| 1. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Self-transcendence
- 2017
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-transcendence (concept of our participation in the world as a whole) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people identify themselves as an integral part of the universe as a whole and their experience of something elevated that goes beyond ourselves, that is, self-forgetfulness, transpersonal identification, spiritual acceptance, contemplation, idealism (Cloninger, 2004).
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| 2. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperativeness
- 2017
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cooperativeness (concept of relations with others) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people get along with others, that is, tolerance, helpfulness, empathy, compassion, and social principles (Cloninger, 2004).
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| 3. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders at Childhood and Character (Self-directedness and Cooperativeness) in Adolescence as Predictors of Negative Outcomes in 18 Years Old Twins
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th World Congress on Positive Psychology. Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Cloninger’s psychobiological model defines personality as a self-organizing multidimensional complex adaptive system composed of temperament (i.e., individual differences in automatic responses to emotional stimuli) and character (i.e., individual differences in intentional goals and values). More recently, for instance, low levels of character have been linked to ADHD, ASDs, criminality, and substance abuse. Nevertheless, deficits in character may as well only be part of the disorders. Method: We used longitudinal data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden: diagnosis at 9/12 years of age, character measured at 15 and 18 years of age, self- reported criminality and substance abuse at 18 years of age. Results: Hierarchical regressions showed that the diagnosis at 9/12 years of age slightly predicted negative outcomes at 18 (R2 = .02, p < .001). Character at 15 added 10% in prediction value (R2 change = .10, p < .001) to the model, while character at 18 added 6% in prediction value (R2 change = .06, p < .001). Conclusion: The results suggest that character development is a independent predictor of negative outcomes in life. Thus, interventions targeting character development might be successful even among individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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| 4. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Profiles in a Sample of Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2019
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - : University of Buckingham Press. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 9:4, s. 17-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Long-term unemployment is associated with psychiatric problems, higher risk of suicide, low levels of well-being, and high levels of burnout. In this context, among other factors such as sociodemographic status and IQ, specific personality traits are important for individuals’ chances to finding a job, getting hired, and retaining that job, as well as for coping with the mental health risks related to long-term unemployment. Thus, in order to use person-centered methods to promote public health and sustainable employment during the current and future challenges of the 21st century, an important research area is the mapping and understanding of personality profiles of individuals who are unemployed. Objectives: We mapped the personality traits and profiles in a sample of Swedish long-term unemployed (i.e., ≥ 6 months without work) in relation to a control group from the Swedish general population. Method: 245 long-term unemployed individuals (136 men and 157 women, range 18 to 60 years; M = 25.7; SD = 9.6) were recruited at the beginning of different well-being and employment projects in Blekinge, Sweden. The participants reported gender, age, and other basic demographics, as well as their personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We calculated the T-scores and percentiles for the personality traits using the Swedish normative data (N = 1,948) and clustered participants in different temperament (high/low novelty seeking: N/n, high/low harm avoidance: H/h, high/low reward dependence: R/r) and character profiles (high/low self-directedness: S/s, high/low cooperativeness: C/c, high/low self-transcendence: T/t). Results: Compared to the general population, the long-term unemployed were extremely higher in harm avoidance (> 1.5 standard deviation), moderately lower in persistence (> 0.5 standard deviation), extremely lower in self-directedness (> 2 standard deviations), and moderately lower in novelty seeking (> 0.5 standard deviation). That is, consistent with past research, our study shows that the personality of long-term unemployed is denoted by being pessimistic, fearful, easily fatigable, underachieving, blaming, helpless, and unfulfilled (i.e., high harm avoidance, low persistence, and low self-directedness), but also by being reserved and rigid (i.e., low novelty seeking). Furthermore, within the unemployed population, as much as 71.60% reported a methodical (nHr) or cautious profile (nHR), and as much as 64.00% reported an apathetic (sct) or a disorganized profile (scT). Moreover, the profile analyses allowed us to show that, within this unemployed population and in relation to each individual’s own profile, about 91.70% were high in harm avoidance, 98.60% were low in self-directedness, 64.00% were low in cooperativeness, and 44.40% low in self-transcendence. Conclusions: These results indicate a high predictive value by the TCI, especially regarding the specific basic health-related traits or abilities (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) needed to cope with the risks related to unemployment. Specifically, long-term unemployed populations have temperament profiles that present difficulties for them to adapt to the circumstances of unemployment, but also finding, getting, and retaining a job and character profiles that diminish their possibilities to self-regulate the emotions derived from their temperament through self-directed choices that improve their health and all aspects of their lives. Hence, evidence-based interventions targeting stress reduction and the development of health-related traits or abilities (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) are urgently needed.
