| 1. |
- Bennet, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical appearance of erythema migrans caused by Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii : effect of the patient´s sex
- 2006
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Ingår i: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. - : SPRINGER WIEN. - 0043-5325 .- 1613-7671. ; 118:17-18, s. 531-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim in this survey was to study the clinical characteristics of infections caused by Borrelia genospecies in patients with erythema migrans where Borrelial origin was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The aim was also to study factors influencing the clinical appearance of erythema migrans. Methods: The study was conducted in southern Sweden from May 2001 to December 2003 on patients 18 years and older attending with erythema migrans at outpatient clinics. All erythema migrans were verified by polymerase chain reaction, photographed and categorized into “annular” or “non-annular” lesions. A logistic regression model was used to analyze relations between the appearance of the erythema migrans (i.e., annular or non-annular) and factors that influenced its clinical appearances. Results: A total of 118 patients, 54 women (45.8%) and 64 men (54.2%), fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 74% were infected by B. afzelii, 26% by B. garinii ( p < 0.001). A total of 45% (38/85) of the erythema migrans were annular, 46% (39/85) were non-annular and 9.4% (8/85) were atypical. For men infected by B. afzelii the odds ratio of developing non-annular erythema migrans was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.03 - 0.33) in comparison with women with the same infection. Conclusions: In this prospective study of a large series of erythema migrans, where infecting genospecies were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, the sex of patients infected with B. afzelii had a strong influence on the appearance of the rash. Patients infected by B. garinii more often had non-annular erythema migrans and a more virulent infection with more individuals presenting with fever, raised levels of C-reactive protein and seroreactivity in the convalescence sera.
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| 2. |
- Malmberg, Leona, et al.
(författare)
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Establishment and maintenance of asepsis in endodontics – a review of the literature
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 74:6, s. 431-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Objectives: Successful endodontic treatment depends on effective measures to eliminate and prevent infection of root canals. Initially treatment should start with isolation and disinfection of the operating field. This review makes an inventory of the available knowledge regarding its establishment and maintenance. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database in order to identify clinical trials examining disinfection or unintentional contamination of the endodontic operative field. A list of 115 articles was obtained and screened. Five relevant articles were identified. These articles were read in full text. The reference lists from these articles were checked manually for additional studies and three studies were obtained. A total of eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: There was a great variety in terms of aim, method, and material of the included studies. None could prove a totally reliable aseptic operative field and not one chemical, or combination of chemicals, were found in more than one study. Conclusions: No study documented complete asepsis following initial disinfection, and no study could document predictable maintenance of an established bacteria-free surface. Critical appraisal and standardization of the disinfection and aseptic procedures in endodontics are needed. © 2016 Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.
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| 3. |
- Ohlin, Acke, et al.
(författare)
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Titanium granules pre-treated with hydrogen peroxide inhibit growth of bacteria associated with post-operative infections in spine surgery
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Spine Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 27:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 The Author(s) Purpose: Post-operative infections are relatively common after posterior spine surgery, and there are several observations reflecting different infection complications related to various metals implanted. Here, we selected an array of different bacterial species that are often found in infections associated with orthopaedic implants and tested for inhibition by hydrogen peroxide-treated titanium (Ti-peroxy). Methods: To study the possibility of using Ti-peroxy as an antimicrobial prophylaxis, we developed a protocol for standardized susceptibility testing of bacteria. Results: Importantly, we found that the resulting Ti-peroxy was highly antimicrobial against all aerobic species tested, among others, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proteus mirabilis was slightly more resistant than, for example, Klebsiella pneumoniae and enterococci. In contrast, anaerobic bacteria Cutibacterium acnes and Parvimonas micra were equally susceptible compared to staphylococci. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the Ti-peroxy is a promising perioperative antimicrobial strategy that may be highly effective for prevention of post-operative infections. We therefore suggest application of hydrogen peroxide to implants prior to implantation. Graphical abstract: These slides can be retrieved under Electronic supplementary material.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 4. |
- Pihl, Maria, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Osseointegration and antibacterial effect of an antimicrobial peptide releasing mesoporous titania implant
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part B Applied Biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4981 .- 1552-4973. ; 109:11, s. 1787-1795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medical devices such as orthopedic and dental implants may get infected by bacteria, which results in treatment using antibiotics. Since antibiotic resistance is increasing in society there is a need of finding alternative strategies for infection control. One potential strategy is the use of antimicrobial peptides, AMPs. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm effect of the AMP, RRP9W4N, using a local drug-delivery system based on mesoporous titania covered titanium implants. Biofilm formation was studied in vitro using a safranine biofilm assay and LIVE/DEAD staining. Moreover, we investigated what effect the AMP had on osseointegration of commercially available titanium implants in vivo, using a rabbit tibia model. The results showed a sustained release of AMP with equal or even better antibiofilm properties than the traditionally used antibiotic Cloxacillin. In addition, no negative effects on osseointegration in vivo was observed. These combined results demonstrate the potential of using mesoporous titania as an AMP delivery system and the potential use of the AMP RRP9W4N for infection control of osseointegrating implants.
