| 1. |
- Rasmussen, Gunlög, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Long term molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus bacteremia isolates in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, USA : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens that causes bacteremia; therefore, it is important to understand the long-term molecular epidemiology of S. aureus bacteremia infections. In particular, little is known about the population structure of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) compared to that of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. We investigated potential changes in the MSSA molecular epidemiology in Örebro County, Sweden, from 1980 through 2010. 400 MSSA bacteremia isolates, the first 100 isolated each decade from 1980 through 2010, were retrospectively identified and analyzed regarding assignment to clonal complexes (CCs), presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistant determinants with DNA microarray-based genotyping. 24 different CCs were identified. Most isolates (80%) belonged to 6 predominant lineages. Of those, the number of isolates assigned to CC5 and CC15 increased, and those assigned to CC8, CC25, and CC30 decreased. The most prevalent clone, CC45, did not show a significant change in prevalence during the study period. A change in prevalence was observed for some of the virulence genes, mainly attributed with their association to certain CCs. With the exception of the common blaZ gene (encoding penicillinase), antibiotic resistance genes were only sporadically detected. In conclusion, the MSSA population structure was genetically diverse. We observed decadal changes in assignments to five predominant clones, and corresponding changes in the prevalence of some virulence genes linked to CC affiliation. In light of the restrictive antibiotics prescriptions and extensive infection control procedures in Sweden, antibiotic resistance genes were rarely detected and their prevalence unaffected during the study period.
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| 2. |
- Rosfors, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Venous occlusion plethysmography in patients with post-thrombotic venous claudication
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0741-5214 .- 1097-6809. ; 58:3, s. 722-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Post-thrombotic venous claudication is a serious condition that may be treated with iliac vein stenting or open surgery, and there is a need for hemodynamic tests in the preoperative evaluation. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of venous occlusion plethysmography in patients with venous claudication and to analyze the outflow curve to find variables that best describe the functional abnormality in this patient group.METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with previous deep venous thrombosis and with clinical evidence of venous claudication were retrospectively identified. The results of venous occlusion plethysmography in these patients were compared with results obtained in a group of 63 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex. Computerized strain-gauge plethysmography was used in a capacitance mode where the occlusion time is determined by an electronic detector allowing the maximal venous volume to be achieved in all limbs. Outflow volumes (OV1, OV4) and outflow fractions (OF1, OF4) were calculated at 1 and 4 seconds after cuff release. Outflow fraction is OV divided by maximal venous volume.RESULTS: Both outflow volumes and outflow fractions were significantly reduced in patients compared with healthy control subjects. Outflow fractions were more sensitive than outflow volumes in identifying patients with venous claudication. The most discriminating variable was OF4 that was reduced below the normal lower limit in 69% of the patients, most severely reduced in patients with severe claudication.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with venous claudication attributable to remaining post-thrombotic iliofemoral obstructive disease are characterized by a functional disturbance shown with venous occlusion plethysmography as a reduced venous outflow during the initial 4 seconds following cuff release in relation to their true maximal venous volume. Our results suggest that venous occlusion plethysmography can be a valuable tool in the preoperative workup for selection of patients with iliofemoral vein obstruction that may benefit from venous intervention.
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| 3. |
- Hjelmevoll, Stig Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Appropriate Time for Test-of-Cure when Diagnosing Gonorrhoea with a Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - Uppsala : Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 92:3, s. 316-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Culture is commonly regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have rapidly replaced culture for diagnostics in many settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the appropriate time for test-of-cure (TOC) when NAATs are used for diagnosis of gonorrhoea. In total, 30 patients (28 men and 2 women) provided urethral, cervical, rectal or pharyngeal specimens for TOC. All included patients, except one who did not return for second TOC before day 19, tested negative within 2 weeks after treatment with cefixime 400 mg x 1. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 68% of the culture-positive strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Thus, the recommended empirical treatment with ciprofloxacin in Norway should be changed immediately. TOC can be performed 2 weeks after treatment when NAATs are used for diagnosis of gonorrhoea.
