decoys. Many of these functions are dependent on H. pylori interactions with host glycan structures, and both the host glycosylation and concentration of antimicrobial peptides change with infection and inflammation, making these interactions dynamic. Here, we review our current understanding of mucin glycan and antimicrobial peptide-dependent host defence mechanisms against H. pylori infection.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Jan
(författare)
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Surgery in benign oesophageal disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0942-5373 .- 2197-4187. ; , s. 603-631
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern approach to benign oesophageal disease comprises endoscopic, laparoscopic and open surgical procedures. The indication for a surgical procedure is in some patients obvious, but in some patients less clear. It is important for patients and for healthcare professionals to have equal goals and expectations of a surgical procedure. The aim of this chapter is to convey to the reader a surgeon’s view on the limitations of surgery for benign oesophageal disease without technical discussions of less interest to non-surgical professionals. Incidence, pathogenesis, imaging, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, treatment, side effects and complications are discussed for most of the common benign disorders such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, hernias, strictures, achalasia, eosinophilic oesophagitis, diverticula, haemorrhage, foreign bodies and perforations. Symptoms, and objective findings of failed open or minimally invasive surgical procedures, commonly known by operating surgeons only, are briefly discussed and related to normal postoperative expectations and findings.
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| 4. |
- Biskou, Olga, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring intestinal permeability in celiac disease ex vivo, using Ussing chambers
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Celiac Disease. - : Academic Press. - 9780443192029 ; , s. 21-38
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multicellular organisms need epithelial barriers to remain compartmentalized and protected from external influences. Although much progress has been made in understanding barrier integrity disruption in Celiac disease (CD), the regulatory and genetic mechanisms underlying the increased intestinal epithelial flux are still unknown. As we learn more about the regulation of permeability in homeostasis and pathogenesis, we will be able to develop strategies to strengthen the epithelial barrier function in intestinal disorders, including CD. For this purpose, Ussing chambers are increasingly used in native tissue, such as gut mucosa or cell monolayers, to assess the integrity of the barrier. In particular, the Ussing chambers allow the measurement of paracellular and transcellular parameters of CD small intestinal biopsies under physiologically specific conditions. In diverse types of diseases, this method is commonly used to determine epithelial barrier defects, but its application to CD has not yet been widely expanded. To provide a great model of barrier ex vivo studies in CD, we facilitate a standard protocol to measure paracellular and transcellular permeability using the Ussing chamber.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bornstein, JC, et al.
(författare)
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Enteric Neural Regulation of Mucosal Secretion
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. 5th Edition. Volume 1. - London : Elsevier. - 9780123820266 ; , s. 769-791
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport of water and salt across the intestinal mucosa is a major function of the gastrointestinal tract and is regulated by the enteric nervous system. The details of this regulation vary between intestinal regions and between species. However, there are many common elements including that the major output neurons of the secretomotor pathways contain vasoactive intestinal peptide and are located in the submucosal plexus and that there are secretomotor circuits in both the myenteric and submucosal plexuses. These circuits are not simple feed-forward pathways, but include recurrent excitatory networks of intrinsic sensory neurons in both myenteric and submucosal plexuses. These neurons are excited by many sensory stimuli including major nutrients acting via mucosal enteroendocrine cells, and their excitability is enhanced in various diarrheal diseases, which often show disturbed coupling between secretion and motility, suggesting a central role for these circuits.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Stomibandagering
- 2008. - 1
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Ingår i: Stomi- och tarmopererad : ett helhetsperspektiv - ett helhetsperspektiv. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144047478 ; , s. 69-81
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Dicksved, Johan
(författare)
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The role of dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II: Metagenomics in Different Habitats. - Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 9780470647196 ; , s. 199-206
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Duberg, Ann-Sofi, 1957-
(författare)
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Bakterie- och parasitorsakade leversjukdomar
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Gastroenterologi och Hepatologi. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144093406 ; , s. 253-256
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Duberg, Ann-Sofi, 1957-
(författare)
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Virushepatiter
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: Gastroenterologi och Hepatologi. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144093406 ; , s. 247-252
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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