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| 5. |
- Sailer, Uta, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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A happier and less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present and a more structured future: time perspective and well-being
- 2014
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Previous studies have established a link between how people relate to their past, present, and future (i.e., time perspective) and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect). Time perspective comprises five dimensions: Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, and Future. Life satisfaction can also be evaluated in relation to different time frames. Moreover, approach related positive affect is associated to a different concept of well-being labeled psychological well-being. In the present study we extend previous findings by investigating the effect of time perspective on the time frame of evalua- tions of life satisfaction (past, present, future) and by investigating the relationship between time perspective and psychological well-being. Method. Questionnaires on time perspective (Zimbardo’s Time Perspective In- ventory), temporal life satisfaction (Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale), affect (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule), and psychological well-being (Scales of Psychological Well-Being—short version) were answered by 453 individuals. Two different structural equation models were tested, one of the relationship between time perspective and temporal life satisfaction, and the other of the relationship between time perspective, affect and psychological well-being. Results. Time perspective affected life satisfaction depending on the time scale on which it was evaluated—memory of a negative past influenced life satisfaction in all time frames, and a positive view of the past influenced both past and future life satisfaction. Moreover, less rumination about past negative events (i.e., low score on Past Negative), the tendency to take risks in the present to achieve happy feelings and/or avoid boredom (i.e., high scores on Present Hedonistic), and a less hopeless and pessimistic view about the present (low scores on Present Fatalistic) were asso- ciated with higher levels of psychological well-being and positive affect. These same time perspective dimensions were associated with lower levels of negative affect. The Future time perspective dimension (i.e., approaching life with self-control, punctu- ality, and planning for the future) was associated with both psychological well-being and positive affect. Conclusions. High levels of both subjective and psychological well-being are related to a happier and a less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present, as well as to a more structured future.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Amato, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Job Satisfaction Leads to Better Health By Improving Psychiatric Patients’ Outlook on Their Illness
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science. Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We found that psychiatric patients with regular or supported employment, compared to psychiatric patients without it, reported higher levels of health. More important, job satisfaction was related to not feeling prevented in daily life by their mental illness, which in turn lead to better health.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
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A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study using Mind-Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - : University of Buckingham Press. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 9:3, s. 19-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Migration is one of the major challenges of the 21st century with many refugees being victims of torture and experiencing war and the collapse of their society. Sweden, for example, received about 169,520 refugees during 2015 and 20–30% of them were estimated to suffer from mental illness. Nevertheless, research shows that about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help. Hence, we need innovative methods to promote the physical, mental, and social health of refugees. Objective: We examined the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching (i.e., a biopsychosocial approach to coaching) and Well-Being Spa (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on the personality and health of a sample of refugees living in Sweden. Methodology: Participants were recruited as part of a health and employment project in Blekinge, Sweden. A total of 70 Syrian refugees were randomly assigned to a six-month intervention comprising either Well-Being Coaching, or Well-Being Spa, or both (i.e., Mind–Body). The participants reported personality (temperament and character), well-being (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and harmony in life), and ill-being (defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression) at the beginning and at the end of the six-month intervention period. Results: Participants assigned to the Well-Being Coaching intervention showed increases in self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.84), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.36), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.43), and life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.56), and decreases in both negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.38) and defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.89). Participants assigned to the Well-Being Spa intervention showed decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.55), reward dependence (Cohen’s d = 0.69), negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.82), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.53), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.34), and external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.42). Participants assigned to the Mind–Body intervention showed significant decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.47), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.61), depression (Cohen’s d = 0.34), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.56), external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.44), and internal entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.79) and increases in persistence (Cohen’s d = 0.27), self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.43), self-transcendence (Cohen’s d = 0.51), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.42), and harmony in life (Cohen’s d = 0.36). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that Well-Being Coaching strengthens refugees’ character, while the Well-Being Spa treatments reduced participants’ tendency to worry and anxiety. Finally, the combination of these two interventions seems to promote the development of health-related traits, reduce ill-health, and stress, and increase well-being in a wider biopsychosocial perspective.
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| 10. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
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Anthropedia’s Biopsychosocial Approach to Health and Well-Being Coaching
- 2019
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Ingår i: 12th Geneva Conference on Person Centered Medicine - Promoting Well-Being and Overcoming Burn-Out. Geneve, Switzerland.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The level of stress in modern times is increasing the rates of lifestyle and stress-related illness in all populations, including health care professionals who have the double burden on their personal problems and those of their patients to manage (C.R. Cloninger, 2004; Cloninger et al., 2010). Today there is great need for complementary approaches to assist mental health care professionals in addressing the health and well-being of an increasingly stressed population. This talk will explore Anthropedia’s biopsychosocial model of health and well-being coaching and its application in public health endeavors. Specifically, we will discuss studies we’ve conducted in the US and Sweden that demonstrate the impact of our coaching on character development, resilience, and well-being in training and program participants. Health care professionals participating in our trainings have been shown to show significant increases in character development as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory, as well as general increases in subjective well-being as measured by various scales. We’ll also describe research conducted in conjunction with the Blekinge Center of Competence at Region Blekinge in Sweden. These studies examined a number of programs funded by the European Social Fund, FINSAM, and Region Blekinge to serve long-term unemployed individuals, nurses, and youth with Anthropedia’s well-being coaching methodology. Similar to participants in Anthropedia’s training programs, program participants show significant increases in subjective well-being and character development including self-acceptance, empathy, moral reasoning, and self-transcendence. We will discuss implications for public health practices worldwide.
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