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| 4. |
- Athlin, Simon, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae test applied on nasopharyngeal aspirates to support pneumococcal aetiology in community-acquired pneumonia.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 45:6, s. 425-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The use of nasopharyngeal secretions to enhance diagnostic yields of pneumococcal aetiology in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is of interest. We evaluated the Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae immunochromatographic test (ICT) on nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) in order to support pneumococcal aetiology in CAP.METHODS: The NPA ICT was applied on 180 adult CAP patients and 64 healthy controls. The rate of pneumococcal detection in the nasopharynx was compared to rates for lytA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture on NPA.RESULTS: According to blood and sputum culture and urine ICT, the test sensitivity in 59 patients with a pneumococcal aetiology was 81%. The specificity was suboptimal, with 72% negative tests among CAP patients without a pneumococcal aetiology. However, the test was positive in only 11% of patients with atypical pneumonia and in 4.7% of healthy controls. The positivity rate was higher for NPA ICT compared to culture on NPA in all CAP patients, and to both PCR and culture on NPA in non-pneumococcal non-atypical CAP patients. In 113 (63%) patients with β-lactam monotherapy, cure without treatment alteration was noted more often in cases with positive compared to negative NPA ICT at admission (91% vs 69%; p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The high sensitivity and the low positivity rates in patients with atypical pneumonia and healthy controls, in combination with the correlation between positive test results and clinical cure with β-lactam therapy, may support a pneumococcal aetiology in CAP in populations with low pneumococcal carriage rates.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue zinc levels in a child with hypercalprotectinaemia and hyperzincaemia : a case report and a review of the literature
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - London, United Kingdom : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 72:1, s. 34-38
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A girl suffering from a rare syndrome of unknown aetiology, termed hypercalprotectinaemia, was evaluated for tissue zinc status, because calprotectin is a protein which chelates Zn at multiple binding-sites, which might have affected the distribution of Zn in her body.Methods: Measurement of serum, urine, hair and nail zinc (Zn) concentration, complemented with measurement of total Zn in ultrafiltrates of plasma.Results: Her serum Zn concentration was 105-133 mu mol/L. Zn levels in her hair (102 mu g/g), nail (90 mu g/g) and urine (3-12 mu mol/L; 20-80 mu g/dL) were all at the lower end of the reference intervals described in the sparse literature. Zn concentrations in ultrafiltrates of plasma were below the detection limit (<100 nmol/L). Thus, the elevated serum Zn did not translate into a similarly increased level of Zn in any of the tissues tested, nor in free Zn concentrations. Instead it appeared to be a result of Zn being chelated to binder proteins, most probably calprotectin.Conclusion: Her grossly elevated serum calprotectin concentration is probably able to raise circulating total Zn concentrations without raising ionized concentrations, but this Zn remains confined to the circulating blood as well as to excreted body fluids, particularly faeces.
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| 6. |
- Monecke, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus cultures by use of a lateral flow assay based on monoclonal antibodies
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - Washington, USA : American society of microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 51:2, s. 487-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus, which is associated with skin and soft-tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia. To develop a rapid phenotypic assay, recombinant PVL F component was used to generate monoclonal antibodies by phage display. These antibodies were spotted on protein microarrays and screened using different lukF-PV preparations and detection antibodies. This led to the identification of the optimal antibody combination that was then used to establish a lateral flow assay. This test was used to detect PVL in S. aureus cultures. The detection limit of the assay with purified native and recombinant antigens was determined to be around 1 ng/ml. Overnight cultures from various solid and liquid media proved suitable for PVL detection. Six hundred strains and clinical isolates from patients from America, Europe, Australia, Africa, and the Middle East were tested. Isolates were genotyped in parallel by DNA microarray hybridization for confirmation of PVL status and assignment to clonal complexes. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the assay in this trial were 99.7, 98.3, 98.4, and 99.7%, respectively. A total of 302 clinical isolates and reference strains were PVL positive and were assigned to 21 different clonal complexes. In summary, the lateral flow test allows rapid and economical detection of PVL in a routine bacteriology laboratory. As the test utilizes cultures from standard media and does not require sophisticated equipment, it can be easily integrated into a laboratory's workflow and might contribute to timely therapy of PVL-associated infections.