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| 5. |
- Wallengren, Marie Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Low salivary IgA activity to cell-surface antigens of mutans streptococci related to HLA-DRB1*04
- 2005
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Ingår i: Oral Microbiology and Immunology. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0902-0055 .- 1399-302X. ; 20:2, s. 73-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aims: Mutans streptococci are found in almost all individuals, though there are large differences in colonization levels between individuals. These differences are not readily explained, though several factors are believed to influence the colonization. One factor is the immune response to mutans streptococci, mainly provided by salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA). In a previous study, differences in salivary IgA reactions to oral streptococci were observed between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4-positive and DR4-negative individuals. A lower salivary IgA activity to Streptococcus mutans in particular was most pronounced for two DR4 subgroups, DRB1*0401 and *0404. The main purpose of this study was to further investigate, in a larger study group, the salivary IgA activity to antigens of three oral streptococci in relation to different HLA-DRB1*04 alleles. Methods: Stimulated saliva was collected from 58 HLA-DRB1*04-positive individuals. Whole cell antigen extracts from S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus parasanguis and the streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II were separated in SDS-PAGE, transblotted and detected with diluted saliva (Western blot), and analyzed in a computer program. All distinct immunoblot bands over 100 kDa were recorded and compared in relation to DRB1*04. Results: The immunoblots revealed lower salivary IgA reactions to S. mutans, S. sobrinus and SA I/II, but not to S. parasanguis, for the DRB1*0401- and *0404-positive individuals compared to other DRB1*04 types. For the *0401 subgroup there was a significant association with a lower IgA response to S. mutans. Conclusion: The results confirm earlier observations and may also support previous demonstrated association between colonization by mutans streptococci and the serologically defined HLA-DR4.
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| 6. |
- Sonesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of bacterial biofilm and the Staphylococcus aureus derived protease, staphopain, on the skin surface of patients with atopic dermatitis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by an impaired epidermal barrier, dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and a high susceptibility to bacterial colonization and infection. In the present study, bacterial biofilm was visualized by electron microscopy at the surface of AD skin. Correspondingly, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates from lesional skin of patients with AD, produced a substantial amount of biofilm in vitro. S. aureus biofilms showed less susceptibility to killing by the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 when compared with results obtained using planktonic cells. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that LL-37 binds to the S. aureus biofilms. Immuno-gold staining of S. aureus biofilm of AD skin detected the S. aureus derived protease staphopain adjacent to the bacteria. In vitro, staphopain B degraded LL-37 into shorter peptide fragments. Further, LL-37 significantly inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation, but no such effects were observed for the degradation products. The data presented here provide novel information on staphopains present in S. aureus biofilms in vivo, and illustrate the complex interplay between biofilm and LL-37 in skin of AD patients, possibly leading to a disturbed host defense, which facilitates bacterial persistence.
