| 1. |
- Hedenqvist, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of housing environment on bone healing in a critical radius defect in New Zealand White rabbits
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In animal studies on bone healing, the effect of housing space and physical activity are seldom taken into account. Bone formation was evaluated in New Zealand White rabbits (mean ± SEM BW: 3.9 ± 0.11 kg) with a critical bone defect after 12 weeks of rehabilitation in pair-housing in 3 m2 large floor pens (Floor, n = 10) or standard single housing in 0.43 m2 cages (Cage, n = 10). In the randomised full-factorial study, a bone replica of calcium phosphate cement (CPC, n = 10) or autologous bone (AB, n = 10) was implanted in the unilateral 20 mm radius defect. Post-mortem, the oxidative capacity was measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity in M. quadriceps and the defect filling volume and density evaluated by microcomputer tomography (μ-CT). Histology sections were evaluated by subjective scoring and histomorphometry. Fourteen rabbits remained until the end of the study. Group Floor (n = 7; 3 CPC + 4 AB) had a higher CS activity and a larger bone defect filling volume and lower density by μ-CT measurements than group Cage (n = 7; 3 CPC + 4 AB). Three out of four rabbits in AB-Floor presented fusion of the defect with reorganisation of trabecular bone, whereas three of four in AB-Cage showed areas of incomplete healing. Floor rabbits had a higher score of bony fusion between the radius and ulna than Cage rabbits. There were no differences between groups in histomorphometry. The study found that a larger housing space increased physical activity and promoted bone formation. © 2020 Hedenqvist et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
|
|
| 2. |
- Mellgren, Torbjörn, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Guided bone tissue regeneration using a hollow calcium phosphate based implant in a critical size rabbit radius defect
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Biomedical Materials. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-6041 .- 1748-605X. ; 16:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long bone fractures are common and sometimes difficult to treat. Autologous bone (AB), bovine bone and calcium phosphates are used to stimulate bone growth with varying results. In the present study, a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that previously showed promising grafting capabilities was evaluated for the first time in a long bone defect. A radius defect of 20 mm was created in 20 rabbits. The defect was filled by either a hollow CPC implant that had been manufactured as a replica of a rabbit radius through indirect 3D printing, or by particulate AB as control. Defect filling and bone formation was evaluated after 12 weeks by combining micro computed tomography (mu CT) and scoring of 3D images, together with histomorphometry and histology. The mu CT and histomorphometric evaluations showed a similar amount of filling of the defect (combining graft and bone) between the CPC and AB group, but the scoring of 3D images showed that the filling in the CPC group was significantly larger. Histologically the AB graft could not be distinguished from the new bone. The AB treated defects were found to be composed of more bone than the CPC group, including reorganised cancellous and cortical bone. Both the CPC and AB material was associated with new bone formation, also in the middle of the defect, which could result in closing of the otherwise critically sized gap. This study shows the potential for an indirectly 3D printed implant in guided bone regeneration in critically sized long bone defects.
|
|
| 3. |
- Enlund, Karolina Brunius, et al.
(författare)
-
Dental home care in dogs-a questionnaire study among Swedish dog owners, veterinarians and veterinary nurses
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Periodontal disease remains one of the dog's most common health issues, even though it is largely preventable by tooth brushing. Implementation of daily tooth brushing would not only improve animal welfare, but also reduce veterinary costs for the owner. There is a paucity of studies investigating attitudes, opinions and practices of dog owners, veterinarians, and veterinary nurses regarding preventative dental home care in dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate these parameters in Sweden, thereby providing a basis for improved prophylactic strategies. Methods Validated questionnaire surveys were distributed to all Swedish dog owners (n = 209,263), veterinarians (n = 3657) and veterinary nurses (n = 1650) with e-mail addresses in the national registry. The response rates were 32% for dog owners and veterinarians, and 38% for veterinary nurses. The survey questions concerned attitudes, opinions and practices regarding dental home care, including whether dog owners received information concerning dental home care or not, and if this information resulted in implementation. Results Attitudes, opinions and practices regarding dental home care are presented for Swedish dog owners, veterinarians, and veterinary nurses. A fundamental finding was that the absolute majority of Swedish dog owners do not perform adequate prophylactic dental home care. Considerable discrepancies were identified in the opinions of veterinary health practitioners and dog owners regarding attitudes towards dental home care and conveying of information. Several areas for improvement in the communication between dog owners and veterinary health practitioners concerning dental home care were identified. Conclusion Our results illustrates the need for validated methods to increase dog owner compliance with dental home care recommendations. We also see a need of further education, regarding canine dental home care, among veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and dog owners. The results from this unique study constitute an important foundation for future development of prophylactic strategies, with the ultimate goal to improve dental health, and thereby animal welfare, in dogs.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sarve, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