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| 7. |
- Botling, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarker Discovery in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer : Integrating Gene Expression Profiling, Meta-analysis, and Tissue Microarray Validation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 19:1, s. 194-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Global gene expression profiling has been widely used in lung cancer research to identify clinically relevant molecular subtypes as well as to predict prognosis and therapy response. So far, the value of these multigene signatures in clinical practice is unclear, and the biologic importance of individual genes is difficult to assess, as the published signatures virtually do not overlap.Experimental Design: Here, we describe a novel single institute cohort, including 196 non-small lung cancers (NSCLC) with clinical information and long-term follow-up. Gene expression array data were used as a training set to screen for single genes with prognostic impact. The top 450 probe sets identified using a univariate Cox regression model (significance level P < 0.01) were tested in a meta-analysis including five publicly available independent lung cancer cohorts (n = 860).Results: The meta-analysis revealed 14 genes that were significantly associated with survival (P < 0.001) with a false discovery rate < 1%. The prognostic impact of one of these genes, the cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), was confirmed by use of immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 2 independent NSCLC cohorts, altogether including 617 NSCLC samples. Low CADM1 protein expression was significantly associated with shorter survival, with particular influence in the adenocarcinoma patient subgroup.Conclusions: Using a novel NSCLC cohort together with a meta-analysis validation approach, we have identified a set of single genes with independent prognostic impact. One of these genes, CADM1, was further established as an immunohistochemical marker with a potential application in clinical diagnostics. Clin Cancer Res; 19(1); 194-204. (c) 2012 AACR.
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| 8. |
- Graflund, M., et al.
(författare)
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HPV-DNA, vascular space invasion, and their impact on the clinical outcome in early-stage cervical carcinomas
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 14:5, s. 896-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was designed to analyze the relationship of human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA, microvessel density, and their impact on clinical outcome in early cervical carcinoma. HPV-DNA was evaluated in 171 cases of cervical carcinoma treated from 1965 to 1990. In 110 cases, the analyses could be performed. A polymerase chain reaction technique was used on paraffin-embedded specimens obtained before the start of therapy. HPV-DNA of any type was detected in 78% (86/110) of all evaluable tumors. HPV16 was the predominant type and was detected in 56% (62/110), HPV18 in 8% (9/110), and HPV35 in 21% (23/110). Patients with tumors containing HPV16 or HPV18 were significantly (P = 0.011) younger than patients with tumors not containing either of these two subtypes. Vascular space invasion and lymph node metastases were observed more frequently in tumors expressing HPV16 and HPV18 (P = 0.002, P = 0.047) than in tumors negative for these HPV strains. Tumors containing HPV16 and HPV18 were significantly (P = 0.012) larger and more frequently (P = 0.005) associated with higher FIGO stages. The cancer-specific survival rate was lower for patients with HPV16- and HPV18-positive tumors, but the difference was not statistically significant. The microvessel density was a non-significant prognostic factor. The overall 5-year survival rate of the complete series was 91%. It was concluded that HPV-DNA was a prognostic factor in early-stage cervical cancer and was associated with the age of the patient, vascular space invasion, lymph node metastases, tumor size, and FIGO stage.
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| 9. |
- Asfaw Idosa, Berhane, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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C10X polymorphism in the CARD8 gene is associated with bacteraemia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Immunity, inflammation and disease. - West Sussex, UK : John Wiley & Sons. - 2050-4527. ; 2:1, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multi-protein complex that triggers caspase-1 mediated maturation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β); one of the most potent mediators of inflammation and a major cytokine produced during severe infections, like sepsis. However, the excessive cytokine levels seem to stage for tissue injury and organ failure, and high levels of IL-1β correlates with severity and mortality of sepsis. Instead, recent data suggest caspase-1 to function as a guardian against severe infections. CARD8 has been implied to regulate the synthesis of IL-1β via interaction to caspase-1. In recent years, polymorphism of CARD8 (C10X) per se or in combination with NLRP3 (Q705K) has been implicated with increased risk of inflammation. The aim was to investigate the correlation of these polymorphisms with severe blood stream infection. Human DNA was extracted from blood culture bottles that were found to be positive for microbial growth (i.e. patients with bacteraemia). Polymorphisms Q705K in the NLRP3 gene and C10X in the CARD8 gene were genotyped using TaqMan genotyping assay. The results were compared to healthy controls and to samples from patients with negative cultures. The polymorphism C10X was significantly over-represented among patients with bacteraemia as compared to healthy controls, whereas patients with negative blood culture were not associated with a higher prevalence. No association was observed with polymorphism Q705K of NLRP3 in either group of patients. Patients carrying polymorphism C10X in the CARD8 gene are at increased risk of developing bacteraemia and severe inflammation.
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| 10. |
- Breimer, Lars H., et al.
(författare)
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Morgondagens laboratorium - redan i går
- 2012
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 109:37, s. 1624-1624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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