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| 7. |
- Stenzelius, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Catheter-associated urinary tract infections and other infections in patients hospitalized for acute stroke : A prospective cohort study of two different silicone catheters
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 50:6, s. 483-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a silicone catheter coated with an ultrathin layer of a combination of the noble metals gold, palladium and silver (BIPTM-silicone catheter) could reduce the incidence of CAUTI and antibiotic prescription compared with a standard silicone catheter in a cohort of acute neurological patients suffering primarily from stroke. At the same time, all infectious events requiring prescription of an antimicrobial agent were registered and are reported. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a crossover cohort study enrolling men and women aged over 18 years, requiring emergency management for stroke including the insertion of an indwelling catheter. Data on patient characteristics, urinary tract infections (UTIs), other infectious events and all antibiotic prescriptions were recorded prospectively. Results: The patients' characteristics differed in the two centres in terms of age but not in diagnosis distribution. UTIs were recorded in 78 (24.2%) of the patients, ahead of pulmonary tract infections (n = 65; 20.2%). There was no difference in terms of CAUTI in the two catheter groups, even in subgroups with catheter treatment for 1 week or less. The patients with a diagnosed UTI required 3.5 more days of hospitalization than those without a UTI. Conclusion: CAUTIs were the most frequent healthcare-associated infections, slightly ahead of pulmonary tract infections. No advantages of the coated catheter could be found in this cohort of critically ill patients.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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5-y follow-up study of patients with neuroborreliosis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 34:6, s. 421-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this follow-up study was to determine the long-term outcome of strictly classified cases of neuroborreliosis treated with antibiotics. A one-year prospective population-based survey of Lyme borreliosis was conducted in southern Sweden, between 1992 and 1993. A total of 349 identified cases with suspected neuroborreliosis were followed up 5 years later. Medical records were reviewed and all participants filled in a questionnaire. Of those classified with definite neuroborreliosis 114/130 completed the follow-up, of whom 111 had completed the initial antibiotic treatment. Of the 114 patients followed up, 86 (75%) had recovered completely and 70 (61%) had recovered within 6 months. Residual neurological symptoms such as facial palsy, concentration disorder, paresthesia and/or neuropathy were reported by 28/114. No significant differences between different antibiotic treatments were observed in terms of occurrence of sequelae. To conclude, we found that 25% (95% confidence interval 17-33%) of the patients suffered from residual neurological symptoms 5 years post-treatment. However, the clinical outcome of treated neuroborreliosis is favourable as only 14/114 (12%) of the patients had sequelae that influenced their daily activity post-treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment would seem to be of great importance in order to avoid such sequelae.
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| 9. |
- Gurzawska-Comis, Katarzyna, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 : Review of European recommendations and experts' opinion on dental care. Summary and consensus statements of group 5. The 6th EAO Consensus Conference 2021.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 32:S21, s. 382-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The present work reports the EAO Workshop group 5 and consensus plenary discussions and statements based on two reviews summarising European guidelines and experts' opinion on infection control and prevention (ICP) in dentistry during the pandemic.MATERIAL: Two manuscripts were presented at the 6th EAO Consensus Conference. The first study compared the most recent national guidelines/recommendations of European countries. The second paper was an experts' opinion-based survey on application of ICP regulation during the second wave. The outcome of COVID-19 group discussion was presented to all participants of the consensus to come to an agreement about the consensus statements and clinical recommendation.RESULTS: The dynamic of the pandemic had an impact on rapidly published and frequently updated national guidelines in Europe. As guidelines were not based on solid evidence, they were supplemented by experts' opinion on ICP in dentistry. The dental care should be guaranteed during the pandemic, however in case of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 disease, the treatment should be postponed if possible. Remote triage and patient-related measures (i.e., social distancing, hand hygiene and mask wearing) were recommended to be the most efficient to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The type of personal protective equipment for dental staff should be adequate to the procedure and infection risk.CONCLUSIONS: Adequate infection control protocols have to be followed by healthcare professionals and patients to minimise the spreading of COVID-19. We foresee the importance of continuously updating the national dental guidelines, considering the evolution of the pandemic and new scientific evidence becoming available.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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LPS interactions with immobilized and soluble antimicrobial peptides
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 70:3, s. 194-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A promising approach in sepsis therapy is the use of peptides truncated from serum- and membrane-proteins with binding domains for LPS: antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs can be useful in combination with conventional antibiotics to increase killing and neutralize LPS. Although many AMPs show a high specifi city towards bacterial membranes, they can also exhibit toxicity, i.e. non-specifi c membrane lysis, of mammalian cells such as erythrocytes and therefore, unsuitable as systemic drugs. A way to overcome this problem may be an extracorporeal therapy with immobilized peptides. This study will compare neutralization of LPS using different AMPs in solution and when immobilized on to solid phases. The peptides ability to neutralize LPS-induced cytokine release in whole blood will also be tested. The peptides are truncated derivates from the known AMPs LL-37, SC4, BPI, S3Δ and CEME. Two different methods were used to immobilize peptides, biomolecular interaction analysis, and Pierce SulfoLink Coupling Gel. To investigate LPS binding in solution the LAL test was used. After whole blood incubation with LPS and AMPs ELISA was used to measure TNF α , IL-1 β and IL-6 production. The results suggest that immobilization of antimicrobial peptides does not inhibit their capacity to neutralize LPS, although there are differences between the peptides tested. Thus, peptides derived from LL-37 and CEME were more effi cient both in LPS binding and neutralizing LPS-induced cytokine production
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