-
Extracting 3D information on bone remodeling in the proximity of titanium implants in SRμCT image volumes.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7565 .- 0169-2607. ; 102:1, s. 25-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone-implant integration is measured in several ways. Traditionally and routinely, 2D histological sections of samples, containing bone and the biomaterial, are stained and analyzed using a light microscope. Such histological section provides detailed cellular information about the bone regeneration in the proximity of the implant. However, this information reflects the integration in only a very small fraction, a 10 μm thick slice, of the sample. In this study, we show that feature values quantified on 2D sections are highly dependent on the orientation and the placement of the section, suggesting that a 3D analysis of the whole sample is of importance for a more complete judgment of the bone structure in the proximity of the implant. We propose features describing the 3D data by extending the features traditionally used for 2D-analysis. We present a method for extracting these features from 3D image data and we measure them on five 3D SRμCT image volumes. We also simulate cuts through the image volume positioned at all possible section positions. These simulations show that the measurement variations due to the orientation of the section around the center line of the implant are about 30%.
|
|
| 5. |
- Svanberg, Anncarin, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of cryotherapy on oral mucosa : a study in healthy volunteers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 29:5, s. 3587-3591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral cryotherapy causes local vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow and reduces the cytotoxic damage to the oral mucosa, has been shown to reduce oral mucositis after intense cytostatic treatment. The main object of this study was to investigate the effect of oral cryotherapy on the temperature in the oral mucosa, the level of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in saliva and the effect on blood pressure in healthy volunteers, before and after 1 h of cooling the oral cavity with crushed ice. Twelve healthy volunteers [mean age 32.4 (SD 13.2) (20-56) years] were treated with oral cryotherapy in the form of crushed ice. Temperature measurements were performed in the oral mucosa using infrared thermograph following a flowchart protocol. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with a sphygmomanometer. Saliva was analysed for inflammatory cytokine IL-6, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All participants fulfilled the cooling session. The temperature in the oral cavity decreased significantly (mean 12.9 degrees C, p < .002). The systolic BP was marginally but significantly higher after cooling (similar to 5 mmHg, p = .019). We could not detect any differences in cytokine IL-6 levels before and after oral cooling. We conclude that cryotherapy during 1 h lowers the mucosal temperature as much as similar to 12.9 degrees C, which explains the significant protective effect against mucosal damage by cytostatic drugs. The cooling caused no increase in IL-6 levels. Systemic blood pressure was marginally increased.
|
|
| 6. |
- Enlund, Karolina Brunius, et al.
(författare)
-
Dog Owners' Perspectives on Canine Dental Health : A Questionnaire Study in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-1769. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases affecting dogs, with a reported prevalence of at least 80% in dogs over 3 years of age. However, there is a lack of studies regarding dog owners' assessment of their dog's dental health, and whether they perceive clinical signs often associated with periodontal disease, i.e., dental calculus, halitosis or mobile or lost teeth. A validated questionnaire survey was distributed to all Swedish dog owners with email addresses in the national registry (n = 209,263). The response rate was 32%. The survey questions concerned opinions and practices regarding canine dental health, including assessment of dental health parameters and dog owners' ability to examine their dog's mouth. A construct (α = 0.76) was used to investigate dog owners' assessed symptoms of their dog's dental health in relation to background factors. Half of the respondents rated their dog's dental health as very good. However, one in four dog owners experienced difficulties when inspecting the dog's teeth. The most common reason for this difficulty was stated to be an uncooperative dog. Almost half of the dog owners reported halitosis to some degree in their dog, and almost four in ten owners reported dental calculus. One in eight dogs had been previously anesthetized for dental cleaning, and one in 12 dogs had experienced problems with gum disease, according to the owners. Owners' assessment varied significantly with the dog's age, weight, breed, breed group, sex, and concurrent disease. Owner-related factors that influenced the assessment of the dog's dental health were age, gender, education, county (urban/rural), and whether they were breeders or not. Dog owners with smaller dogs, older dogs and certain breeds predisposed to periodontal disease assessed their dog's dental health as worse than their counterparts, which is in agreement with previously reported higher prevalence of dental disease in these groups. This indicates that dog owners are able to perform relative assessment of their dog's dental health status. Our results also highlight the need for routine professional assessment of periodontal health, as well as education of dog owners and training of dogs to accept dental care procedures.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindblad, Joakim, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved Quantification of Bone Remodelling by Utilizing Fuzzy Based Segmentation
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Image Analysis. - Berlin : Springer Verlag. - 9783642022296 ; 5575, s. 750-759
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel fuzzy theory based method for the segmentation of images required in histomorphometrical investigations of bone implant integration. The suggested method combines discriminant analysis classification controlled by an introduced uncertainty measure, and fuzzy connectedness segmentation method, so that the former is used for automatic seeding of the later. A thorough evaluation of the proposed segmentation method is performed. Comparison with previously published automatically obtained measurements, as well as with manually obtained ones, is presented. The proposed method improves the segmentation and, consequently, the accuracy of the automatic measurements, while keeping advantages with respect to the manual ones, by being fast, repeatable, and objective.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lundström, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Equine saliva components during mastication, and in vivo pH changes in the oral biofilm of sound and carious tooth surfaces after sucrose exposure
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 62:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The role of saliva composition and dietary sugar in development of infundibular caries in equine cheek teeth is not fully understood. This study analysed electrolyte and urea concentrations in saliva in relation to different forage and measured pH changes after sucrose application in vivo in sound and carious cheek teeth. Results: Forage type had no effect on the equine saliva electrolyte concentrations, which varied considerably both intra- and inter-individually. Chewing resulted in increased values for all electrolytes except bicarbonate. Compared with stimulated human saliva, horse saliva after mastication, contained higher amounts of potassium, calcium and bicarbonate, and less phosphate. The in vivo pH measurements showed a lower resting pH and a more pronounced pH drop after sucrose application in carious teeth compared to sound teeth. Conclusions: No large differences were found between the composition of equine saliva and human saliva. A more pronounced acidogenicity was found for the carious than sound teeth. Thus, the caries process in equine cheek teeth seems to follow the same pattern as in human teeth, caused by acid production by oral microorganisms after sugar consumption. © 2020 The Author(s).
|
|
| 9. |
- Sarve, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
-
Introducing a novel analysis technique for osseointegrated dental implants retrieved 29 years postsurgery
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 15:4, s. 538-549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate osseointegration of oral implants, which were retrieved from a patient after 29 years in situ, we use novel three-dimensional analysis methods and visualization techniques that supplement conventional two-dimensional analysis. Materials and Methods: The sample processing involved nondecalcification and embedment in resin. Conventional two-dimensional histomorphometrical methods were conducted. Additionally, the quantification was extended to three-dimensional by using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SRmCT) technique and two relevant visualization methods for the three-dimensional data were introduced. Results: The three-dimensional results involved three-dimensional quantification and visualization of two implant samples with methods beyond state-of-the-art. Traditional two-dimensional histomorphometrical results revealed a mean bone-implant contact (BIC) of about 50%. In most samples, bone area (BA) was lower inside the treads compared with out-folded mirror images, which were confirmed by the three-dimensional quantification. The BIC along four selected regions showed highest percentages in the bottom/valley region and lowest in the thread-peak region. Qualitative observations revealed ongoing bone remodeling areas in all samples. The apical hole demonstrated high osseointegration. Conclusion: The novel techniques including an animation and an out-folding of BIC and BA enabled a simultaneous visualization of the three-dimensional material obtained from SRmCT data. However, the two-dimensional histological sections were needed for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of osseointegration and, thus, both methods are considered equally important.
|
|
| 10. |
- Sarve, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
-
Methods for visualization of bone tissue in the proximity of implants
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Computer vision and graphics. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783642159060 ; 6375, s. 243-250
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present two methods for visualization of SRμCT-scanned 3D volumes of screw-shaped bone implant samples: thread fly-through and 2D unfolding. The thread fly-through generates an animation by following the thread helix and extracting slices along it. Relevant features, such as bone ratio and bone implant contact, are computed for each slice of the animation and displayed as graphs beside the animation. The 2D unfolding, on the other hand, maps the implant surface onto which feature information is projected to a 2D image, providing an instant overview of the whole implant. The unfolding is made area-preserving when appropriate. These visualization methods facilitate better understanding of the bone-implant integration and provides a good platform for communication between involved experts.
|
|
